Cosmocercoides karnatakaensis, Rizvi, Anjum Nasreen, 2009

Rizvi, Anjum Nasreen, 2009, Two new species of amphibian nematodes from Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India., Zootaxa 2013, pp. 58-68 : 59-63

Cosmocercoides karnatakaensis sp. nov.

( Figures 1 & 2 ; Tables 1 & 2.)

General Morphology: Small-sized worms, broad anteriorly and sharply pointed posteriorly with long filiform tail. Lateral alae absent. Mouth surrounded by three lips, one dorsal and two subventral. Cuticle transversely striated. Esophagus with a long corpus, distinct isthmus and a valvated endbulb. Excretory pore anterior to endbuld.

Female: Somatic papillae absent. Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic. Vulva post equatorial, with protruding rounded vulval lips. Uterus with embryos in different stages of development.

specimens; ABD= Anal Body Diameter, a = L/W; b=L/E; c = L/T; V= Vulva /L x100).

Male: Small somatic papillae reaching up to esophagus. Caudal alae absent. Caudal papillae, rosette complex and simple types, 11:5:12 pairs present. Preanal, 11 pairs, out of which 8 pairs are rosette complex type, 5 pairs small grouped together and 3 pairs slightly large and situated at a distance from each other. The remaining three preanal pairs are small and simple. Five adanal pairs are small complex rosette papillae grouped together. The postanal caudal papillae comprises 12 pairs of large rosette papillae studded on the entire tail, out of which 8 pairs are lateral and 4 pairs are subventral. Spicules paired, long, pointed at distal end and equal in length. Gubernaculum small.

Host: Bronzed frog, Hylarana temporalis (Günther) - Deposited in Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Western Ghats Field Research Station (WGFRS), Calicut, Kerala, India, vide registration No. ZSI/WGFRS/V/ A-676.

Locality: Haligekerae, Muthodi Range, Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, India. Lat. 13 0 29’ – N; Long. 75 0 36’ – E. Altitude: 2900 ft. above MSL (approximately).

Site of infection: Gut.

Type Material: Holotype male: ZSI/ NRS /IV/N/355, Paratype males: ZSI/ NRS /IV/N/356-360; Paratype females: ZSI/ NRS /IV/N/361-380 (Zoological Survey of India, Northern Regional Station, Dehradun, India.).

Diagnosis and relationships. Cosmocercoides karnatakaensis sp. nov. is characterized by males with small body length, long spicules, small gubernaculum, minute somatic papillae reaching up to esophagus, rosette complex caudal papillae as 8:5:12 pairs and simple caudal papillae as 3:0:0 pairs; females with small body length, long tail, posteriorly situated vulva and oviparous.

Of the 18 species of Cosmocercoides (Table 2), 5 species lack lateral alae namely, C.pulcher , C. tibetanum , C. fotedari , C.lilloi and C. karnatakaensis sp. nov. Of these, the spicules of C. fotedari , C.lilloi are similar in length 85–120 μm and C. tibetanum has spicule length of 580 μm, whereas the spicules of C.pulcher and C. karnatakaensis sp. nov. are similar in length (247 μm and 245–265 μm respectively), however they are differentiated by caudal papillae pattern, C.pulcher has 28:4:2;many:0:14 pattern and lack somatic papillae, compared to C. karnatakaensis sp. nov. with 16:10:24; 6:0:0 pattern and presence of somatic papillae. The new species resembles four species namely, C. multipapillata , C.nainitalensis , C.rickae and C.tridens in the presence of somatic papillae, however, it differs from all the four species in the absence of lateral alae, size of spicules and patterns of caudal papillae.

Bronzed frog, Hylarana temporalis (Günther) is a new host record for the genus Cosmocercoides

Figures

FIGURE 1. Photomicrographs of Female Cosmocercoides karnatakaensis sp. nov. A. Entire female (Scale bar = 100 µm). B. Esophagus (Scale bar = 50 µm). C. Endbulb and excretory cell (Scale bar = 20 µm). D. Vulva (Scale bar = 20 µm). E. Embryos in uterus (Scale bar = 50 µm).

FIGURE 2. Photomicrographs of Male Cosmocercoides karnatakaensis sp. nov. A Entire male (Scale bar = 100 µm). B. Anterior end (Scale bar = 20 µm). C. Posterior end showing spicules (Scale bar = 50 µm). D. Tail region with spicule and caudal papillae (Scale bar = 20 µm). E. Somatic papillae (Scale bar = 10 µm). F & G. Caudal rosette papillae (Scale bar = 10 µm). H. Gubernaculum and spicule (Scale bar = 10 µm).

Tables

TABLE 1. Some morphometric data (in mm) for the Cosmocercoides karnatakaensis sp. nov. (N = Total number of

Parameters	Male holotype	Male paratypes Mean ± SD (range)	Female paratypes Mean ± SD (range)
N		5	20
Length(L) Width(W)	1.3 0.13	1.4 ± 0.158 (1.2–1.6) 0.12 ± 0.021 (0.12–0.16)	2.77 ± 0.33(2.3–3.2) 0.23 ± 0.052(0.18–0.31)
Esophagus(E)	0.31	0.32 ± 0.025 (0.31–0.36)	0.46 ± 0.026 (0.42–0.50)
Tail (T) ABD	0.25 0.09	0.26 ± 0.020 (0.25–0.29) 0.088 ± 0.003 (0.084–0.92)	0.47 ± 0.023 (0.44–0.50) 0.12 ± 0.012 (0.10–0.14)
Vulva	-	-	1.67 ± 0.181 (1.40–1.91)
Spicule Gubernaculum	0.245 0.031	0.255 ± 0.007 (0.245–0.265) 0.036 ± 0.004 (0.031–0.042)	- -
a	10	11.1 ± 0.785 (10.0–11.6)	12.2 ± 1.39 (10.0–13.4)
b c	4.1 5.2	4.2 ± 0.158 (4.0–4.4) 5.18 ± 0.258 (4.8–5.5)	5.91 ± 0.415 (5.47–6.44) 5.8 ± 0.406 (5.2–6.4)
V	–	–	60.1 ± 1.32 (58–62)