Echinoneus cyclostomus Leske, 1778

Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles, 2017, Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa, Zootaxa 4296 (1), pp. 1-72 : 47

* Echinoneus cyclostomus Leske, 1778

Fig. 52 A–D.

Echinoneus elegans: A. Agassiz, 1863: 25 .

Echinoneus cyclostomus: Alcock & Anderson, 1894: 194 ; H.L. Clark, 1925a: 177. Pl. X, Figs 1–3 ; Mortensen, 1948d: 75 –80. Pl. I, Figs 14 , 26 . Pl. XII, Figs 21 , 23 ; Schultz, 2010: 287, Figs 549–550; Filander & Griffiths, 2014: 54 –55. Pl. II, Fig. E.

Material examined. SAMC-A28221; SAMC-A28212; SAMC-A28225; SAMC-A28234.

Identification. Test elongated, slightly doomed aborally, orally concave. Ambulacra pore zones narrow—not forming petaloid, conspicuous glassy knobs aborally. Peristome triangular shaped, centrally positioned. Denuded test light brown. Spines short, brownish, uniform.

Global maximum size. Maximum test length 50 mm.

Global distribution. Atlantic Ocean, from Caribbean to Brazil and Tropical West Africa; also Indo-Pacific, from east coast of South Africa ( Filander & Griffiths 2014) to Hawaii and Easter Islands and from Japan to northern Australia and Lord Howe Island; littoral to 570 m ( Mortensen 1948d; Schultz 2010).

Remarks. There used to be two species in this genus. The second species— Echinoneus abnormalis , was moved to its own genus ( Koehleraster ) based on absence of glassy tubercles and perforated tubercles ( Schultz 2010).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts.

FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts.

FIGURE 14. Acanthocidaris maculicollis (SAMC- A 28233). A. Map showing distribution. B. Spine close-up view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 21. Tromikosoma uranus (SAMC-A 22122). A. Map showing distribution. B. view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 23. Phormosoma placenta africana (SAMC- A 22250). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen.

FIGURE 26. Chaetodiadema africanum. A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of adult preserved specimen (MBC- 077779). C. Aboral view of juvenile preserved specimen (SAMC-A 23717).

FIGURE 52. Echinoneus cyclostomus (SAMC-A 28212). A. Map showing distribution. B. Oral view of denuded test. C. Aboral view of denuded test. D. Side view of denuded test.