Coleophora silenella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855

Koo, Jun-Mo & Cho, Soowon, 2024, Taxonomic revision of the family Coleophoridae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) in Korea, including seven newly recorded species of the genus Coleophora Hübner, Zootaxa 5558 (1), pp. 1-102 : 73-77

35. Coleophora silenella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855

(Korean name: keun-nal-gae-tong-na-bang)

( Figs 10B ; 12F ; 16A, B ; 19D ; 24F, G )

Coleophora silenella Herrich-Schäffer, 1855: 227 , 252. Type locality: Germania, Frankfurt-am-Main [now Germany,

Frankfurt am Main] // [ Patzak (1976) and Baldizzone (2019) confirmed that there are no original specimens to designate a lectotype]. Coleophora ciconiella ; auctorum, nec Zeller, 1849 [misidentifications]. Patzakia dragusanii Nemeş, 2004: 48 . Type locality: Romania, Șendreni. Eupista silenella ; Toll 1953: 220. Casignetella silenella ; Anikin & Falkovitsh 1997: 307; Anikin 2019: 83; Anikin 2021: 326. Coleophora sp. nov.?; Patzak 1969: Figs 4–6 , 8 . Coleophora sp. 13; Oku 2003: 49. Coleophora silenella ; Spuler 1910: 402; Schütze 1931: 89; Benander 1939: 84; Hackman 1945: 50; Toll 1962: Pl. 6 S, Figs 72,

73; Patzak 1969: Figs 3 , 7 ; Patzak 1974: 271; Patzak 1976: 160; Baldizzone 1979a: 63; Baldizzone 1982d: 414; Vives 1988:

114; Baldizzone 1992: 315; Falkovitsh et al. 1997: 316; Baldizzone & Wolf 2000: 411; Baldizzone & Savenkov 2002: 382; Baldizzone et al. 2006: 106; Kim & Park 2009: 191; Kusunoki & Oku 2012: 83; Park 2014: 56; Buschmann & Richter 2016: 153; Baldizzone 2019: 554; Buschmann 2023: 119.

Coleophora sitenetla [sic, recte silenella ]; Park & Baldizzone 1992: 523.

Material examined. 1♂, “ Mt. Jeombong , san / GW [[ Gangwon-do ]], 10.VIII.1992 / K. T. Park // Nat, Arb. 2001 DB // Voucher specimem [[specimen]] K.T.Park ” // gen. slide no. KJM0400, deposited in KNA ; 1♂, “ Gangwon [[ Gangwon-do ]] Pyeongchang Hail-ri [[in Korean ]] / Baegdeogsan [[ Mt. ]] [[in Korean ]] / 2002. VIII. 13 / Sohn Jae Cheon [[in Korean]] / NSERI, Korea ” // gen. slide no. KJM0365 // specimen accession no. CBNUPM000046, in CBNU ; 1♂, “ KOREA [ GW] [[ Gangwon-do ]] / Samcheok-si / Wondeok-eup / Imwon-ri / 30. VIII. 2008 / Chae & Kim ” // gen. slide no. KJM0410, deposited in INU ; 1♂, “ KOREA [ GW] [[ Gangwon-do ]] / Chunseon-si Deokduwon / Forest Trail 26.VIII.2014 / Ju Y.D., Na S.M., Lee D.J. / N37°51′27.48″ E127°38′26.05″ ” // gen. slide no. KJM0409, deposited in INU ; 1♂, “ KOREA [ GW] [[ Gangwon-do ]] / Inje-gun Mt. Daeam-san / 27.VIII.2014 Ju Y.D., / Na S.M., Lee D.J. / N38°13′36.8″ E128°09′32.9″ ” // gen. slide no. KJM0403, deposited in INU ; 1♂, “ KOREA [ GG] [[ Gyeonggi-do ]] / Yangpyeong-gun Jipyeong-myeon Wolsan-ri [[in Korean ]] / Wolsan Reservoir [[in Korean ]] / 31. VIII. 2017 / 37.474212, 127.649640 / Paek Munki leg.” // gen. slide no. KJM0057 // COI barcode no. CBNU170 // specimen accession no. CBNUPM000047, in CBNU; 1♂, “ Daemun-li , Baekgok-myeon, / Jincheon-gun, CB [[ Chungcheongbuk-do ]], KOREA / N36°50′51.54″ E127°20′52.49″ / Sep 5, 2017 Alt. 291m / Coll. J. M. Koo ” // wings slide no. KJM0526 // gen. slide no. KJM0036 // COI barcode no. CBNU207 // specimen accession no. CBNUPM000048, in CBNU; 1ex, “ Wondang-ri , Dong-myeon, / Yanggu-gun, GW [[ Gangwon-do ]], KOREA / N38°11′30.61″ E128°4′37.25″ / Sep 7, 2017 Alt. 435m / Coll. E. J. Lim ” // COI barcode no. CBNU433 // specimen accession no. CBNUPM000049, in CBNU; 4♂, 3ex, “ Eo-ri , Hajang-myeon , Samcheok-si, / GW [[ Gangwon-do ]], KOREA / N37°17′12.0″ E128°56′10.6″ / Aug 12, 2018 Alt. 940m / Coll. E. J. Lim ” // wings slide no. KJM0485 // gen. slide nos. KJM0345–0348 // COI barcode nos. CBNU407–409 , 414 , 415 , 417 , 418 // specimen accession nos. CBNUPM000050–000056, in CBNU; 1♂, 4♀, 2ex, “ Gapcheon-ri , Cheongil-myeon, / Hoengseong-gun, GW [[ Gangwon-do ]], KOREA / N37°33′49.38″ E128°9′25.10″ / Aug 22, 2021 Alt. 287m / Coll. E. J. Lim ” // head/legs slide no. KJM0524 (♂), head slide no. KJM0525 (♀) // gen. slide nos. KJM0343 (♀), 0344 (♀), 0349 (♀) // specimen accession nos. CBNUPM000057–000063, in CBNU .

Diagnosis. The species shares external and genital characteristics with C. graminicolella Heinemann, 1876 , and C. nutantella Mühlig & Frey, 1857 . However, it can be distinguished from the latter by the following female genital characteristics: in those of C. silenella ( Fig. 19D ), the colliculum with a narrow V-shaped concavity at the posterior margin, and the anterior sclerotized part of the colliculum longer than the length of the sterigma are present, while in C. graminicolella (see Baldizzone 2019: Pl. GF LXXXVII, Fig. 259) and C. nutantella (see Baldizzone 2019: Pl. GF LXXXVII, Fig. 260), female genitalia possess the colliculum with a wider V-shaped concavity at the posterior margin, and the anterior sclerotized part of the colliculum, which is nearly the same length ( C. graminicolella ) or shorter ( C. nutantella ) than the length of the sterigma.

Adult ( Figs 10B ; 12F ): Forewing length 4.5–7.0 mm (wingspan 11.5–15.0 mm) (n=22) ( Benander 1939: wingspan 15.0–17.0 mm; Toll 1953: wingspan 14.5–19.0 mm; Baldizzone 2019: wingspan 14.0–17.0 mm). See also Kim & Park (2009: Fig. 20 ); Kusunoki & Oku (2012: Fig. 1 ); Park (2014: Pl. for adults, Fig. 24 ); Baldizzone (2019: Pl. AD XLVI, Fig. 268).

Male genitalia ( Figs 16A, B ; 24F ): See also Benander (1939: Pl. IV, Fig. 55); Hackman (1945: Fig. 110); Toll (1953: Fig. 157); Patzak (1969: Fig. 3 ; Figs 4–6 : C. sp. nov.?; Fig. 7 ; Fig. 8 : C. sp. nov.?); Patzak (1974: Fig. 228); Patzak (1976: Figs 3a–c ); Park & Baldizzone (1992: Figs 11, 11a ); Baldizzone & Savenkov (2002: Fig. 51); Kim & Park (2009: Figs 42–42b); Kusunoki & Oku (2012: Fig. 26 ); Park (2014: Figs 24A–D ); Baldizzone (2019: Pl. GM LXXXIII, Fig. 262).

Female genitalia ( Figs 19D ; 24G ): See also Benander (1939: Pl. VII, Fig. 100); Hackman (1945: Fig. 153); Toll (1953: Fig. 310); Patzak (1974: Fig. 355); Patzak (1976: Fig. 7 ); Park & Baldizzone (1992: Figs 21, 21c ); Baldizzone & Savenkov (2002: Figs 52, 53); Kim & Park (2009: Fig. 61); Kusunoki & Oku (2012: Fig. 29 ); Park (2014: Fig. 24F ); Baldizzone (2019: Pl. GF LXXXVI, Fig. 258).

Larval case (seed miner): Tubular silken case (trivalved). See Toll (1962: Pl. 6 S, Figs 72, 73); Patzak (1974: Fig. 11 ); Patzak (1976: Fig. 11 ); Kusunoki & Oku (2012: Figs 3 , 4 : larva; Figs 5–8 : larval case); Baldizzone (2019: Pl. AST XXXI, Fig. 233).

Host plants. [ Caryophyllaceae ] Silene otites (L.) Wibel, S. densiflora d'Urv. , S. nutans L., S. behen L. (recorded as Oberna behen (L.) Ikonn.), S. italica (L.) Pers., S. vulgaris (Moench) Garcke , S. flos-cuculi (L.) Greuter & Burdet (recorded as Lychnis flos-cuculi L.), Viscaria vulgaris Röhl. (some recorded as L. viscaria L.), and Dianthus superbus L. ( Baldizzone 1979a; Falkovitsh 2006; Baldizzone 2019).

Distribution. Almost all of Europe, Russia (European part, Southern Siberia, Far East), Turkey, Iran, Korea, Japan, China ( Kim & Park 2009; Park 2014; Anikin 2019; Baldizzone 2019).

Remarks. The species was first reported from Korea by Park & Baldizzone (1992).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Newly recorded Coleophora spp.Adult.A, Coleophora clypeiferella, CBNUPM000333 (female); B, C. kamchatica, CBNUPM000212 (male); C, C. lativittella, OONNIN0000015631 (female); D, C. levantis, OONNIN0000015632 (male); E, C. parthenica, CBNUPM000160 (male); F, C. parthenica, CBNUPM000161 (female); G, C. uliginosella, CBNUPM000214 (male); H, C. vacciniella, CBNUPM000385 (male).

FIGURE 3. Newly recorded Coleophora spp. Genitalia. A, female genitalia of Coleophora clypeiferella, with closeup of sterigma+colliculum (top), posterior portion of ductus bursae (middle), and signum (bottom), slide no. KJM0228 (CBNUPM000333); B, male genitalia of C. kamchatica, with close-up of transtilla bearing small spines (left) and distal portion of sacculus (right), slide no. KJM0157 (CBNUPM000212); C, phallus of male genitalia of C. kamchatica, with close-up of dorsal view of juxtal rods (left) and cornuti (right), slide no. KJM0157 (CBNUPM000212); D, female genitalia of C. lativittella, with close-up of sterigma+colliculum (top), posterior portion of ductus bursae (middle), and signum (bottom), slide no. KJM0088 (OONNIN0000015631).

FIGURE 4. Newly recorded Coleophora spp. Genitalia. A, male genitalia of Coleophora levantis, with close-up of sacculus, slide no. KJM0091 (OONNIN0000015632); B, male genitalia of C. levantis before slide preparation of A; C, phallus of male genitalia of C. levantis, with close-up of cornutus, slide no. KJM0091 (OONNIN0000015632); D, female genitalia of C. levantis, with close-up of sterigma+colliculum (left) and signum (right), slide no. KJM0420 (in INU); E, male genitalia of C. parthenica, slide no. KJM0476 (CBNUPM000160); F, phallus of male genitalia of C. parthenica, slide no. KJM0476 (CBNUPM000160); G, phallus of male genitalia of C. parthenica, slide no. KJM0121 (CBNUPM000018); H, female genitalia of C. parthenica, with close-up of sterigma+colliculum (top) and signum (bottom), slide no. KJM0477 (CBNUPM000161).

FIGURE 5. Newly recorded Coleophora spp. Genitalia. A, male genitalia of Coleophora uliginosella, slide no. KJM0461 (CBNUPM000214); B, phallus of male genitalia of C. uliginosella, with close-up of cornutus, slide no. KJM0461 (CBNUPM000214); C, phallus of male genitalia of C. uliginosella, with close-up of cornutus, slide no. KJM0296 (PCQAIN0000012023); D, female genitalia of C. uliginosella, with close-up of sterigma (top) and signum (bottom), slide no. KJM0462 (CBNUPM000215); E, male genitalia of C. vacciniella, with close-up of distal portion of sacculus, slide no. KJM0366 (CBNUPM000385); F, phallus of male genitalia of C. vacciniella, with close-up of cornuti (left) and spines forming a row in distal 1/3 (right), slide no. KJM0366 (CBNUPM000385).

FIGURE 6. Newly recorded Coleophora spp. Abdomen. A, female abdomen of Coleophora clypeiferella, slide no. KJM0228 (CBNUPM000333); B, male abdomen of C. kamchatica, slide no. KJM0157 (CBNUPM000212); C, female abdomen of C. lativittella, slide no. KJM0088 (OONNIN0000015631); D, male abdomen of C. levantis, slide no. KJM0091 (OONNIN0000015632); E, female abdomen of C. levantis, slide no. KJM0420 (in INU).

FIGURE 7. Newly recorded Coleophora spp. Abdomen. A, male abdomen of Coleophora parthenica, slide no. KJM0476 (CBNUPM000160); B, female abdomen of C. parthenica, slide no. KJM0477 (CBNUPM000161); C, male abdomen of C. uliginosella, slide no. KJM0461 (CBNUPM000214); D, female abdomen of C. uliginosella, slide no. KJM0462 (CBNUPM000215); E, male abdomen of C. vacciniella, slide no. KJM0366 (CBNUPM000385).

FIGURE 8. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp. Adult. A, Coleophora adspersella, CBNUPM000378 (male); B, C. albicans, CBNUPM000000381 (male); C, C. cristata, CBNUPM000147 (male); D, C. elodella, CBNUPM000425 (male); E, C. falkovitshella, CBNUPM000229 (female); F, C. fasciella, CBNUPM000336 (male); G, C. flavovena, CBNUPM000097 (female); H, C. fuscocuprella, CBNUPM000023 (male).

FIGURE 10. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp. Adult. A, Coleophora serinipennella, CBNUPM000373 (male); B, C. silenella, CBNUPM000052 (male); C, C. sternipennella, CBNUPM000247 (female); D, C. therinella, CBNUPM000259 (male); E, C. versurella, CBNUPM000358 (male); F, C. vestianella, CBNUPM000396 (female).

FIGURE 11. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp.Venation.A, Coleophora adspersella, slide no. KJM0381 (male, CBNUPM000378); B, C. albicans, slide no. KJM0519 (male, CBNUPM000381); C, C. cristata, slide no. KJM0494 (female, CBNUPM000145); D, C. elodella, slide no. KJM0489 (male, CBNUPM000121); E, C. falkovitshella, slide no. KJM0508 (female, CBNUPM000229); F, C. fasciella, slide no. KJM0517 (male, holotype, CBNUPM000337); G, C. flavovena, slide no. KJM0487 (female, CBNUPM000098); H, C. fuscocuprella, slide no. KJM0209 (male, reversed left wings, CBNUPM000023); I, C. honshuella, slide no. KJM0165 (female, CBNUPM000104); J, C. kononenkoi, slide no. KJM0506 (male, CBNUPM000224); K, C. mayrella, slide no. KJM0516 (female, CBNUPM000290); L, C. melanograpta, slide no. KJM0486 (male, CBNUPM000090).

FIGURE 16. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp. Male genitalia.A, B, Coleophora silenella, slide no. KJM0348 (CBNUPM000055); C, D, C. sternipennella, slide no. KJM0530 (CBNUPM000394); E, F, C. therinella, slide no. KJM0357 (CBNUPM000259); G, H, C. versurella, slide no. KJM0280 (CBNUPM000362); I, J, C. vestianella, slide no. KJM0100 (CBNUPM000226).

FIGURE 19. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp. Female genitalia (all photographed in dorsal view). A, Coleophora parki, slide no. KJM0531 (CBNUPM000395); B, C. quercicola, slide no. KJM0198 (CBNUPM000003); C, C. serinipennella, slide no. KJM0278 (CBNUPM000027); D, C. silenella, slide no. KJM0343 (CBNUPM000057); E, C. sternipennella, slide no. KJM0283 (CBNUPM000245).

FIGURE 20. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp. Female genitalia (all photographed in dorsal view). A, Coleophora therinella, slide no. KJM0361 (CBNUPM000265); B, C. versurella, slide no. KJM0470 (CBNUPM000365); C, C. vestianella, slide no. KJM0532 (CBNUPM000396).

FIGURE 21. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp. Abdomen. A, male abdomen of Coleophora adspersella, slide no. KJM0044 (CBNUPM000378); B, male abdomen of C. albicans, slide no. KJM0364 (CBNUPM000381); C, male abdomen of C. cristata, slide no. KJM0219 (CBNUPM000147); D, female abdomen of C. cristata, slide no. KJM0285 (CBNUPM000145); E, male abdomen of C. elodella, slide no. KJM0383 (CBNUPM000113); F, female abdomen of C. elodella, slide no. KJM0384 (CBNUPM000117); G, female abdomen of C. falkovitshella, slide no. KJM0342 (CBNUPM000229).

FIGURE 24. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp. Abdomen. A, female abdomen of Coleophora parki, slide no. KJM0531 (CBNUPM000395); B, male abdomen of C. quercicola, slide no. KJM0468 (CBNUPM000044); C, female abdomen of C. quercicola, slide no. KJM0198 (CBNUPM000003); D, male abdomen of C. serinipennella, slide no. KJM0277 (CBNUPM000026); E, female abdomen of C. serinipennella, slide no. KJM0278 (CBNUPM000027); F, male abdomen of C. silenella, slide no. KJM0348 (CBNUPM000055); G, female abdomen of C. silenella, slide no. KJM0349 (CBNUPM000060); H, male abdomen of C. sternipennella, slide no. KJM0530 (CBNUPM000394).

FIGURE 26. Larval tubular silken cases of C. adspersella and C. sternipennella, and their collection site. A, B, concrete walls where the two species were dormant (in May 2023); C, C. adspersella dormant on concrete wall; D, trivalved distal end of larval case of C. adspersella; E, larval case of C. adspersella, indicating lateral (top), dorsal (middle), and ventral (bottom) views; F, C. sternipennella dormant on concrete wall; G, trivalved distal end of larval case of C. sternipennella; H, larval case of C. sternipennella, indicating lateral (top), dorsal (middle), and ventral (bottom) views.

FIGURE 29. Ecological photographs of C. serinipennella (eclosed on August 1st, 2024). A, intact stem gall; B, stem gall cut laterally showing cocoon with pupa inside; C, closed exit hole; D, open exit hole; E, pupal exuvia, indicating dorsal (left), lateral (middle), and ventral (right) views.

FIGURE12. Reconfirmed Coleophora spp.Venation.A, Coleophora montaniella, slideno.KJM0492 (male, CBNUPM000126); B, C. obducta, slide no. KJM0502 (male, CBNUPM000203); C, C. parki, slide no. KJM0541 (female, CBNUPM000395); D, C. quercicola, slide no. KJM0166 (female, CBNUPM000008); E, C. serinipennella, slide no. KJM0339 (female, CBNUPM000027); F, C. silenella, slide no. KJM0485 (male, CBNUPM000051); G, C. sternipennella, slide no. KJM0514 (female, CBNUPM000245); H, C. therinella, slide no. KJM0515 (male, CBNUPM000261); I, C. versurella, slide no. KJM0518 (female, CBNUPM000347); J, C. vestianella, slide no. KJM0507 (male, CBNUPM000228).