Gomphocerus Thunberg, 1815

Mol, Abbas, Şirin, Deniz, Taylan, Mehmet Sait & Sevgili, Hasan, 2023, A review of the Anatolian Gomphocerus Thunberg, 1815 (Orthoptera: Acrididae Gomphocerinae) via morphological and bioacoustics characters: data suggesting a new species, a new subgenus and three new statuses, Zootaxa 5353 (5), pp. 401-429 : 412

Genus: Gomphocerus Thunberg, 1815

Gomphocerus Thunberg, 1815 . Mem.Acad.Imp.Sci.Pt. Petersburg.5:211–301.

Type species: Gomphocerus sibiricus Linnaeus, 1767

Synonym: Aeropus Gistel, 1848 ( Cigliano et al. 2023)

Morphology of the genus: Head short. Eyes in the middle of head. Vertex short, faveolae narrow and elongated. Antennae long cylindrical and clavatus in both sexes, surpass the posterior tip of the pronotum in male, reach or almost not reach in female. Labium not reaching middle of prothorax in both sexes, beak-shaped and with small external lobe. Pronotum with distinct lateral carina (sometimes slightly in male), elongated anteriorly, typical sulcus cut the pronotum anteriorly or posteriorly in median. Anterior tibia is pyriform (pear-shaped) ( Fig. 9 ). Tegmina and alae well developed, usually surpass tip of the posterior femur, sometimes quite short in female or reaches tip of posterior femur. The precostal field of tegmina is suddenly widened near the basal, then it suddenly narrows and surpass the middle of the tegmina. The medial area of the tegmina is quite large. The widest part of the cubital-1 is 4–7 times the width of the widest part of the area, if the medial field is quite wide, the cubital-1 field is quite narrow, anterior and posterior cubital veins of the tegmina are quite close to each other, sometimes completely fused. Posterior femur with rounded genicular lobe. Posterior tibia with small ventral spur on the inner side. Metasternum with widened lobe in both sexes. Tympanal opening in first abdominal segment, well developed, partially closed ( Bei-Bienko & Mistshenko 1951).

As noted in the introduction part, the Gomphocerus taxa distributed in Anatolia; Gomphocerus sibiricus turcicus Mistshenko, 1951 , Gomphocerus sibiricus hemipterus Karabağ, 1953 and Gomphocerus sibiricus acutus Karabağ, 1957 , are known as subspecies of the nominate species (except Gomphocerus transcaucasicus Mistshenko, 1951 ). However, when the morphological, bioacoustics and biogeographical data of these subspecies are evaluated, they are confirmed to the species level since they are different from the nominate subspecies (detailed information is given in the diagnosis section of the taxonomy of the species). According to morphological analysis, it is revealed that Gomphocerus sibiricus acutus Karabağ , Gomphocerus armeniacus dimorphus Karabağ and Gomphocerus sibiricus dimorphus Karabağ subspecies are synonymous. This situation was also noted by Demirsoy (1977), and according to the priority rule, the current species name is confirmed as Gomphocerus (Bolivarianus) acutus Karabağ, 1957 stat.n.

Diagnosis of the new subgenus, Bolivarianus subgen.n: genus Gomphocerus Thunberg, 1815 , is divided into two subgenera: the nominate subgenus and Bolivarianus , in terms of morphological characters. The species belongs nominate subgenus differs from other species with the following characters; tegmina reach or surpass the tip of the abdomen in both sexes and alae same length as the tegmina, the apical narrowing of the male tegmina, the precostal field and the medial field in the male reach or almost reach the middle of the tegmina, especially the enlargement of the tegmina tip in the female, The fusion of Cubital-1 and Cubital-2 veins with each other and the presence of stigma in the tegmina. According to this diagnosis, the species of the nominate subgenus distributed in Anatolia are; G. (Gomphocerus) transcaucasicus Mistshenko, 1951 ; G. (Gomphocerus) turcicus Mistshenko, 1951 stat.n and G. (Gomphocerus) eyluldenizi Mol sp.n. In the light of these evaluations, it is probable that the genus is in the nominate subgenus in the following taxa, which are distributed in the Palearctic Region and tegmina details known; G. (Gomphocerus) sibiricus sibiricus (Linnaeus, 1767) , G. (Gomphocerus) sibiricus babasarius (Garai, 2002) , G. (Gomphocerus) sibiricus tibetanus (Uvarov, 1935) , G. (Gomphocerus) sibiricus turkestanicus Mistshenko, 1951 , G. (Gomphocerus) kudia Caudell, 1928 , G. (Gomphocerus) dispar Fischer von Waldheim, 1846 , G. (Gomphocerus) licenti licenti (Chang, 1939) , G. (Gomphocerus) licenti flavipes Mistshenko, 1968 and G. (Gomphocerus) plebejus Stål, 1861 .

Figures

FIGURE 9. Foreleg of male and hindfemora in both sexes of Anatolian Gomphocerus taxa.