Glyptapanteles bobkulai Arias-Penna, sp. nov.

Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H., Winifred Hallwachs,, Dyer, Lee A., Smith, M. Alex, Hebert, Paul D. N. & Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., 2019, A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador, ZooKeys 890, pp. 1-685 : 1

Glyptapanteles bobkulai Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 33 , 34

Female.

Body length 2.32 mm, antenna length 3.23 mm, fore wing length 2.78 mm.

Type material.

Holotype: COSTA RICA • 1♀; 10-SRNP-30219, DHJPAR0038360; Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Mismo ; rain forest; 680 m; 10.98758, -85.41967; 14.i.2010; Petrona Rios leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; white bud-like cocoon adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 22.i.2010; adult parasitoid emerged on 01.ii.2010; ( CNC) . Paratype. 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 10-SRNP-30221, DHJPAR0038328; same data as for holotype except: caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons formed on 27.i. 2010 in litter or soil; ( CNC) .

Other material.

Reared material. COSTA RICA: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Sendero Pinyal : • 1 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 03-SRNP-7211, DHJPAR0004082; rain forest; 630 m; 10.87161, -85.39333; 14.vii.2003; Carolina Cano leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; single white elongate bud-like cocoon adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoid emerged on 25.vii.2003.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Sendero a Maritza: • 1 (1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 06-SRNP-35967, DHJPAR0012328; 570 m; 10.95727, -85.49514; 17.viii.2006; Dunia Garcia leg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; single white bud-like cocoon in litter or soil and formed on 22.viii.2006; adult parasitoid emerged on 01.ix.2006. • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 1♂); 06-SRNP-35969, DHJPAR0012331; same data as for preceding .

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Estacion Cacao : • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-37409, DHJPAR0030700; cloud forest; 1,150 m; 10.92691, -85.46822; 29.x.2008; Dunia Garcia leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; slightly beige bud-like cocoon adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 03.xi.2008; adult parasitoid emerged on 03.xi.2008. • 1 (0 ♀, 0 ♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); 10-SRNP-35622, DHJPAR0040452; same data as for preceding except: 30.vii.2010; Harry Ramirez leg. ; caterpillar collected in first instar; cocoon formed on 11.viii.2010; adult parasitoid emerged on 22.viii.2010.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Sendero Ponderosa: • 2 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 1♂); 09-SRNP-35753, DHJPAR0035424; cloud forest; 1,060 m; 10.91460, -85.46262; 06.v.2009; Manuel Pereira leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; white bud-like cocoons in litter or soil formed on 10.v.2009; adult parasitoids emerged on 15.v.2009.

Diagnosis.

Scutellar punctation distinct peripherally, absent centrally ( Figs 33G , 34F ), fore wing with tubular vein 1 cu-a complete, touching the edge of 1-1A vein, r vein slightly curved, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins forming a slight stub ( Figs 33L , 34K ), medioposterior band of scutellum only very partially overlapping the medioanterior pit of metanotum ( Figs 33G , 34F ), petiole on T1 evenly narrowing over its length ( Figs 33I , 34H ), surface of metasternum flat or nearly so ( Figs 33H , 34G ), edges of median area on T2 obscured by weak longitudinal stripes ( Figs 33I , 34H ), and dorsal outer depression on hind coxa absent ( Figs 33A , 34E ).

Coloration

( Fig. 33A ). General body coloration brown-black except proximal half of scape, distal half of pedicel, labrum, mandibles, glossa, and maxillary and labial palps yellow; clypeus yellow-brown. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs yellow except fore claws brown (tarsomeres of mid legs are lost); hind legs yellow except coxae, apex of femora, both ends of tibiae, and tarsomeres brown. Petiole on T1 brown-black, and sublateral areas yellow; T2 with median and narrow adjacent areas brown, and lateral ends yellow; T3 and beyond dark brown; distally each tergum with a yellowish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-3 completely pale yellow; T4 and beyond yellow, but dorsally dark-brown, this dark coloration covering most of the area of each tergum. S1-4 pale yellow, penultimate sternum yellow, medially with a brown spot; hypopygium completely brown.

Description.

Head ( Fig. 33 A–D ). Head triangular with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.25:0.08, 0.23:0.08, 0.23:0.08), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.14:0.07, 0.10:0.07), antenna longer than body (3.23, 2.32); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face flat or nearly so, with punctate-lacunose punctation, interspaces smooth, and longitudinal median carina absent. Frons smooth. Temple wide with punctate and interspaces clearly smooth. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.11, 0.13). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 33A, G, H, J ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Distal 1/3 of mesoscutum with lateral margin slightly dented, punctation distinct throughout, interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum shape triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation distinct peripherally and absent centrally, scutellum in profile flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum completely concealed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM; ATS demilune with short stubs delineating the area; dorsal ATS groove with semicircular/parallel carinae. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae; area just behind transscutal articulation smooth, shiny nearly at the same level as mesoscutum (flat). Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular and bisected by a median longitudinal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM; PFM thick and smooth; ATM proximally with semircular/undulate carina and distally smooth. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half weakly curved with medium-sized sculpture and distal half rugose with a shallow dent at each side of nucha; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and short stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum and dorsal furrow smooth, but ventral furrow with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with fine punctations throughout and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron convex; precoxal groove smooth, shiny and shallow, but visible; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped.

Legs ( Fig. 33A, E ). Ventral margin of fore telotarsus slightly excavated and with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus proximally narrow and distally wide, and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.12, 0.06). Hind coxa finely punctate throughout, and dorsal outer depression absent. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.23, 0.19); entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus longer than fourth tarsomere (0.15, 0.13).

Wings ( Fig. 33L, M ). Fore wing with r vein slightly curved; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming an angle at their junction and outer side of junction forming a slight stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with microtrichiae virtually throughout; veins 2CUa and 2CUb completely spectral; vein 2 cu-a present as spectral vein, sometimes difficult to see; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a straight, complete, and touching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe narrow, subdistally evenly convex, subproximally straightened, and setae evenly scattered in the margin.

Metasoma ( Fig. 33A, F, I, K ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured only laterally, petiole evenly narrowing distally, apex truncate (length 0.35, maximum width 0.20, minimum width 0.11), petiole with scattered pubescence on distal half only laterally. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.18, length T2 0.18), edges of median area obscured by weak longitudinal stripes, median area as broad as long (length 0.18, maximum width 0.20, minimum width 0.11); T2 with scarce pubescence throughout. T3 longer than T2 (0.22, 0.18) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium dense.

Cocoon. White, beige bud-like cocoon with body ridge-shaped and silk fibers evenly smooth. Cocoon adhered to the leaf substrate, in litter or soil.

Male

( Fig. 34 A–L ). The propleuron has a yellow-brown coloration; the dorsal furrow of pronotum is yellow; the S1-3 are yellow, the S4 and beyond are brown.

Etymology.

Robert (Bob) Kula is a research entomologist with the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture ( USDA), Washington, DC. He is an adjunct scientist with the Smithsonian Institution and is curator of Ichneumonoidea at the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC. His research focuses on classification, evolution, and biodiversity of parasitoid wasps in Braconidae .

Distribution.

Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector Cacao ( Estación Cacao, Sendero a Maritza, and Sendero Ponderosa), Sector San Cristobal (Sendero Pinyal), and Sector Pitilla (Sendero Mismo), during July 2003, August 2006, October 2008, May 2009, and January and July 2010 at 570 m, 630 m, 680 m, 1,060 m, and 1,150 m in rain and cloud forests.

Biology.

The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is solitary/gregarious.

Host.

Eois sp. Hübner ( Geometridae : Larentiinae) feeding on Piper augustum , P. glabrescens ( Piperaceae ); Hagnagora mortipax Butler ( Geometridae : Larentiinae) feeding on Clethra mexicana ( Clethraceae ); Semaeopus illimitata Warren ( Geometridae : Sterrhinae) feeding on Abuta panamensis ( Menispermaceae ); undetermined species of Geometridae feeding on Trema micrantha ( Cannabaceae ). Caterpillars were collected in first, third, and fourth instar.

Figures

Figure 33. Glyptapanteles bobkulai sp. nov. female 06 - SRNP- 35967 DHJPAR 0012328 10 - SRNP- 30219 DHJPAR 0038360 A Habitus B, C Head B Laterofrontal view C Dorsolateral view D Flagellomeres E Hind coxa, lateral view F Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view G, H, J Mesosoma G Dorsolateral view H Ventrolateral view J Lateral view I T 1 - 2, dorsolateral view K Metasoma, lateral view L, M Wings L Fore M Hind.

Figure 34. Glyptapanteles bobkulai sp. nov. male 03 - SRNP- 7211 DHJPAR 0004082, 09 - SRNP- 35753 DHJPAR 0035424 A Habitus B, C Head B Laterofrontal view C Dorsolateral view D Genitalia: parameres, lateral view E Hind coxa, lateral view F, G, I Mesosoma F Dorsolateral view G Ventrolateral view I Lateral view H T 1 - 2, dorsolateral view J Metasoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind.