Coleophora fuscocuprella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855

Koo, Jun-Mo & Cho, Soowon, 2024, Taxonomic revision of the family Coleophoridae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) in Korea, including seven newly recorded species of the genus Coleophora Hübner, Zootaxa 5558 (1), pp. 1-102 : 49-50

15. Coleophora fuscocuprella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855

(Korean name: gu-li-bich-tong-na-bang)

( Figs 8H ; 11H ; 14C, D ; 22E )

Coleophora fuscociliella ; Stainton 1850: 25, nec Zeller, 1849 [misidentification].

Coleophora fuscocuprella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855: 230 . Type locality: Germany, Regensburg // [ Baldizzone (2019) stated that there are no original specimens to designate a lectotype at the NHMUK, nor at the ZMUB].

Eupista fuscocuprella ; Toll 1953: 75.

Quadratia fuscocuprella ; Lelej 2016: 97; Anikin 2019: 72.

Coleophora fuscocuprella ; Spuler 1910: 393; Schütze 1931: 59; Benander 1939: 58; Hackman 1945: 33; Hering 1957: 172; Toll 1962: 620; Patzak 1974: 239; Vives 1988: 77; Kuchlein 1993: 213; Emmet et al. 1996: 228; De Prins 2003: 88; Baldizzone et al. 2006: 58; Buschmann & Richter 2015: 32; Buschmann & Richter 2016: 58; Baldizzone 2019: 89; Koo & Cho 2022: 438 ; Buschmann 2023: 104.

Material examined. 1♂, “KNU [[Kangwon National University]], Chuncheon, / GW [[Gangwon-do]]. 2.V.2003 / H.L.Han ” // wings slide no. KJM0209 // gen. slide no. KJM0189 // specimen accession no. CBNUPM000023, in CBNU; 1♂, “ Hansu-myeon , Jecheon-si, CB [[ Chungcheongbuk-do ]], / Korea / N36°51′58.36″ E128°05′13.92″ / May 21-22, 2015 Alt. 220m / Coll. J. M. Koo ” // gen. slide no. KJM0233 // specimen accession no. CBNUPM000024, in CBNU .

Diagnosis. The species exhibits peculiar genital characteristics, such as a greatly expanded valvula and a small rhomboid sacculus in the male genitalia, as well as a cup-shaped colliculum featuring widely sclerotized lateral sides and a thin median lamina in the female genitalia. However, this species appears to be related to C. plumbella Kanerva, 1941 in that it shares bronzy brown to greyish-brown wings in the adult, a greatly expanded valvula, a small cucullus, the phallotheca with sharp teeth forming a line, and a bundle of cornuti in the male genitalia, as well as the ductus bursae with a fine stippling section, and the corpus bursae featuring a large leaf-like signum in the female genitalia. Nonetheless, it can be clearly distinguished from C. plumbella by the following characteristics: 1) the adult of C. fuscocuprella has a flagellum exhibiting basal half thickened by dark bronzy brown scales, transitioning to alternating brown and white rings distally, while C. plumbella (see Richter 2022) has an alternately ringed flagellum with brown and white; 2) in the male genitalia of C. fuscocuprella , a small rhomboid sacculus is present, while in C. plumbella (see Richter 2022), a subtriangular sacculus terminating into a pointed and upturned thorn-like distal portion is present; 3) in the female genitalia of C. fuscocuprella (see Baldizzone 2019: Pl. GF X, Fig. 28 ), the apophyses anteriores, about 0.5× shorter than the apophyses posteriores, a stout spinulate section in the posterior 1/6 of the ductus bursae are present, while in C. plumbella (see Richter 2022), a much shorter apophyses anteriores, about 0.3× shorter than the apophyses posteriores, a much slenderer and longer spinulate section in the posterior 1/3 of the ductus bursae are present.

Adult ( Figs 8H ; 11H ): Forewing length 4.0– 4.5 mm (wingspan 8.5–9.0 mm) (n=2) ( Benander 1939: wingspan 9.0–10.0 mm; Toll 1953: wingspan 9.0–10.0 mm; Baldizzone 2019: wingspan 7.5–10.0 mm). See also De Prins (2003: Fig. 4 ); Baldizzone (2019: Pl. AD V, Fig. 27 ); Koo & Cho (2022: Figs 5A–H ).

Male genitalia ( Figs 14C, D ; 22E ): See also Hackman (1945: Fig. 29 ); Toll (1962: Pl. 6 M, Fig. 40); Patzak (1974: Fig. 120); Baldizzone (2019: Pl. GM IX, Fig. 26 ); Koo & Cho (2022: Figs 6A –D').

Female genitalia: See Hackman (1945: Fig. 56); Toll (1962: Pl. 5 W, Fig. 31); Patzak (1974: Fig. 254); Baldizzone (2019: Pl. GF X, Fig. 28 ).

Larval case (leaf miner): Lobe case. See Benander (1939: Pl. VIII, Fig. 21 ); Hering (1957: Fig. 115); Toll (1962: Pl. 21 S, Fig. 212); Patzak (1974: Fig. 34); Baldizzone (2019: Pl. AST IV, Fig. 25 ).

Host plants. [ Betulaceae ] Corylus L. ( Cor . avellana L.), Carpinus L. ( Ca. betulus L.), Betula L. ( B. pubescens Ehrh. ), Alnus Mill. ; [ Rosaceae ] Cerasus Mill. (Ce. betulus L.) ( Kuchlein 1993; Emmet et al. 1996; De Prins 2003; Falkovitsh 2006; Baldizzone 2019). Falkovitsh (2006) also listed Cerasus Mill. , but noted that these raise doubts about the relationship with C. fuscocuprella .

Distribution. Almost all of Europe, Russia (Western and Southern European part, Western Siberia, Far East) ( Baldizzone et al. 2006; Anikin 2019; Baldizzone 2019), Korea ( Koo & Cho 2022).

Remarks. The species was first reported from Korea by Koo & Cho (2022).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Newly recorded Coleophora spp. Genitalia. A, male genitalia of Coleophora levantis, with close-up of sacculus, slide no. KJM0091 (OONNIN0000015632); B, male genitalia of C. levantis before slide preparation of A; C, phallus of male genitalia of C. levantis, with close-up of cornutus, slide no. KJM0091 (OONNIN0000015632); D, female genitalia of C. levantis, with close-up of sterigma+colliculum (left) and signum (right), slide no. KJM0420 (in INU); E, male genitalia of C. parthenica, slide no. KJM0476 (CBNUPM000160); F, phallus of male genitalia of C. parthenica, slide no. KJM0476 (CBNUPM000160); G, phallus of male genitalia of C. parthenica, slide no. KJM0121 (CBNUPM000018); H, female genitalia of C. parthenica, with close-up of sterigma+colliculum (top) and signum (bottom), slide no. KJM0477 (CBNUPM000161).

FIGURE 5. Newly recorded Coleophora spp. Genitalia. A, male genitalia of Coleophora uliginosella, slide no. KJM0461 (CBNUPM000214); B, phallus of male genitalia of C. uliginosella, with close-up of cornutus, slide no. KJM0461 (CBNUPM000214); C, phallus of male genitalia of C. uliginosella, with close-up of cornutus, slide no. KJM0296 (PCQAIN0000012023); D, female genitalia of C. uliginosella, with close-up of sterigma (top) and signum (bottom), slide no. KJM0462 (CBNUPM000215); E, male genitalia of C. vacciniella, with close-up of distal portion of sacculus, slide no. KJM0366 (CBNUPM000385); F, phallus of male genitalia of C. vacciniella, with close-up of cornuti (left) and spines forming a row in distal 1/3 (right), slide no. KJM0366 (CBNUPM000385).

FIGURE 6. Newly recorded Coleophora spp. Abdomen. A, female abdomen of Coleophora clypeiferella, slide no. KJM0228 (CBNUPM000333); B, male abdomen of C. kamchatica, slide no. KJM0157 (CBNUPM000212); C, female abdomen of C. lativittella, slide no. KJM0088 (OONNIN0000015631); D, male abdomen of C. levantis, slide no. KJM0091 (OONNIN0000015632); E, female abdomen of C. levantis, slide no. KJM0420 (in INU).

FIGURE 8. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp. Adult. A, Coleophora adspersella, CBNUPM000378 (male); B, C. albicans, CBNUPM000000381 (male); C, C. cristata, CBNUPM000147 (male); D, C. elodella, CBNUPM000425 (male); E, C. falkovitshella, CBNUPM000229 (female); F, C. fasciella, CBNUPM000336 (male); G, C. flavovena, CBNUPM000097 (female); H, C. fuscocuprella, CBNUPM000023 (male).

FIGURE 11. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp.Venation.A, Coleophora adspersella, slide no. KJM0381 (male, CBNUPM000378); B, C. albicans, slide no. KJM0519 (male, CBNUPM000381); C, C. cristata, slide no. KJM0494 (female, CBNUPM000145); D, C. elodella, slide no. KJM0489 (male, CBNUPM000121); E, C. falkovitshella, slide no. KJM0508 (female, CBNUPM000229); F, C. fasciella, slide no. KJM0517 (male, holotype, CBNUPM000337); G, C. flavovena, slide no. KJM0487 (female, CBNUPM000098); H, C. fuscocuprella, slide no. KJM0209 (male, reversed left wings, CBNUPM000023); I, C. honshuella, slide no. KJM0165 (female, CBNUPM000104); J, C. kononenkoi, slide no. KJM0506 (male, CBNUPM000224); K, C. mayrella, slide no. KJM0516 (female, CBNUPM000290); L, C. melanograpta, slide no. KJM0486 (male, CBNUPM000090).

FIGURE 14. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp. Male genitalia.A, B, Coleophora flavovena, slide no. KJM0411 (in INU); C, D, C. fuscocuprella, slide no. KJM0233 (CBNUPM000024); E, F, C. honshuella, slide no. KJM0224 (CBNUPM000106); G, H, C. kononenkoi, slide no. KJM0293 (CBNUPM000224); I, J, C. mayrella, slide no. KJM0048 (CBNUPM000289).

FIGURE 21. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp. Abdomen. A, male abdomen of Coleophora adspersella, slide no. KJM0044 (CBNUPM000378); B, male abdomen of C. albicans, slide no. KJM0364 (CBNUPM000381); C, male abdomen of C. cristata, slide no. KJM0219 (CBNUPM000147); D, female abdomen of C. cristata, slide no. KJM0285 (CBNUPM000145); E, male abdomen of C. elodella, slide no. KJM0383 (CBNUPM000113); F, female abdomen of C. elodella, slide no. KJM0384 (CBNUPM000117); G, female abdomen of C. falkovitshella, slide no. KJM0342 (CBNUPM000229).

FIGURE 22. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp. Abdomen. A, male abdomen of Coleophora fasciella, slide no. KJM0284 (CBNUPM000334); B, female abdomen of C. fasciella, slide no. KJM0286 (CBNUPM000335); C, male abdomen of C. flavovena, slide no. KJM0411 (in INU); D, female abdomen of C. flavovena, slide no. KJM0397 (in KNA); E, male abdomen of C. fuscocuprella, slide no. KJM0233 (CBNUPM000024); F, male abdomen of C. honshuella, slide no. KJM0224 (CBNUPM000106); G, female abdomen of C. honshuella, slide no. KJM0161 (CBNUPM000104); H, male abdomen of C. kononenkoi, slide no. KJM0402 (in KNA).

FIGURE 25. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp. Abdomen. A, female abdomen of Coleophora sternipennella, slide no. KJM0283 (CBNUPM000245); B, male abdomen of C. therinella, slide no. KJM0358 (CBNUPM000261); C, female abdomen of C. therinella, slide no. KJM0413 (in INU); D, male abdomen of C. versurella, slide no. KJM0280 (CBNUPM000362); E, female abdomen of C. versurella, slide no. KJM0470 (CBNUPM000365); F, male abdomen of C. vestianella, slide no. KJM0282 (CBNUPM000228); G, female abdomen of C. vestianella, slide no. KJM0532 (CBNUPM000396).

FIGURE 26. Larval tubular silken cases of C. adspersella and C. sternipennella, and their collection site. A, B, concrete walls where the two species were dormant (in May 2023); C, C. adspersella dormant on concrete wall; D, trivalved distal end of larval case of C. adspersella; E, larval case of C. adspersella, indicating lateral (top), dorsal (middle), and ventral (bottom) views; F, C. sternipennella dormant on concrete wall; G, trivalved distal end of larval case of C. sternipennella; H, larval case of C. sternipennella, indicating lateral (top), dorsal (middle), and ventral (bottom) views.

FIGURE 27. Ecological photographs of C. mayrella. A, field of white clover (Trifolium repens), which is a host plant; B, female ovipositing deep inside flower (on May 26th, 2023); C, egg (indicated by the black arrow) deposited between wings (composed of two middle petals) and keel (composed of two innermost petals) (on May 26th, 2023); D, egg (on May 26th, 2023); E, egg about to hatch (on May 30th, 2023); F, 1st instar larva (on May 30th, 2023); G, intact seed pod; H, damaged seed pod with close-up of hole penetrated by larva (top) and interior showing damaged inner wall, seed, and frass (bottom); I, close-up of hole penetrated by larva into seed; J, 2nd instar larva feeding on inside of seed (on June 1st, 2023); K–O, larval seed cases; P, Q, parasitoid, Tetrastichus sp., dorsal and lateral views, with close-up of submarginal vein showing the characteristic single seta of the genus (indicated by the red arrow).

FIGURE 28. Ecological photographs of C. serinipennella. A, field of white goosefoot (Chenopodium album), which is a host plant; B–D, stem with galls (cecidia, indicated by red arrows), with close-up of larva feeding inside galls (on July 8th, 2024); E, larva.

FIGURE 29. Ecological photographs of C. serinipennella (eclosed on August 1st, 2024). A, intact stem gall; B, stem gall cut laterally showing cocoon with pupa inside; C, closed exit hole; D, open exit hole; E, pupal exuvia, indicating dorsal (left), lateral (middle), and ventral (right) views.