Ctenocolum podagricus ( Fabricius, 1801 )

Albuquerque, Felícia Pereira De, Manfio, Daiara & Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele Stramare, 2014, A contribution to the knowledge of New World Bruchinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae): taxonomic revision of Ctenocolum Kingsolver & Whitehead, with description of five new species, Zootaxa 3838 (1), pp. 1-45 : 29-32

Ctenocolum podagricus ( Fabricius, 1801)

( Figs. 14 , 27 , 39 , 50 , 58 , 71 , 83 , 95 )

Bruchus podagricus Fabricius (1801): 399 (original description, type-locality: América Meridional); Johnson & Nilsson (1990): 171, 172 (synonym, lectotype).

Pseudopachymerus podagricus: Pic (1913a) : 11 (catalog).

Caryedes podagrica: Blackwelder (1946): 758 (catalog). Wilcox (1975):10; Peck (2011): 40 (distribution); Peck et al. (2014): 111 (distribution).

Acanthoscelides podagricus: Zacher (1952): 465 (host plant).

Caryedes podagricus: De Luca (1972): 106 (catalog); Johnson & Kingsolver (1981): 417 (catalog); Udayagiri & Wadhi (1989) (catalog); Lorea-Barocio et al (2006): 518 (catalog).

Ctenocolum podagricus: Johnson & Nilsson (1990):171 (distribution); Alvarez-Marin & Kingsolver (1997): 219 (catalog); Romero & Johnson (2004): 623 (catalog); Silva & Ribeiro-Costa (2008): 803, 809, 811, 814, 816-819, 821, (distribution, taxonomy); Rodrigues et al. (2012): 273 (host plant).

Bruchus crotonae Fåhraeus (1839): 123 , 124 (original description, type-locality: Brasil).

Pseudopachymerus crotonae: Pic (1913a) : 10 (catalog).

Caryedes crotonae: Blackwelder (1946): 758 (catalog).

Ctenocolum crotonae: Kingsolver & Whitehead (1974a) : 287, 307, 310, 311 (redescription, key, characters, distribution, figures, type-locality, host plant); Janzen (1977): 417 (host plant); Janzen (1978): 183 (host plant); Janzen (1980): 947 (host plant); Johnson & Kingsolver (1981): 418 (catalog); Udayagiri & Wadhi (1989): 79 (catalog); La Rosa & Romero-Nápoles (2002): 189 (host plant); Sari et al. (2002): 483, 484, 485 (host plant); Turnbow et al. (2003): 277 (citation).

Bruchus pictifemur: Sharp (1885): 446 (original description, type-locality: Mexico, Jalapa); Kingsolver & Whitehead (1974a): 307 (= Bruchus podagricus ). Pseudopachymerus pictifemur: Pic (1913a) : 11 (catalog).

Caryedes pictifemur: Blackwelder (1946): 758 (catalog); Wilcox (1975): 10 (catalog).

Type material. Bruchus podagricus Fabricius, 1801 . Not examined.

Note. In the original description of Bruchus podagricus, Fabricius (1801) did not specify how many specimens he studied. He also failed to mention which museum the material was deposited. We requested the material to the Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark, but our request was not granted. According to Johnson & Nilsson (1990), the male genitalia of B. podagricus and B. crotonae are identical.

Bruchus crotonae Fåhraeus, 1839 . Syntype deposited in NHRS, male: “ Typus ” [red label with black margin, printed in black]; “mi Sem: Croton/ et Laqurninofa/ e Brazilia./ Falderman” [white label handwritten in black]; “90/ H” [red label, 90 numbers printed in black, H letter handwritten in blue]; “♂” [white label printed in black]; “ SYNTYPE / Bruchus crotonae / Fåhraeus, 1839 / Det. Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa” [white label with red margin, printed in black]; “ Ctenocolum podagricus / ( Fabricius, 1801)/ F. P. Albuquerque det. 2013” [white label with black margin, printed in black].

Note. In the original description of Bruchus crotonae Fåhraeus (1839) did not specify how many specimens he studied. He also failed to mention which museum the material was deposited. However, the literature indicates that the type material is deposited in the NHRS ( Kingsolver & Whitehead 1974a; Johnson & Nilsson 1990). It was received from NHRS one specimen that confers with the original description of Fảhraeus (1839), being considered here as a syntype.

Bruchus pictifemur Sharp, 1885 . Lectotype designated here, deposited in BMNH, female: “ Bruchus picti/ femur. Type / D.S./ Jalapa./ Mexico. Hoge” [white label handwritten in black]; “LECTO–/ TYPE ” [round label, purple with center white, printed in black]; “ Type ” [round label, red with center white, printed in black]; “Jalapa,/ Mexico./ Hoege.” [white label printed in black]; “B. C. A. Col. V./ Bruchus / pictifemur ,/ Sharp.” [white label with black margin, printed in black]; “Sharp Coll./1905–313.” [white label printed in black]; “♀” [white label printed in black]; “ LECTOTYPE / Bruchus pictifemur / Sharp, 1885 / Det. Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa” [white label with red margin, printed in black]; “ Ctenocolum podagricus / ( Fabricius, 1801)/ F. P. Albuquerque det. 2013” [white label with black margin, printed in black]. 2 paralectotypes, deposited in BMNH, female: “ Bruchus picti–/ femur. D.S./ Jalapa./ Mexico. Hoge.” [white label handwritten in black]; “PARA–/ LECTO–/ TYPE ” [round label, blue with center white, printed in black]; “Jalapa,/ Mexico./ Hoege.” [white label printed in black]; “B. C. A. Col. V./ Bruchus / pictifemur ,/ Sharp.” [white label with black margin, printed in black]; “♀” [white label printed in black]; “ PARALECTOTYPE / Bruchus pictifemur / Sharp, 1885 / Det. Albuquerque & Ribeiro- Costa” [white label with yellow margin, printed in black]; “ Ctenocolum podagricus / ( Fabricius, 1801)/ F. P. Albuquerque det. 2013” [white label with black margin, printed in black]. Female: “PARA–/ LECTO–/ TYPE ” [round label, blue with center white, printed in black]; “Jalapa,/ Mexico./ Hoege.” [white label printed in black]; “B. C. A. Col. V./ Bruchus / pictifemur ,/ Sharp.” [white label with black margin, printed in black]; “ pictifemur ” [white label printed in black]; “♀” [white label printed in black]; “ PARALECTOTYPE / Bruchus pictifemur / Sharp, 1885 / Det. Albuquerque & Ribeiro- Costa” [white label with yellow margin, printed in black]; “ Ctenocolum podagricus / ( Fabricius, 1801)/ F. P. Albuquerque det. 2013” [white label with black margin, printed in black].

Note. In the original description of Bruchus pictifemur, Sharp (1885) did not specify where the material was deposited, he only mentioned that he studied three specimens. However, the literature indicates that the type material is deposited in the BMNH ( Kingsolver & Whitehead 1974a). We received three specimens from this museum, one with lectotype label and two with paralectotype labels, although a formal designation was not published. As these specimens agree with the original description, the specimen that has the lectotype label is here designated as lectotype to improve nomenclatural stability (Declaration 44, Amendment of Article 74.7.3, ICZN 1999).

Additional material. PORTO RICO: 2, Mayaguez, 12.X.1936, #1770, R. H. Moore & L. C. McAlister col., Piscidia erythrina ( TAMU). MEXICO: Sinaloa: 1, Mazatlán, 14.VIII.1965, H. Burke & J. Meyer col. ( TAMU); Jalisco: 8, 34 mi. NW Barra de Navidad, 09.III.1973, emerged in 30.VII.1973, C. D. Johnson col., reared seeds 438-73, Lonchocarpus nitidus ( DZUP); 16, same information except emerged in 23.V.1973, ( TAMU); 6, same information except emerged in 12. IV.1973, ( TAMU); 2, same information except emerged in 13.VI.1973, ( TAMU); 3, same information except emerged in 9.X.1973, ( TAMU); 1, same information except emerged in 29.XII.1973, ( TAMU); 3, same information except emerged in 27.VI.1973, ( TAMU). JAMAICA: Saint James: 1, Montego Bay, 03.VIII.1967, L. & C. W. O’Brien col. ( TAMU). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste: 8, 30 Km de Liberia, 26.II.1976, D. H. Janzen col., Bauhinia glabra ( DZUP); 1, Santa Rosa, 15.III.1972, D. H. Janzen col. ( BMNH); Puntarenas: 1, Guacimal, 07.III.1976, D. R. Whitehead col., Bauhinia glabra ( DZUP). PERU: Junin: 1, San Ramón de Pangoa, 40 Km SE Satipo, 750 m., 07.V.1972, R. T. & J. C. Schuh col. ( TAMU).

Diagnosis. Ctenocolum podagricus differs from C. triangulatus Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. by ocular index 4.7–7.0 and pygidium oval in male and triangular in females; differs from C. martiale by elytral striae 3 and 4 with less conspicuous teeth at base. This species is different from all other species by having a squamous inverted V-shaped sclerite in the internal sac of male genitalia ( Fig. 83 ).

Redescription. BL: 2.0– 3.4 mm; BW: 1.4–2.1 mm.

Integument. Dorsum variegated with dark brown to black and reddish brown or predominate black. Antenna brown to dark brown, first 3 antennomeres paler ( Figs. 14 , 58 ). Pygidium reddish brown or rufous. Ventral region from brown to black and reddish brown. Front and middle femur from pale brown to dark brown; hind femur dark brown and black.

Pubescence. Pronotum brown, black and white; sparse setae exposing the by a transversal and/or longitudinal strip of denser setae and on each lateral region a small area ( Fig. 14 ). Elytra strongly variegated, brown, black and white setae; interstria 3 with short dense strip of white setae at base and at submedian region ( Fig. 14 ). Pygidium densely white and yellowish gray in male, white and brown in female; two basal, four lateral, one apical small areas and at median region a larger area with sparse setae ( Figs. 39 , 50 ).Ventral region brown, pale brown, yellowish gray and white ( Fig. 58 ).

Head. Ocular sinus 0.2 mm; ocular index 4.7–7.0; length of eyes in frontal view behind sinus 0.06–0.08 mm ( Fig. 27 ). Antenna serrate from antennomere 4-10. Frons with frontal carina ( Fig. 27 ).

Prothorax. Pronotum with median gibbosity slightly elevated, divided or not by longitudinal sulcus and not divided by transversal sulcus ( Fig. 58 ); lateral gibbosity slightly to moderately elevated; basal lobe with or without depression and slightly emarginated ( Fig. 14 ).

Mesothorax and metathorax. Elytra, striae with punctures moderately impressed; less conspicuous teeth at base of striae 3 and 4; tooth of stria 4 closer to base of tooth of stria 3 than to anterior margin of elytra; stria 6 conspicuously impressed. Hind femur ( Fig. 71 ) on external ventral margin with toothed carina; without denticles above of external ventral margin; pecten with 7–9 teeth. Hind tibia ( Fig. 71 ) strongly emarginated beside mucro; lateral coronal denticles present.

Abdomen. Pygidium longer than wide, oval in male ( Fig. 39 ), subtriangular in female ( Fig. 50 ), at median basal region with moderately impressed punctures.

Male genitalia. Median lobe, ventral valve as long as wide, lateral margin concave on subapical region ( Fig. 83 ), basal margin slightly or strongly emarginated. Internal sac, lateral apex with short tuft of setae, hinge sclerite similar to stick, long, extending through subapical region; subapical region with homogeneously distributed spicules and medially dense; median region with an agglomerate of spicules; submedian region with squamous inverted V-shape sclerite ( Fig. 83 ); basal region with or without spines. Tegmen ( Fig. 95 ), lateral lobes separated by emargination about 0.75 times the length of lateral lobes; internal margin near end of emargination curved, forming a "U"; expanded at apex, about 2 times the smallest width on median region; without membranous projection at apex.

Distribution. Neotropical region: Puerto Rico, Mexico (Sinaloa, Jalisco, Querétaro, Veracruz, Chiapas, Campeche, Quintana Roo), El Salvador (San Salvador, La Unión), St. Barthelemy, Costa Rica (Guanacaste, Puntarenas), Venezuela (Distrito Capital), Trinidad and Tobago ( Tobago), Ecuador, Guyana, Brazil (Mato Grosso, Paraná).

New records: Jamaica (Saint James) and Peru (Junin).

Host plants (Table I–II). Caesalpinioideae : Peltophorum dasyrrhachis (Miq.) Kurz. Papilionoideae : Lonchocarpus sp., L. costaricensis (Donn.Sm.) Pittier. , L. heptaphyllus (Poir.) DC. (= L. pentaphyllus (Poir.) DC.), L. hondurensis Benth. , L. margaritensis Pittier , L. minimiflorus Donn. Sm. , L. nitidus (Vogel) Benth. , L. parviflorus Benth. , L. rugosus Benth. , Piscidia carthagenensis Jacq. , Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg. (= P. erythrina L.).

New records: Caesalpinioideae : Bauhinia glabra Jacq.

Note. According to Kingsolver & Whitehead (1974a), the record in Peltophorum dasyrrhachis is dubious.

Figures

FIGURES 8 – 16. Dorsal habitus: 8 Ctenocolum aquilus Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (paratype); 9 C. biolleyi (holotype); 10 C. colburni; 11 C. martiale (paratype), 12, C. martiale; 13 C. milelo Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (paratype); 14, C. podagricus; 15 C. punctinotatus Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (holotype); 16 C. pygospilotos Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (holotype). Scale: 0.50 mm.

FIGURES 22 – 30. Frontal habitus: 22 Ctenocolum aquilus Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (paratype); 23 C. biolleyi (paratype); 24 C. colburni; 25 C. martiale; 26 C. milelo Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (paratype); 27 C. podagricus; 28 C. punctinotatus Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (holotype); 29 C. pygospilotos Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (holotype); 30 C. triangulatus Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (holotype). Scale: 0.50 mm.

FIGURES 35 – 43. Pygidium of male: 35 Ctenocolum aquilus Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (paratype); 36 C. colburni; 37 C. martiale; 38 C. milelo Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (paratype); 39 C. podagricus; 40 C. punctinotatus Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (holotype); 41 C. pygospilotos Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (holotype); 42 C. triangulatus Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (holotype); 43 C. acapulcensis. Scale: 0.50 mm.

FIGURES 47 – 52. Pygidium of female: 47 Ctenocolum biolleyi (holotype); 48 C. martiale (paratype); 49 C. milelo Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (paratype); 50 C. podagricus; 51 C. janzeni; 52 C. tuberculatum. Scale: 0.50 mm.

FIGURES 53 – 60. Lateral habitus: 53 Ctenocolum aquilus Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (paratype); 54 C. biolleyi (holotype); 55 C. colburni; 56 C. martiale (paratype); 57 C. milelo (paratype); 58 C. podagricus; 59 C. punctinotatus Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (holotype); 60 C. pygospilotos Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (holotype). Scale: 0.50 mm.

FIGURES 66 – 71. Posterior leg, external view: 66 Ctenocolum aquilus (paratype); 67 C. biolleyi (holotype); 68 C. colburni; 69 C. martiale; 70 C. milelo Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (paratype); 71 C. podagricus. Scale: 0.50 mm.

FIGURES 79 – 84. Male genitalia, median lobe: 79 Ctenocolum aquilus Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (paratype); 80 C. colburni; 81 C. martiale (holotype); 82 C. milelo (paratype); 83 C. podagricus; 84 C. punctinotatus Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (holotype). Scale: 0.10 mm.

FIGURES 91 – 99. Male genitalia, tegmen, lateral lobe: 91 C. aquilus (paratype); 92 C. colburni; 93 C. martiale (holotype); 94 C. milelo Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (paratype); 95 C. podagricus; 96 C. punctinotatus Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (holotype); 97 C. pygospilotos Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (holotype); 98 C. triangulatus Albuquerque & Ribeiro-Costa sp. nov. (holotype); 99 C. acapulcensis. Scale: 0.10 mm.