Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758), 2014

Cláudio, Vinícius C., Barbosa, Gedimar P., Rocha, Vlamir J. & Rassy, Ricardo Moratelli Fabrício B., 2020, The bat fauna (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Carlos Botelho State Park, Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil, including new distribution records for the state of São Paulo, Zoologia (e 36514) 37, pp. 1-32 : 12-13

Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Fig. 14

Taxonomy. Carollia Gray, 1838 is represented in Brazil by C. benkeithi Solari & Baker, 2006 , C. brevicauda (Schinz, 1821) and C. perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758) ( Nogueira et al. 2014) . The forearm is usually dorsally furred and can reach 45 mm in C. perspicillata and 42 mm in C. brevicauda , and is naked and shorter than 39 mm in C. benkeithi ; the dorsal fur have a marked banding in C. perspicillata and C. brevicauda , and lacks a sharply defined banding in C. benkeithi ; and the ventral fur is unicolored in C. perspicillata and slightly bicolored in C. brevicauda , while it is short with browntipped bicolored hairs in C. benkeithi ( Allen 1890, Cloutier and Thomas 1992, Simmons and Voss 1998, Solari and Baker 2006, López-Baucells et al. 2016, Ruelas 2017). The effectiveness of the diagnostic characters between C. perspicillata and C. brevicauda , both with records in Southeastern Brazil, are still discussed ( Dias and Peracchi 2008, Ruelas 2017). Despite of some variations reported in the literature, useful characters to separate these species are: dorsal fur short in C. perspicillata (5.0–7.0 mm) and longer in C. brevicauda (7.0– 8.6 mm); dorsal fur tricolored in C. perspicillata and tetracolored in C. brevicauda ; forearm sparsely haired in C. perspicillata and densely haired in C. brevicauda ; and tibia length larger than 14 mm in C. perspicillata and smaller than 16 mm in C. brevicauda (see Pine 1972, Cloutier and Thomas 1992, Ruelas 2017, Thomas 2017, Lemos et al. 2020).

Specimens from PECB (ZSP 008, 022, 023, 045; see Table 6 for measurements) have well-marked tetracolored dorsal fur, with light brown basal bands (ca 10% of the fur length), followed by a large dark brown band, a light brown band and dark brown tips; the venter is lighter and unicolored ( Fig. 17). The well-marked tetracolored dorsal fur diverge from the characters observed by other authors for the species ( Pine 1972, Cloutier and Thomas 1992, Dias and Peracchi 2008, Ruelas 2017, Lemos et al. 2020), but the tibia length (averaging 16.8 mm), the dorsal fur length (averaging 6.8 mm), sparsely furred thumb and forearm, and skull features and measurements ( Table 6) conforms to previous descriptions of C. perspicillata .

Distribution. In Brazil the species is widely distributed, recorded in all biomes and states ( Tavares et al. 2008, Reis et al. 2017). In São Paulo, the species is widely distributed, occurring in all the vegetational formations ( Garbino 2016).

Field observations. We captured 95 individuals (51 males and 44 females), all of them were taken at ground-level mist-nets in sampling sites M3, M4, M5, M6, M10, M13, M14, M16, M17, M18, M19, M20, M21, M22, M23, M24, M25, M27, M28, M31, M33 and M34 (Appendix 1). Captures occurred in all months except July and December. We recorded lactating females in February, May and November; pregnant females in January, April, September and October; and juveniles in January, February, March, April, May and June.