Coleophora uliginosella Glitz, 1872

Koo, Jun-Mo & Cho, Soowon, 2024, Taxonomic revision of the family Coleophoridae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) in Korea, including seven newly recorded species of the genus Coleophora Hübner, Zootaxa 5558 (1), pp. 1-102 : 21-25

6. Coleophora uliginosella Glitz, 1872

[Korean name: deul-jjug-na-mu-tong-na-bang (newly named)]

( Figs 1G ; 2G ; 5A–D ; 7C, D )

Coleophora uliginosella Glitz, 1872: 23 . Type locality: Germany // [depository unconfirmed here]. Coleophora siccifolia uliginosella ; Barasch 1934: 35. Eupista uliginosella ; Toll 1953: 67. Systrophoeca uliginosella ; Anikin 2019: 73. Coleophora uliginosella ; Heinemann & Wocke 1876: 540; Spuler 1910: 392; Benander 1939: 52; Kanerva 1941: 121; Hackman

1945: 27; Hering 1957: 1096; Toll 1962: 613; Patzak 1974: 238; Vives 1988: 123; Razowski 1990: 48; Roweck & Savenkov

2002: 207; Baldizzone et al. 2006: 118; Huemer 2007: 24; Kusunoki & Oku 2009: 91; Jaroš & Spitzer 2013: 52; Oku 2013:

234.

Material examined. 1♂, “[[ NIBR specimen accession no.]] PCQAIN0000012023 [[=NIBRIN0001023353]] / KOREA. (CB) [[ Chungcheongbuk-do ]] Jecheon-si , Hansu- / myeon. / Jun Mo Koo, 27 May 2014 - 29 May / 2014 / [[line]] / NIBR // Coleophora uliginosella Glitz, 1872 / Det.: Jun Mo Koo, 06 Jul 2023 / [[line]] / NIBR ” // gen. slide no. KJM0296 // wings slide no. KJM0480 // COI barcode CBNU353 (GenBank accession no. PP229908) , in NIBR; 1♂, 1♀, “ Hodang-ri , Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, / Cheonan-si, CN [[ Chungcheongnam-do ]], KOREA / N36°52′26.36″ E127°14′28.50″ / May 20, 2023 Alt. 196 m / Coll. J. M. Koo, J. H. Na ” // gen. slide nos. KJM0461 (♂) & 0462 (♀) // wings slide nos. KJM0481 (♂) & 0482 (♀) // COI barcode nos. CBNU609 & 610 ( GenBank accession nos. PP229909, PP229910) // specimen accession nos. CBNUPM000214 & 000215, in CBNU .

Diagnosis. The species cannot be differentiated from the closely related C. siccifolia Stainton, 1856 based on characteristics in the male and female genitalia ( Hackman 1945; Jaroš & Spitzer 2013). However, it is distinguished by its smaller size compared to C. siccifolia , with a wingspan of about 9.0– 12.5 mm, while that of C. siccifolia is about 12.0–15.0 mm ( Spuler 1910: 392; Benander 1939: 51; Hackman 1945: 26; Jaroš & Spitzer 2013: 54).

Redescription. Adults of both sexes ( Fig. 1G ), forewing length 5.0–6.0 mm (wingspan 10.5–12.5 mm) (n=3) ( Spuler 1910: wingspan 10.0–12.0 mm; Benander 1939: wingspan 10.0 mm; Hackman 1945: wingspan 10.0–11.0 mm; Toll 1962: wingspan 9.0–11.0 mm; Kusunoki & Oku 2009: wingspan 11.0–12.0 mm; Jaroš & Spitzer 2013: wingspan 9.0–11.0 mm; Oku 2013: wingspan 11.0–12.0 mm).

Head: Vertex greyish-brown with metallic lustre; pale orange scales situated laterally. Postocular scales greyish-brown. Antenna about 0.8–0.9× shorter than the length of the forewing; scape+pedicel greyish-brown; flagellum covered with appressed scales, alternately ringed with greyish-brown and white. Second palpomere of labial palpus greyish-brown on the outer surface, and pale orange on the inner surface, about 1.5× longer than the length of the third palpomere; the latter greyish-brown on the outer surface, and pale orange on the inner surface. Proboscis covered with orange-white scales.

Thorax: Notum metallic greyish-brown with same-coloured tegula. Forewing metallic greyish-brown with same-coloured fringe; venation ( Fig. 2G ) with R 1 arising from the middle of the discal cell; distance between origins of R 1 and R 2 about the same length as that of R 2 and R 3; R 4+5 and M 1 stalked in about basal 1/5–3/10; distance between origins of M 1 and M 2+3 about the same length as that of M 2+3 and CuA 1+2; CuA 1+2 arising from the posterior corner of the discal cell; 1A+2A forked at about basal 3/10; discal cell open. Hindwing metallic greyish-brown with same-coloured fringe; frenulum with two acanthi fused distally into a single acanthus; costa slightly arched at the basal 3/10; venation ( Fig. 2G ) with near straight Rs; origin of M 1 slight remote from that of Rs; discal cell closed. Hind tibia greyish-brown on the outer surface, and brownish-grey on the inner surface; dorsal and ventral bristles greyish-brown; two pairs of spurs, one pair at the basal 3/5, other pair at the distal end. Hind tarsus greyish-brown with a pale orange end on the outer surface of each tarsomere, and brownish-grey on the inner surface.

Abdomen: Abdomen covered with greyish-brown scales; tergal disks glabrous. In the male ( Fig. 7C ), posterior lateral struts absent. Transverse strut slightly curved at the distal 1/10 on both sides; anterior and posterior edges sclerotized. Terga I–VII with two parallel tergal disks on each tergum; tergal disks of the tergum I without conical spines; tergal disks of the terga II–VII bearing conical spines; tergal disks of the terga II–VII elongated, about 3.9– 6.1× longer than each width; tergal disks of the terga I and II expanded and merged into one in a H-shape structure; anterior margins of the terga VII and VIII sclerotized. Sterna II–VII well-sclerotized; anterior margin of the sternum VIII sclerotized. In the female ( Fig. 7D ), posterior lateral struts absent. Terga I–VII with two parallel tergal disks bearing conical spines on each tergum; tergal disks of the tergum I without spines; tergal disks of the terga II–VII elongated, about 2.8–4.2× longer than each width; tergal disks of the terga I and II expanded and merged into one in a H-shape structure. Sterna II–VII well-sclerotized.

Male genitalia ( Figs 5A–C ): See also Hackman (1945: Fig. 12 ); Toll (1962: Pl. 4 M, Fig. 27 ); Kusunoki & Oku (2009: Fig. 8 ). Gnathos knob globular; basal arm of gnathos about 0.8× shorter than the median stem of tegumen, with setae in the distal half. Tegumen with dilated pedunculus bearing setae laterally; median stem of tegumen slightly elongated trapezoidal, about 1.2–1.5× longer than the pedunculus. Transtilla finger-shaped with rounded apex. Vinculum well-sclerotized. Valvula subtrapezoidal bearing setae evenly. Cucullus short thumb-shaped, setose evenly, not exceeding the distal process of the sacculus. The sacculus elongated, setose ventrally, terminating in a horn-like process; the process of sacculus curved upward with a pointed apex. Phallotheca conical, slightly curved, sclerotized dorsally and distally, about 1.8× longer than the median stem of tegumen, with rounded apex. Aedeagus membranous. Annulus indistinct. Longitudinal sclerite of outer tube absent. Vesica membranous with spine-like cornutus.

Female genitalia ( Fig. 5D ): See also Toll (1962: Pl. 4 W, Fig. 21 ); Kusunoki & Oku (2009: Fig. 13 ). Papillae anales elongated elliptical, setose. Apophyses posteriores 2.1× longer than the apophyses anteriores. Sterigma subtrapezoidal, about 1.9× wider than its length, setose along posterior margin and ostium bursae. Ostium bursae ovoidal, situated at the posterior 2/5 of sterigma. Colliculum bowl-shaped with membranous anterior tubular portion, about 0.5× shorter than the ductus bursae. Ductus bursae membranous, about 2.4× longer than the corpus bursae, with a weakly twisted posterior half. Ductus seminalis arising between colliculum and ductus bursae. Corpus bursae ovaloid; signum tubular with rounded apex, or thorn-shaped with pointed apex, well-sclerotized.

Larval case (leaf miner): Simple tubular leaf case. See Hering (1957: Fig. 710); Toll (1962: 30 S, Fig. 282); Kusunoki & Oku (2009: Figs 24–28 ).

Host plants. [ Ericaceae ] Vaccinium uliginosum L., Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench ( Falkovitsh 2006), and Rhododendron dauricum L. ( Kusunoki & Oku 2009; Oku 2013).

Biology. The larvae of this species are known to primarily mine the leaves of Vaccinium uliginosum L. in Europe, but in Japan ( Kusunoki & Oku 2009), they are known to exclusively mine the leaves of Rhododendron dauricum L. In Japan, according to observations in Asahikawa city (Tokiwa Park, Kaguraoka, and Kagura), Hokkaido by Kusunoki & Oku (2009), the first instars of larvae of C. uliginosella create their first larval case (about 1.5× 0.8 mm in size), using an elliptical part from the underside of the leaf (latent leaf part: about 1.5–1.8×1.0 mm in size). Subsequently, they commence feeding from the underside of the leaf. After a few days, they cut off another latent part of the leaf into an oblong shape, adding it to the basal part (mouth part) of the case (see Kusunoki & Oku 2009: Fig. 29 , where the case length extends to about 2.5 mm and two cut parts into an oblong shape are shown near the center). The larvae actively feed again, and after about 7–10 days, they transit to a new, simple larval case (see Kusunoki & Oku 2009: Fig. 24 , where the case length extends to about 4.0– 4.5 mm), differing in shape from the previous one. The new larval case is created using a cut leaf part, with one side cut even larger. The excess leaf part dries and folds back over time, forming a tube. After feeding, they create a new larval case (the final case), similar in shape to the previous one (see Kusunoki & Oku 2009: Fig. 25 , where the case length extends to about 7.5–9.0 mm). Afterwards, the colour of the final case turns greyish-brown, the larvae remain stationary on the branch for several days, during which they molt. They then feed actively, creating a large feeding trace (see Kusunoki & Oku 2009: Fig. 26 ). Upon reaching maturity (August to mid-September), they attach to the branch near their own feeding trace to overwinter. However, quite a few larvae were observed overwintering in the previous case of the final one (see Kusunoki & Oku 2009: Fig. 28 ). The larvae overwintering in the final case pupate and emerge in the spring of the following year. On the other hand, larvae overwintering in the previous case of the final one resume feeding from mid-May and move to the final case from late May to June. Some of them remain in the previous case of the final one for summer dormancy, create the final case for overwintering, and emerge in the spring of the third year. In the warmer Takizawa (Takizawa Comprehensive Park), Iwate, Honshu, the larvae grow enough to create the final larval case in the first year, entering the overwintering. Most of the larvae emerge in the following spring. The remaining larvae in the final case resume activity and move to the branch for a second overwintering. On the other hand, in the colder Shirogane Onsen, Biei Town, Hokkaido, the larvae with the final case and the previous one were observed in late autumn. Among them, the larvae with the final case pupate after overwintering, while the larvae with the previous case resume feeding from mid-spring, move to the final case between late May and June, and prepare for a secondary overwintering.

Distribution. Central and Northern Europe ( Patzak 1974; Baldizzone et al. 2006; Jaroš & Spitzer 2013) [ Kusunoki & Oku (2009) noted that the record in UK ( Patzak 1974) appears to be erroneous], Russia (Northern European part) ( Anikin 2019), Japan ( Kusunoki & Oku 2009; Oku 2013), Korea (new record).

Remarks. Kusunoki & Oku (2009) mentioned that limited observations in wild fields have led to uncertainties regarding the existence of individuals of the species undergoing approximately two years of development in their native habitat. However, their observations suggest that as the species migrates to warmer regions, there is an increase in the proportion of individuals undergoing annual development, indicating an adaptation of its life cycle to climate change. Furthermore, observations by Kanerva (1941) in Finland suggest that while the species is assumed to undergo two years of development, adults emerge every other year in this region, presenting a unique developmental pattern where the entire wild population matures simultaneously.

According to the national species list of Korea provided by NIBR (2019), all three known host species, V. uliginosum L., Ch. calyculata (L.) Moench, and R. dauricum L., are listed. Regarding distribution, data from GBIF (2024) and the plant data book for Korea, as provided by NIE (2017), indicate that R. dauricum L. is distributed in Chungcheongnam-do, where the two Korean specimens among the three examined here were collected. Although V. uliginosum L. and Ch. calyculata (L.) Moench are not mentioned in the data book, GBIF suggests that V. uliginosum L. is distributed in Gangwon-do and Jeju-do, where C. uliginosella has not been found yet. The exact distribution of Ch. calyculata (L.) Moench could not be determined in Korea. Given these findings, it is likely that the Korean population feeds on R. dauricum L., similar to the Japanese population.

In comparison with collection records in the neighbouring country, in Korea, specimens were collected in Chungcheongbuk-do (Jecheon: latitude N36°, altitude 220 m) and Chungcheongnam-do (Cheonan: latitude N36°, altitude 196 m), while in Japan, they were collected in Hokkaido (Yubetsu Town, near Saroma lake: latitude N44°, altitude 0–100 m; Kamikawa Town, Sounkyo: latitude N43°, altitude 700–2,000 m; Asahikawa City (Tokiwa Park, Kaguraoka, and Kagura): latitude N43°, altitude 100–150 m; Biei Town, Shirogane Onsen: latitude N43°, altitude 580–630 m) and northern Honshu (Iwate, Takizawa Comprehensive Park: latitude N39°, altitude 150–170 m). The altitudes for the Japanese locations are approximated by their minimum and maximum values. Kusunoki & Oku (2009) noted that R. dauricum L. does not grow naturally in northern Honshu, but the larvae of C. uliginosella found on planted individuals in green spaces of Honshu, suggesting that C. uliginosella was likely introduced from Hokkaido. Therefore, it is likely that the Korean population has similar ecological habits, such as undergoing two years of development, as the Honshu population that occurs in the close latitude and similar altitude.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Newly recorded Coleophora spp.Adult.A, Coleophora clypeiferella, CBNUPM000333 (female); B, C. kamchatica, CBNUPM000212 (male); C, C. lativittella, OONNIN0000015631 (female); D, C. levantis, OONNIN0000015632 (male); E, C. parthenica, CBNUPM000160 (male); F, C. parthenica, CBNUPM000161 (female); G, C. uliginosella, CBNUPM000214 (male); H, C. vacciniella, CBNUPM000385 (male).

FIGURE 2. Newly recorded Coleophora spp. Venation. A, Coleophora clypeiferella, with close-up of frenulum, slide no. KJM0369 (female, reversed left wings, CBNUPM000333); B, C. kamchatica, with close-up of frenulum, slide no. KJM0478 (male, CBNUPM000212); C, C.lativittella, frenulummissing, slideno.KJM0179(female,OONNIN0000015631);D,C.levantis, frenulum missing, slide no. KJM0178 (male, OONNIN0000015632); E, hindwing of C. levantis, with close-up of frenulum, slide no. KJM0479 (female); F, C. parthenica, with close-up of frenulum, slide no. KJM0484 (female, CBNUPM000161); G, C. uliginosella, with close-up of frenulum, slide no. KJM0482 (female, CBNUPM000215); H, C. vacciniella, with close-up of frenulum, slide no. KJM0483 (male, CBNUPM000385).

FIGURE 5. Newly recorded Coleophora spp. Genitalia. A, male genitalia of Coleophora uliginosella, slide no. KJM0461 (CBNUPM000214); B, phallus of male genitalia of C. uliginosella, with close-up of cornutus, slide no. KJM0461 (CBNUPM000214); C, phallus of male genitalia of C. uliginosella, with close-up of cornutus, slide no. KJM0296 (PCQAIN0000012023); D, female genitalia of C. uliginosella, with close-up of sterigma (top) and signum (bottom), slide no. KJM0462 (CBNUPM000215); E, male genitalia of C. vacciniella, with close-up of distal portion of sacculus, slide no. KJM0366 (CBNUPM000385); F, phallus of male genitalia of C. vacciniella, with close-up of cornuti (left) and spines forming a row in distal 1/3 (right), slide no. KJM0366 (CBNUPM000385).

FIGURE 7. Newly recorded Coleophora spp. Abdomen. A, male abdomen of Coleophora parthenica, slide no. KJM0476 (CBNUPM000160); B, female abdomen of C. parthenica, slide no. KJM0477 (CBNUPM000161); C, male abdomen of C. uliginosella, slide no. KJM0461 (CBNUPM000214); D, female abdomen of C. uliginosella, slide no. KJM0462 (CBNUPM000215); E, male abdomen of C. vacciniella, slide no. KJM0366 (CBNUPM000385).

FIGURE 8. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp. Adult. A, Coleophora adspersella, CBNUPM000378 (male); B, C. albicans, CBNUPM000000381 (male); C, C. cristata, CBNUPM000147 (male); D, C. elodella, CBNUPM000425 (male); E, C. falkovitshella, CBNUPM000229 (female); F, C. fasciella, CBNUPM000336 (male); G, C. flavovena, CBNUPM000097 (female); H, C. fuscocuprella, CBNUPM000023 (male).

FIGURE 21. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp. Abdomen. A, male abdomen of Coleophora adspersella, slide no. KJM0044 (CBNUPM000378); B, male abdomen of C. albicans, slide no. KJM0364 (CBNUPM000381); C, male abdomen of C. cristata, slide no. KJM0219 (CBNUPM000147); D, female abdomen of C. cristata, slide no. KJM0285 (CBNUPM000145); E, male abdomen of C. elodella, slide no. KJM0383 (CBNUPM000113); F, female abdomen of C. elodella, slide no. KJM0384 (CBNUPM000117); G, female abdomen of C. falkovitshella, slide no. KJM0342 (CBNUPM000229).

FIGURE 24. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp. Abdomen. A, female abdomen of Coleophora parki, slide no. KJM0531 (CBNUPM000395); B, male abdomen of C. quercicola, slide no. KJM0468 (CBNUPM000044); C, female abdomen of C. quercicola, slide no. KJM0198 (CBNUPM000003); D, male abdomen of C. serinipennella, slide no. KJM0277 (CBNUPM000026); E, female abdomen of C. serinipennella, slide no. KJM0278 (CBNUPM000027); F, male abdomen of C. silenella, slide no. KJM0348 (CBNUPM000055); G, female abdomen of C. silenella, slide no. KJM0349 (CBNUPM000060); H, male abdomen of C. sternipennella, slide no. KJM0530 (CBNUPM000394).

FIGURE 25. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp. Abdomen. A, female abdomen of Coleophora sternipennella, slide no. KJM0283 (CBNUPM000245); B, male abdomen of C. therinella, slide no. KJM0358 (CBNUPM000261); C, female abdomen of C. therinella, slide no. KJM0413 (in INU); D, male abdomen of C. versurella, slide no. KJM0280 (CBNUPM000362); E, female abdomen of C. versurella, slide no. KJM0470 (CBNUPM000365); F, male abdomen of C. vestianella, slide no. KJM0282 (CBNUPM000228); G, female abdomen of C. vestianella, slide no. KJM0532 (CBNUPM000396).

FIGURE 26. Larval tubular silken cases of C. adspersella and C. sternipennella, and their collection site. A, B, concrete walls where the two species were dormant (in May 2023); C, C. adspersella dormant on concrete wall; D, trivalved distal end of larval case of C. adspersella; E, larval case of C. adspersella, indicating lateral (top), dorsal (middle), and ventral (bottom) views; F, C. sternipennella dormant on concrete wall; G, trivalved distal end of larval case of C. sternipennella; H, larval case of C. sternipennella, indicating lateral (top), dorsal (middle), and ventral (bottom) views.

FIGURE 27. Ecological photographs of C. mayrella. A, field of white clover (Trifolium repens), which is a host plant; B, female ovipositing deep inside flower (on May 26th, 2023); C, egg (indicated by the black arrow) deposited between wings (composed of two middle petals) and keel (composed of two innermost petals) (on May 26th, 2023); D, egg (on May 26th, 2023); E, egg about to hatch (on May 30th, 2023); F, 1st instar larva (on May 30th, 2023); G, intact seed pod; H, damaged seed pod with close-up of hole penetrated by larva (top) and interior showing damaged inner wall, seed, and frass (bottom); I, close-up of hole penetrated by larva into seed; J, 2nd instar larva feeding on inside of seed (on June 1st, 2023); K–O, larval seed cases; P, Q, parasitoid, Tetrastichus sp., dorsal and lateral views, with close-up of submarginal vein showing the characteristic single seta of the genus (indicated by the red arrow).

FIGURE 28. Ecological photographs of C. serinipennella. A, field of white goosefoot (Chenopodium album), which is a host plant; B–D, stem with galls (cecidia, indicated by red arrows), with close-up of larva feeding inside galls (on July 8th, 2024); E, larva.

FIGURE 29. Ecological photographs of C. serinipennella (eclosed on August 1st, 2024). A, intact stem gall; B, stem gall cut laterally showing cocoon with pupa inside; C, closed exit hole; D, open exit hole; E, pupal exuvia, indicating dorsal (left), lateral (middle), and ventral (right) views.

FIGURE12. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp.Venation.A, Coleophora montaniella, slideno.KJM0492 (male, CBNUPM000126); B, C. obducta, slide no. KJM0502 (male, CBNUPM000203); C, C. parki, slide no. KJM0541 (female, CBNUPM000395); D, C. quercicola, slide no. KJM0166 (female, CBNUPM000008); E, C. serinipennella, slide no. KJM0339 (female, CBNUPM000027); F, C. silenella, slide no. KJM0485 (male, CBNUPM000051); G, C. sternipennella, slide no. KJM0514 (female, CBNUPM000245); H, C. therinella, slide no. KJM0515 (male, CBNUPM000261); I, C. versurella, slide no. KJM0518 (female, CBNUPM000347); J, C. vestianella, slide no. KJM0507 (male, CBNUPM000228).

FIGURE13.ReconfirmedColeophoraspp.Malegenitalia.A,B,Coleophoraadspersella,slideno.KJM0044(CBNUPM000378); C, D, C. albicans, slide no. KJM0364 (CBNUPM000381); E, F, C. cristata, slide no. KJM0219 (CBNUPM000147); G, H, C. elodella, slide no. KJM0383 (CBNUPM000113); I, J, C. fasciella, slide no. KJM0284 (CBNUPM000334).