Centuriarus, Robillard, 2011

Robillard, Tony, 2011, Centuriarus n. gen., a new genus of Eneopterinae crickets from Papua (Insecta, Orthoptera, Grylloidea), Zoosystema 33 (1), pp. 49-60 : 52-53

Genus Centuriarus n. gen.

TYPE SPECIES. — Piestodactylus centurio Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898 , here designated.

ETYMOLOGY. — Genus named after the type species.

DIAGNOSIS. — Among Eneopterinae and Lebinthini genera, Centuriarus n. gen. is characterized by its large size and a mix of characters otherwise found in Cardiodactylus Saussure, 1878 , Lebinthus and Agnotecous Saussure, 1878 . It is more slender in shape than Lebinthus and Agnotecous but resembles these genera by microptery in both sexes (FW short and hind wings absent), with similar inward curve of male CuA as in Lebinthus . Despite microptery, male and female FW venations are more elaborate than in Lebinthus and Agnotecous , with a more differentiate mirror in males. Legs are long and fastigium is narrow as in Cardiodactylus , but eyes are smaller than in Lebinthus and Agnotecous . Male genitalia are characterized by the absence of a median process, which is always present in Cardiodactylus and in most Agnotecous species (except a few species in yahoue species group), but is lacking in most Lebinthus species; pseudepiphallic parameres are bilobate and oriented perpendicularly to genitalia main axis. Contrary to all other Lebinthini species, the ovipositor in Centuriarus n. gen. is not denticulate on apex dorsal edge.

DESCRIPTION

Genus characterized by its large size even for the Lebinthini tribe ( Fig. 1 ) and more slender shape than Lebinthus and Agnotecous . Eyes little prominent ( Fig. 2 ), smaller than in other Lebinthini genera; fastigium as long as wide, slightly widened apically, not separated from vertex by a transverse depression nor furrowed longitudinally. Ocelli large, bulbous. Face higher than wide. Dorsal disk of pronotum slightly wider than long, its anterior margin indented, its posterior margin straight ( Fig. 1 ). Legs long. Fore tibiae with 2 tympana; inner tympanum covered by a sclerotised expansion ( Fig. 3A ), its membrane visible along a small longitudinal slit only; outer tympanum ellipsoidal, transversally plicate ( Fig. 3B ). Fore tibiae with 2 inner and 1 outer apical spurs. Tibiae II with 2 inner and 2 outer spurs.Hindfemora filiform at apex. Hindtibiae serrulated on their whole length, furrowed longitudinally on their dorsal side and with 4 pairs of subapical spurs and 3 pairs of apical spurs; inner spurs long and curved, outer spurs short and straight. Tarsomeres III-1 with 2 dorso-apical spines and a row of spines on outer dorsal edge; no lateral outer spine. FWs short, not reaching abdomen midlength; hindwings absent. Cerci long and thin, longer than hind femora.

Male

Metanotal glands absent. Stridulum complete ( Fig. 4 ): harp wide; mirror not rounded but differentiated from other cells of D alignment; d2 cell undifferentiated; stridulatory file with teeth both on the transverse and longitudinal parts of 1A; bump near 1A basis carrying extra stridulatory teeth ( Fig. 5 ). CuP absent but claval fold visible along CuA. Diagonal faint, on top of a fold. CuA curved inward around the median fold, short and located on dorsum as in Lebinthus and Agnotecous . Apical field short but involving 3 cell alignments posterior to the mirror (alignments E-G). FW lateral field: R with several bifurcations in its posterior third; intermedian area dark brown. Subgenital plate clog-shaped, twice as long as sternite; inner side of subgenital plate with paired subapical swellings.

Male genitalia. ( Fig. 6 ) Pseudepiphallus triangular, basal margin straight, posterior apex with paired membranous lophi, setose, and without a median process as in most other Lebinthini species. Rami straight, parallel and short. Ventral pseudepiphallic plate narrow and elongate.Pseudepiphallic parameres well sclerotised, with a dorsal lobe, a basal ventral lobe oriented anteriorly, and 2 distal ventral lobes parallel and perpendicular to the main genitalia axis. Ectophallic apodemes parallel and long. Ectophallic arc well sclerotised, straight. Ectophallic fold short, with a spatula-like sclerotisation. Lateral ectophallic expansions oriented anteriorly. Endophallic sclerite comprising a short median sclerotisation and 2 lateral arms, very long anteriorly, exceeding pseudepiphallic sclerite. Endophallic apodeme narrow, crest-like.

FEMALE

FWs ( Fig. 7A ) slightly overlapping, yellow brown, dorsal field with 7 strong longitudinal veins, 1A very strong and bifurcated at midlength; lateral field with 4 longitudinal veins, R without bifurcations. Ovipositor apex laterally flattened, lanceolate and smooth dorsally ( Fig. 7B ).

Female genitalia ( Fig. 7 C-E). Copulatory papilla more similar in general shape to that of Cardiodactylus than to Lebinthus or Agnotecous ; ovoid, with a basal sclerotised ring and ventral reliefs.

Figures

FIG. 1. — Centuriarus centurio (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898) n. comb., ơ lectotype (NHMW), habitus. Scale bar: 5 mm.

FIG. 2. — Shape and size comparisons of the head of Centuriarus centurio (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898) n. comb., (A), Lebinthus leopoldi Chopard, 1931 (B), and Cardiodactylus novaeguineae (Haan, 1842) (C), showing eye length (bold line), head length (large dotted line) and fastigium width (fa; horizontal arrow). Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIG. 3. — Centuriarus centurio (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898) n. comb.fore leg in inner (A) and outer (B) views.The tympana are indicated using black arrows and dotted lines. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIG. 4. — Centuriarus centurio (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898) n. comb.male, FW venation.Dense and spaced dotted areas represent respectively dark and whitish colouration patterns; strong dotted lines represent folds and reliefs. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIG. 5. — Anterior part of male FW of Centuriarus centurio (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898) n. comb. in ventral view (B), with a detailed view of the basal bump on the stridulatory file (A). Scale bar: A, 1 mm.

FIG. 6. — Male genitalia of Centuriarus centurio (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898) n. comb.in dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 7. — Female of Centuriarus centurio (Brunner von Wattenwyl,1898) n. comb.: FW venation (A), apex of ovipositor (B), and copulatory papilla in ventral (C), lateral (D) and dorsal (E) views. In FW venation, dense dotted areas represent dark colouration patterns; in copulatory papilla, dotted parts correspond to membranous areas. Scale bars: 1 mm.