Phalloptychus Eigenmann, 1907

Lucinda, Paulo H. F., 2005, Systematics and biogeography of the genus Phalloptychus Eigenmann, 1907 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae), Neotropical Ichthyology 3 (3), pp. 373-382 : 375-380

Phalloptychus Eigenmann

Clade 100, Lucinda & Reis, 2005

Phalloptychus Eigenmann, 1907: 426 [diagnosis in key], 430 [formal diagnosis], fig. 6. Gender masculine.

Type species: Girardinus januarius Hensel, 1868 . Type by original designation and monotypy.

Diagnosis. Phalloptychus species share the following uniquely derived and unreversed features: (1) extremely large dorsolateral process of basipterygium in adult males [36-2**] ( Lucinda & Reis, 2005: fig. 8c; 15); (2) first ray of left and right pelvic fins different from each other in adult males [40-1**] ( Lucinda & Reis, 2005: fig. 10); (3) first pelvic-fin ray of adult males very wide, mainly right one [41-3**] ( Lucinda & Reis, 2005: fig. 10); (4) lateral projection near the bifurcation of second right pelvic-fin ray of adult males [43-1**] ( Lucinda & Reis, 2005: fig. 10a); (5) callosity at the distal portion of right pelvic fin of adult males [45-1**] ( Lucinda & Reis, 2005: fig. 12); (6) third gonapophysis angled zero-10 degrees relative to vertebral column [55-3**]; (7) pleural rib 9 of adult males well-developed, longer than remaining pleural ribs, curved forward and expanded at distal tip [58-1**]; (8) gonactinost complex axis little inclined backwards, forming an angle between 45 º and 90 º relative to body longitudinal axis [68-3**]; (9) short and dorsal protuberance close to base of R4p [117-1**] ( Lucinda & Reis, 2005: fig. 27); and (10) lower branch of R6 as long as upper branch [129- 1**]. Additionally, Phalloptychus species can be diagnosed by the following not uniquely derived and/or reversed features: (1) parietals absent [2-2] ( Ghedotti, 2000: fig. 3); (2) epiotic process absent [3-3] ( Ghedotti, 2000: fig. 3); (3) posterior section of posterior remnant of infraorbital system open forming a groove [7-1] ( Rosen & Mendelson, 1960: fig. 2A, B); (4) preorbital canal absent or open, forming a very shallow groove [9-2] ( Rosen & Mendelson, 1960: fig. 2C, D); (5) four pelvic-fin rays in males [33-2]; (6) ligastyle tripartite (three axis) [46-3] ( Lucinda & Reis, 2005: fig. 13c); (7) first gonapophysis approximately parallel to vertebral column [53-3]; (8) second gonapophysis approximately parallel to vertebral column [54- 2]; (9) pleural ribs associated with haemal arches in males [60- 1]; (10) pleural ribs associated with haemal arches in females [61-1]; (11) absence of a convex expansion on anterior border of second gonactinost [70-0]; (12) flanks with elongate vertical bars reaching dorsal and ventral profiles plus short bars on caudal peduncle [133-1] ( Fig. 5 ; 7 ); and (13) orbital bones absent [143-0].

Key to the species of Phalloptychus .

1. Females with six pelvic-fin rays; 13 predorsal scales; predorsal distance 64.0-68.6 % SL (rio Catu, Bahia) ................................................................ Phalloptychus eigenmanni

1’. Females with five pelvic-fin rays; 10-12 predorsal scales; predorsal distance 55.4-62.2 % SL .................................... 2

2. Five to 12 (median = 7) vertical bars along body side in females; 12 or 13 epipleural ribs in adult specimens; 9 gonopodial rays; ninth minute, incompletely ossified gonopodial ray present (Coastal drainages from Rio de Janeiro to Paraná) ..................... Phalloptychus januarius

2’. Eight to 18 (median = 12) vertical bars along body sides in females; 9 to 11 epipleural ribs on adult specimens; 8 gonopodial rays (Coastal drainages of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul) ...................... Phalloptychus iheringii

Figures

Fig. 5. Phalloptychus iheringii, MCP 11054, Tubarão, rio Tubarão and lateral channels near Campo Verde, Santa Catarina,Brazil.(a) male, 18.3 mmSL; (b)female, 25.7 mmSL.

Fig. 7. Phalloptychus januarius. UMMZ 231550, Farol de São Tomé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (a) male, 16.1 mm SL; (b) female,21.9 mmSL.