Naushonia, Kingsley, 1897

Lira, Simone Maria De Albuquerque, Santana, Claudeilton Severino De & Schwamborn, Ralf, 2018, First record of Naushonia sp. (Decapoda: Laomediidae) larva from the Equatorial Atlantic, Zootaxa 4387 (1), pp. 183-194 : 185-191

Naushonia sp.

( Figs. 1–3 )

Material examined. Brazil, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago. CARECOS Project. St FN-PSA, 3°50'5.47”S 32°24'14.52”W, 0.6 m, conical-cylindrical plankton net, 300-µm mesh size, zoea I ( MOUFPE 15.707 ) ; St FN-CP, 3º50’49.02”S 32º26’37.14”W, 0.6 m, conical-cylindrical plankton net, 300-µm mesh size, zoea I ( MOUFPE 15.708 ) ; St FN-PC, 3º50’18.33”S 32º24’42.99”W, 0.6 m, conical-cylindrical plankton net, 300-µm mesh size, zoea I ( MOUFPE 15.709 ) ; St FN-PSA, 3º50’5.47”S 32º24’15.52”W, 0.6 m, conical-cylindrical plankton net, 300-µm mesh size, zoea I (damaged); St FN-PSA, 3º50’5.47”S 32º24’14.52”W, 0.6 m, conical-cylindrical plankton net, 300-µm mesh size, Zoea I ( MOUFPE 15.710 ) ( Table 1).

Morphological description. The description of the zoea I larvae was based on five specimens, all of which were analyzed for their external morphology and measured. The complete dissection of mouthparts was conducted for three specimens.

Zoea I ( Figs. 1–3 ): Carapace length (CL): 0.82 to 0.91 mm and total length (TL): 2.26 to 2.59 mm; five specimens measured ( Table 1).

Antennule ( Figs. 2a ; 3a): Uniramous; terminus with four aesthetascs and one short simple seta. Lateral bud with apical long plumose seta.

Antenna ( Figs. 2b ; 3b): Endopodite unsegmented, with three long terminal plumose setae. Exopodite scale-like with nine plumose setae on inner and distal margins, spine on outer distal margin. Protopodite with 1 strong spine distally at base of exopodite.

Mandibles ( Figs. 2c–d ; 3c–d): are asymmetrical, left mandible ( Fig. 2c ; 3c) with a pronounced molar process bearing three teeth and nine teeth on the inner surface of the base. Right mandible ( Figs. 2d ; 3d) with one stout, reduced spinous tooth on its process, two teeth on the external surface and eleven teeth on the inner surface of the base.

Paragnath ( Figs. 2e ; 3e): pronounced, strongly curved and with smooth inner surface and two small spines on the base.

Maxillule ( Figs. 2f ; 3f): Endopodite unsegmented, with three terminal setae; coxal endite bearing two robust spines (these with a very small lateral thorn bone), two central spines and one seta subterminally. The basal endite with three robust apical spines and one robust spine subterminally.

Maxilla ( Figs. 2g ; 3g): Four endites bearing 1, 4, 4, 4 setae. Endopodite reduced unsegmented with three apical setae. Scaphognathite small, bearing five short plumose setae, without proximal extension.

First maxilliped ( Figs. 2h ; 3h): Exopodite bearing four long plumose setae. Six setae along medial margin of basipodite (one in proximal margin, two medial margin and three in distal margin). Endopodite with four segments; setation proximal to distal 2, 1, 2, 5, the distal segment of endopodite with four long terminal setae, and one subterminal seta very slim in the superior basis of the distal segment.

Second maxilliped ( Figs. 2i ; 3i): Exopodite bearing four long plumose setae. Seta absent in basipodite, endopodite with four segments: setation proximal to distal 0, 0, 2, 5, the distal segment of endopodite with four long terminal setae, and one very slim subterminal seta on superior basis of distal segment.

Third maxilliped (fig. 2j; 3j): Two-jointed rudiment without setae.

Telson ( Figs. 1b ; 3k): Triangular, with deeply notched posterior margin bearing five pairs of plumose setae and a pair of small “anomuran hairs” (i.e., reduced processes, as in many other Gebiidea) ( Fig. 3l ) on the base of the outer most fixed spine on each lobe.

Remark. This species shows different characteristics when compared to other zoeae I of Naushonia spp. The zoea I presented here in has TL = 2.26-2.53 mm and CL = 0.82-0.91 mm for five specimens measured ( Table 1 and 2); whereas the zoea I of N. portoricencis was considerably smaller, with a TL= 1.7 mm ( Gurney & Lebour 1939) while N. cangronoides showed a similar size, with TL= 2.3-2.6 mm and CL= 0.8-0.9 mm. In spite of its similar size, the setation of zoea I of N. cangronoides was different for first and second maxillipeds. Furthermore, format and number of the teeth on the left mandible were also considerably different, as well as the paragnaths, maxillule, maxilla, telson which have a similar setation as N. cangronoides , but were clearly different in their shapes (Table 2).

Naushonia …Continued on next page TABLE 3. (Continued)

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Species Geographic distribution Bathymetric distribution Bathymetric distribution Habitat (adult form) References (adult form) (larval form)

Naushonia palauensis Alvarez , Indo-west Pacific: Palau ( Micronesia) 20 m not described underwater cave Alvarez et al. (2010); Anker

Villalobos & Iliffe 2010 (2014)

Naushonia perrieri (Nobili 1904) Indo-west Pacific: Gulf of Aden not described not described Intertidal, sand under rocks/rubble Goy & Provenzano (1979);

Ngoc- Ho (1996)

Naushonia portoricensis Rathbun Western Atlantic and Caribbean: Puerto 0.5-1 m no described Intertidal and shallow subtidal; on Goy & Provenzano (1979);

1901 Rico, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Mexico, sand or mixed sand-rubble bottoms, Komai & Anker (2010, 2015); French Antilles, possibly also in Bermuda under large rocks and coral rubble. Dworschak et al. (2006); Anker (larval material of Gurney & Lebour 1939). (2014)

Naushonia serratipalma Komai & Indo-west Pacific: French Polynesia and 0-2 m not described silt-sand flat with coral rubble, living Komai & Anker (2010, 2015);

Anker 2010 Saudi Arabia corals, under coral, near small young Anker (2014) mangrove

Naushonia tinkeri Alvarez, Iliffe Caribbean : Bahamas 18-26 m not described Anchialine caves Alvarez et al. (2017)

& Villalobos 2017

Naushonia sp. 1 (reported as Mediterranean and undescribed species D’Udekemd’Acoz (1999)

Laomediidae ) Adriatic Seas Unknown (records based

on larval material

Naushonia sp. Indo-west Pacific : Japan not described 5-10 m not described Konishi (2001)

Naushonia sp. (possibly Western Atlantic: Brazil (Bahia to Rio de not described 0-200 m not described Fernandes & Bonecker (2008)

undescribed species) Janeiro) (as Naushonia sp.)

Naushonia sp. (possibly Western Atlantic: Brazi, Fernando de not described Subsurface (0 - 0.6m) not described Present study

undescribed species) Noronha Archipelago

Figures

FIGURE 1. Zoea I of Naushonia sp. sampled off Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. a,b. Lateral view; c. Telson. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 2. Zoea I of Naushonia sp. a. Antennule; b. Antenna; c. Left mandible; d. Right mandible; e. Paragnath; f. Maxillule; g. Maxilla; h. First maxilliped; i. Second maxilliped; j. Thirty maxilliped. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 3. Zoea I of Naushonia sp. a. Antennule; b. Antenna; c. Left mandible; d. Right mandible; e. Left paragnath; f. Maxillule; g. Maxilla; h. First maxilliped; i. Second maxilliped; j. Thirty maxilliped; k; Telson; l. anomuran hair. Scale bar: 0.05 mm (c–g); 0.1 mm (a–b; h–k).