Pollia hasskarlii R.S. Rao (1964:188)

Jameera, A., Nampy, Santhosh & Janeesha, A. P., 2016, A taxonomic revision of Pollia (Commelinaceae) in India with six lectotypifications, Phytotaxa 263 (3), pp. 202-218 : 203-217

1. Pollia hasskarlii R.S. Rao (1964:188) . Type:— INDONESIA, Java, 20 June 1851, Hasskarl s.n. (Leiden herbarium lists specimen from Java Ungarang, Prope Medini as the lectotype). Figs. 1 , 2

Pollia aclisia Hasskarl (1870: 55) .

Pollia aclisia var. robusta Hasskarl (1870: 56) . Lectotype (designated here):— INDIA, Khasia , 4000 ft. 1589, Hooker & Thomson s.n. ( P 01743047 !).

Stoloniferous, perennial herbs, up to 90 cm tall. Stems erect, glabrous. Laminae lanceolate, 16–28 × 5–7.5 cm, acuteacuminate at apex, attenuate at base, both surfaces puberulous; petioles 1–3 cm long, winged; sheaths 2–4 cm long, puberulous. Thyrsus solitary, broadly ovoid, 5–9 × 3–6 cm; peduncles 4–6 cm long, white hooked-hairy; inflorescence bracts ovate, 4 × 1 cm, acuminate at apex, obtuse at base; cincinnus bracts ovate, 1–1.2 × 5 mm, acute at apex, deciduous; cincinni 1.5–3 cm long, 3–7 flowered; floral bracts ca. 2.5 × 2.5 mm, membranous, outer surface white hooked-hairy towards base otherwise glabrous, inner surface glabrous. Flowers actinomorphic; pedicels 2.6–5 mm long, white hooked-hairy. Sepals ovate, 2.3–5.6 × 2–3 mm, white hooked-hairy. Petals obovate, 2–5 × 1.7–2.9 mm, white, glabrous. Stamens 6, all fertile; filaments 1–1.7 mm long, glabrous; anthers bithecous, oblong, yellow, glabrous, dorsifixed, dehiscence longitudinal. Ovary ovoid, glabrous, trilocular; style filiform, glabrous; stigma papillate. Fruits globose, 4–6.5 × 3.7–6 mm, shining violet. Seeds 7 or 8 per locule, bi-seriate, triangular-polygonal, 1–1.5 × 1 mm; testa grey, finely pitted; hilum punctate; embryotega dorsal.

Chromosome number:—n=16 ( Kammathy & Rao 1964).

Flowering and fruiting:—May–December.

Ecology:—In shaded places in dense forests, on wet slopes and as primary forest under growth.

Distribution:—Himalaya to South China and Java ( Govaerts & Faden 2015).

Specimens examined:— Arunachal Pradesh, Dibang valley district, Mehaolake, 18 May 1998, Bhaumik & Pathak 1843 ( CAL!). East Siang district, Dazling, 10 October 2013, Nampy & Syam 142122 ( CALI!). Kameng district , Kelangkania, s.die, Panigrahi 1 5680 (ASSAM!) ; Ibid., 24 May 58, Panigrahi 16090 (ASSAM!) ; Sessa, s.die, Joseph 39772 (ASSAM!) ; Ibid., 09 October 2013, Nampy & Syam 142115, 142088 ( CALI!). Kururg Kumey district, Sangtey, 08 August 2008, Dash 3 2483 (ASSAM!). Lohit district , Khopa, 26 September 1969, Rao 48110 (ASSAM!) ; Tethaliang, 15 November 1957, Rao 10609 (ASSAM!). Subansiri district, Amji, 09 September 1961, Rao 24911 (ASSAM!) ; Polin, 17 October 1964, Sastry 40703 ( ARUN!). Tirap district, Waka, 27 August 1958, Panigrahi 14957 (ASSAM!). Upper Siang district, Gelring, 18 September 2007, Choudhary 18690 ( ARUN!). West Siang district , Along, 22 August 2011, Bhaumik 25841 ( ARUN!) ; Antaw, 25 May 2011, Gogoi 24477 ( ARUN!) ; Chowkham, 08 November 1969, Joseph 4839 (ASSAM!) ; Gima gida river, 01 June 2012, Bhaumik 27597 ( ARUN!) ; Kombong, 08 November 1958, Rao 17469 (ASSAM!). Assam, Cachar district, Umrangshu, 12 May 2007, Baruah 15508 (ASSAM!). Meghalaya, East Khasi hill district, Barapani, 15 March 1916, Upendranath 699 (ASSAM!). Mizoram, District unknown, Mizo hills, 10 June 1965, Dutta 33629 (ASSAM!). Nagaland, Wokha district , Wokha, 29 March 1975, Hynniewta 56385 (ASSAM!). District unknown, Naga hills, June 1936, Bor 21085 (ASSAM!). Sikkim, West Sikkim district, Yangtey, April 1909, Dash 32892 ( ARUN!). Locality unknown, July 60, Gustavmann 322 ( CAL!) .

Notes:— Pollia hasskarlii is close to P. thyrsiflora in having winged petioles but differs by its pubescent, long peduncles (4–6 cm) and lax fruits. Usually, the fruits contain 7 or 8 seeds in a locule with biseriate arrangement, but one specimen from Sessa (Arunachal Pradesh, CU 142088!) have 13 seeds in each locule with triseriate arrangement.

2. Pollia pentasperma C.B. Clarke (1881: 129) . Aclisia pentasperma (C.B. Clarke) Brückner (1930: 173) . Lectotype (designated here):— INDIA, Meghalaya, Shillong, 24 October 1872, Clarke 19086 (K 000854043!). Figs. 3 , 8 (E and F)

Perennial herbs. Stems erect, glabrous. Laminae elliptic, 10–12 × 4.5–5 cm, acuminate at apex and base, scabrous above, minutely villous below; petioles 1 cm long, wingless; sheaths 1.5–2 cm long, pubescent. Thyrsus solitary, ovate–lanceolate, 2–4 × 1.5–3 cm; peduncles 2–4 cm long, white hooked-hairy; cincinni 4 or 5 flowered; inflorescence bracts ovate, 1.5–2 × 0.5–0.6 cm, acute at apex, obtuse at base; cincinnus bracts lanceolate, 5–6 mm long, acute at apex, persistent; cincinnus axis 1–2.5 cm long, white hooked-hairy; floral bracts persistent. Flowers slightly zygomorphic, pedicellate. Sepals deciduous. Petals 3, free. Stamens 3. Staminodes 3. Fruits ovoid with a beak, 4–7 × 2.5–5 mm, shining brown, glabrous.

Chromosome number:—Not reported.

Flowering and fruiting:—June–December.

Ecology:—Growing in forest understory.

Distribution:—Endemic to Northeast India ( Govaerts & Faden 2015)

Specimens examined:— Meghalaya, East Khasi hill district, Shillong, 01 August 1886, Clark e 44389 (CAL!). Nagaland, Kohima, Naga Hills, 4000 ft., June 1866, Prain 487145, 46, 47 (CAL!). Wokha district, Wokha, 15 October 1981, Hynnie w ta 80641 (ASSAM!).

Notes:—This species differs from all other Indian species of this genus by its beaked fruits (fig. 8F). The leaves are elliptic and uniformly acuminate at both ends.

Clarke (1881) while describing P. pentasperma , cited two specimens from Shillong in Meghalaya (C.B. Clarke 17624 [K 000854044!] and C.B. Clarke 19086 [K 000854043!]). Since the protologue matches exactly with the latter specimen, it is selected here as the lectotype.

3. Pollia secundiflora (Blume) Bakh.f. in Backer & Bakhuizen (1949: 10). Commelina secundiflora Blume (1827: 3) . Aneilema secundiflora (Blume) Kunth (1843: 69) . Aclisia secundiflora (Blume) Bakh.f. in Backer & Bakhuizen (1968: 658). Lectotype (designated here): — JAVA, Salak, Blume s.n. (L 0041710!). Figs. 4 , 5 , 6

Aclisia sorzogonensis E.Mey.ex C. Presl (1827:138) . Pollia sorzogonensis (E.Mey.ex C.Presl) Steudel (1841: 368) .Type:— PHILIPPINES, Luzon, Sorzogon, Haenke s.n. (isotype B 100296493!).

Pollia elegans Hasskarl (1852: 149) . Aclisia elegans (Hassk.) Hasskarl (1870: 50) . Type:— JAVA, s.loc., 20 June 1851, Junghuhn s.n. (L 899759183!).

Aclisia indica Wight (1853: 29 , t. 2068). Pollia indica (Wight) Thwaites (1864: 323) . Pollia sorzogonensis var. indica (Wight) C.B. Clarke (1881: 127) . Pollia secundiflora var. indica (Wight) Sanjappa in Karthikeyan et al. (1989: 30). Lectotype (designated here):— Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. t. 2068!

Aclisia gigantea Hasskarl (1870: 46) . Pollia sorzogonensis var. gigantea (Hassk.) Clarke (1881: 127) . Pollia secundiflora var. gigantea (Hassk.) Sanjappa in Karthikeyan et al. (1989: 30). Lectotype:—BORNEO, Mt. Sakumbang, Korthals s.n. (L 907135621!), designated by Faden (2000).

Aneilema didymum Seemann (1857: 422) , nom. inval, later homonym. Type:— Wallich Catalogue No. 5202 (Image! in Wallich Catalogue Microfiche at Library of Department of Botany, University of Calicut).

Stoloniferous, perennial herbs, up to 100 cm tall. Stems erect, glabrous. Laminae lanceolate, 6–28 × 2.5–9 cm, acuminate at apex, attenuate at base, glabrous above, pubescent below; petioles 1–1.5 cm long; sheaths 1–4 cm, long, strigose. Thyrsus solitary, terminal, rarely axillary, broadly ovoid, 8–4 × 3–4 cm; peduncles 8–10 cm long, white hooked-hairy; inflorescence bracts ovate, ca. 5.5 × 2.7 cm, acuminate at apex, glabrous; cincinnus bracts lanceolate, 5–10 × 1–3 mm, acute at apex, pubescent, persistent; cincinni 1–5 cm long, 4–8 flowered, white hooked-hairy; floral bracts deltoid, acute at apex, persistent. Flowers slightly zygomorphic; pedicels 3–5 mm long, pubescent. Sepals obovate, 2–4 × 1–3 mm, white, both surfaces glabrous, apex rounded, persistent. Petals elliptic, 2–5 × 1–3 mm, apex obtuse, white, glabrous. Stamens 3; filaments 1–2.1 mm long, glabrous; anthers bithecous, oblong, yellow; dehiscence longitudinal. Staminodes 3; filaments 1–1.9 mm long, glabrous; antherodes bilobed, yellow. Ovary ellipsoid, glabrous; style filiform, 2–3.3 mm long, glabrous; stigma papillate. Fruits ellipsoid, 4–5 × 7 mm, shining, violet. Seeds 7 or 8 per locule, biseriate, triangular-polygonal, 1.7–2.1 × 1.9–2 mm; testa grey, finely pitted; hilum linear; embryotega dorsal.

Chromosome number:—n=16 ( Kammathy & Rao 1964).

Flowering and fruiting:—June-October.

Ecology:—Forest understory, forest edges, moist rocky areas on forest margins.

Distribution:—Tropical and subtropical Asia to new Caledonia ( Govaerts & Faden 2015).

Specimens examined: —Andaman & Nicobar Islands, North and Middle Andaman district, Kalara, 15 km from Diglipur , 29 September 2010, Nampy & Manudev 3198 ( CALI!). South Andaman district , Cadellgunj , 17 September 1892, King s.n. ( CAL!) ; Manpur hill jungle, 25 January 1892, King s.n. ( CAL!) ; Mount Harriet National Park , 05 October 2010, Nampy & Manudev 4201 ( CALI!) ; Rungoo chung, 13 January 1893, King s.n. ( CAL!) ; Shore point creek, 12 August 1893, King s.n. ( CAL!). Assam, Dibrugarh district , Jeypore, 18 July 1935, Sharma 13231 (ASSAM!). Cachar disrict, s.loc., 09 October 2011, Burbhuiya 745 (ASSAM!) ; Dawki forest , 25 October 1937, Sharma 10858 (ASSAM!) ; Umrangshu , 22 February 2007, Baruah 113995 (ASSAM!) ; Ibid., 15 May 1956, Panigrahi 4372 (ASSAM!). Golaghat district, Kaziranga, Panbari reserve , 15 June1983, Deb 34916 (ASSAM!). Kamrup district , Mauman forest 24 June 1964, Rao 39086 (ASSAM!). Karbi Anglong district , Rangapahar, 22 September 1945, Srinivasan 22084 (ASSAM!). Subansiri district , Khuni pahad, 24 September 1959, Panigrahi 19309 (ASSAM!). Arunachal Pradesh, Tirap district , Hukanjuri, 26 December 1945, Srinivasa n 22260 (ASSAM!) ; Ibid., 15 July 1961, Deb 26750 (ASSAM!). Karnataka, Chikmagalur district, Kondakhan estate, 26 July 1980, Saldanha 11916 ( JCB!). Hassan district , Kagenari , 06 June 1971, Ramamoorthy 1788 ( JCB!) ; Ibid. , 08 July 1971, Ramamoorthy 1916 ( JCB!) ; Kempunole , 22 August 1969, Saldanha 14631 ( JCB!) ; Kenchankumri state forest, 15 August 1971, Ramamoorthy 2031 ( JCB!) ; Shiradighat, 30 January 1969, Saldanha 12625 ( JCB!). Kodagu district, near Gare Moorie estate 5 km to Koinad, 23 July 1973, Ramesh 1926 ( JCB!). Kerala, Idukki district , Meenmutti, 27 September 1981, Mohanan & Ramanujan 7 2 101 ( CAL!). Pathanamthitta district , Achancovil, 17 January 1989, Anilkumar 1447 ( CAL!). Meghalaya, Garo hills district, Balkinigiri, 04 September 1975, Rao 61475 (ASSAM!) ; Tura, 11 November 1960, Panigrahi 2236 (ASSAM!). Nongpoh district, 25 September 1965, Joseph 43748 (ASSAM!). Mizoram, Mamit district , Damparengpui, Dampa tiger reserve, 28 May 2005, Odyuo 109743 (ASSAM!) ; Ibid., 27 October 2007, Sinha 11698 (ASSAM!). Sairang district, Aizwal, 02 September 2007, Pradeep 8692 ( CALI!). Sikkim, District unknown, s. loc., 06 July 1870, Clarke 11801 ( CAL!). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district , Manoampalli, 25 August 1992, Rajendran 96492 ( MH!). Tripura, District unknown, s. loc., 23 January 1962, Deb 27074 (ASSAM!) .

Notes:—This is the commonest species of Pollia in India and is easily recognized by its long peduncles (8–10 cm), three fertile stamens and shining violet fruits. Sometimes secondary thyrsus are formed from the axils of bracts.

Blume (1827), while describing this species, cited specimens from two localities (‘Arog katuk gajak; Patok kakok’) and both are available in National Herbarium Netherlands, Leiden. Both matches with the protologue, among them, specimen from Arog Katuk gajak (Java, Salak, Blume s.n. [ L 0041710 ]) is selected here as the lectotype .

4. Pollia subumbellata C.B. Clarke (1871: 451) . Aclisia subumbellata C.B. Clarke (1874: 45 , t. 30). Lectotype (designated here):— INDIA, Meghalaya, Khasia, 1000 ft., Hooker & Thomson s.n. (P 01742189!). Figs. 7, 8 (G, H, I and J), 9

Aneilema reniforme Buchanen-Hamilton ex Wallich (1831: 5205) , nom. nud. Type:— Wallich catalogue No. 5205 (image! in Wallich Catalogue Microfiche at Library of Department of Botany, University of Calicut). Commelina reniformis Steudel (1840: 402) , nom. nud.

Stoloniferous, perennial herbs, up to 60 cm tall. Stems creeping and become ascending, glabrous. Laminae elliptic, 10–13 × 3.5–5 cm, acuminate at base and apex, both surfaces glabrous; petioles 1–2 cm long; sheaths 1.5–2 cm long, pubescent. Thyrsus solitary, subumbellate, 1–2 × 2–4 cm; peduncle reduced, ca. 5 mm long; inflorescence axis puberulous; cincinnus bracts lanceolate, 5–10 × 2–3 mm, membranous, persistent; cincinni 5–11 cm long, decurved, puberulous, 2-4 flowered; floral bracts deltoid, 5 × 3 mm, membranous, acute at apex. Sepals persistent. Fruits globose, 2.7–5 × 2.5–5 mm, shining, violet. Seeds 6 or 7 per locule, biseriate, triangular-polygonal, 1–1.5 × 1– 0.5 mm; testa grey, finely pitted, hilum punctate, embryotega dorsal.

Chromosome number:—n=16 ( Kammathy & Rao 1964).

Flowering and fruiting:—July–October.

Ecology:—In moist rocky areas on forest margins and on wet slopes.

Distribution:— Nepal to South China and Peninsular Malaysia ( Govaerts & Faden 2015).

Specimens examined:— Arunachal Pradesh, East Siang district, Dazling, 10 October 2013, Nampy & Syam 142115, 142117 ( CALI!). Kameng district, Bhallijpong , 11 September 1968, Joseph 39782 (ASSAM!). Kurung Kumey district , Amjee , s.die, Dash 32717 (ASSAM!). Lohit district , Aka hills, 1934, Bor 19017 ; between Chowkham & Kherem, 28 November 1969, Joseph 48392 (ASSAM!, CAL!) ; Namsai, 08 September 1969, Rao 47712 (ASSAM!, CAL!). Papum Pare district, Mengo, 28 April 1965, Santapau & Mukerjee 169 ( CAL!). Subansiri district, Khuni phad, 24 September 1959, Panigrahi 19305 (ASSAM!). Tirap district , Chengtang , 16 October 1959, Rao 20253 (ASSAM!) ; Ibid., 191958, Panigrahi 14427 (ASSAM!) ; Deomali , 19 October 1959, Rao 20321 (ASSAM!) ; Khela, 18 October 1959, Joseph 20321 ( CAL!). Assam, Cachar district, Bonail WLS, 17 July 2011, Barbhuiya ( ARUN!). Golaghat district, Kaziranga, 31 September 1957, Rao 9719 (ASSAM!, CAL!). Jorhat district , Gibbon WLS, 19 June 2010, Daimary 121778 ( ARUN!). Karbi Anglong district , Diphu, 30 July 1935, Deka 13232 ( ARUN!). Lakhimpur district , Chaldhowa, 22 October 1966, Verma 36590 ( ARUN!) ; Philobari reserve forest, 22 October 1960, Panigrahi 21659 ( CAL!). Lower Subansiri district, Hydal , 08 August 1978, Pal 76017 ( ARUN!) ; Ibid. , 25 September 1978, Pal 76052 ( ARUN!) ; Koronu, 31 August 1990, Manik 5049 ( ARUN!). Nowgong district, Dobaka , 27 August 1904, Balakrishnan 39481 ( ARUN!, CAL!). Tinsukia district , Sadiya , 26 June 1947, Deka 16935 ( ARUN!, CAL!) ; Upper Digboi, 08 July 1959, Panigrahi 18839 ( ARUN!, CAL!). District unknown, s. loc., 1916, Alexander 55B ( CAL!). Meghalaya, Khasi hill district, s.loc., Hooker & Thomson s.n. ( CAL!). Ri Bhoi district, Nongpoh, Dolaila Tilla, 31 July 1964, Joseph 37478 (ASSAM!). West Garo Hills district , Tura, 12 December 1960, Panigrahi 22363, 22364 ( ARUN!) ; Ibid. , 29 September 1962, Deb 28867 ( ARUN!) ; Ibid., 14 February 1886, Clarke 43095 ( CAL!). Mizoram, Mamit district, Damparengpui, Dampa tiger reserve, 27 May 2005, Odyuo 109730 (ASSAM!). Nagaland, Wokha district, s.loc., 15 October 1981, Hinniewta s.n. (ASSAM!). Sikkim, South Sikkim district, Tumin, s.die, Kurz s.n. ( CAL!). North Sikkim district, Donkung, 03 May 1862, Anderson 1318 ( CAL!). District unknown, s.loc., 23 September 75, King 48 A, 48 B, 2502 ( CAL!). Tripura, Dhalai district , Tulashikhar, 21 February 1960, Deb 2351 ( CAL!). West Bengal, Jalpaguri district , Chengmari, 05 November 2003, Battachanger 33342 ( CAL!) .

Notes:—This species is easily recognized by its reduced peduncle, subumbellate thyrsus and decurved cincinni. The leaves are elliptic and acuminate at both ends.

5. Pollia thyrsiflora (Blume) Steudel (1841: 368) . Tradescantia thyrsiflora Blume(1827:6) . Lamprocarpus thyrsiflorus (Blume) Blume in Schultes & Schultes (1830: 1726). Lectotype (designated here):— INDONESIA, Java, Blume 2047b (L0820289!). Fig. 8 (A, B, C and D)

Pollia glaucescens Teijsmann & Binnendijk (1862: 305)

Pollia philippinensis Elmer (1908: 275) . Type: — PHILIPPINES, Luzon, Tayabas, Lucban, 05.1907, Elmer 9162 (L 90819980!).

Stoloniferous, perennial herbs, up to 70 cm tall. Stems erect. Laminae lanceolate, 12–30 × 4–5 cm, acuminate at apex, attenuate at base, both surfaces glabrous; petioles 2–4 cm long, winged; sheaths 2–3 cm long. Thyrsus solitary, ovoid, 3–5 × 2–3 cm, compactly arranged with numerous cincinni; peduncles 2–4 cm long, glabrous; inflorescence bracts ovate, 2.5–5 × 1–1.5 cm, acuminate at apex, green, glabrous; cincinnus bract deciduous; cincinnus axis 0.5–1cm long, 1–3 flowered. Fruits ellipsoid, 4–6 × 3–5 mm, shining metalic blue. Seeds 9–11 per locule, biseriate, triangular-polygonal, 1–1.5 × 2– 1 mm; testa grey, finely pitted; hilum punctate; embryotega dorsal.

Chromosome number:—2n=32 ( Faden & Suda 1980).

Flowering and fruiting:—February–October.

Ecology:—In marshy places and moist forest floors.

Distribution:—Tropical and subtropical Asia ( Govaerts & Faden 2015).

Specimens examined:— Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Nicobar district, Katchal, 12 September 1974, Chakraborty 2053 ( CAL!). North and Middle Andaman district , Rammagar , 03 December 1976, Balakrishnan & Nair 4932 ( CAL!). South Andaman district , Balooghat hill jungle, 12 January 1894, King s.n. ( CAL!) ; Cadellganj hill jungle, 13 May 1893, King s.n. ( CAL!) ; Comota , 06 February 1893, King s.n. ( CAL!) ; Little Andaman , 01 January 1976, Bhargava 3281, 2406 ( CAL!) ; Paint hill jungle, 12 September 1894, King s.n. ( CAL!) ; s.loc., s.die, Kurz s. n. ( CAL!). Mizoram, Mamit district, Damparengpui , Dampa tiger reserve, 30 October 2007, Sinha 117165 (ASSAM!). Tripura, North Tripura district, Shakhan, 03 February 1962, Deb 27457 ( CAL!, ASSAM!). Uttarakhand, Dehradun district , Mussoorie, 23 May 1909, Kari 1462 ( CAL!) .

Notes:—This species is easily distinguished by its winged petioles, condensed inflorescences and infructescence with metalic blue fruits.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Pollia hasskarlii R.S. Rao: A. Flowering twig, B. Infructescence showing immature fruits, C. Infructescence showing mature fruits, D. Plant showing stolons, E. Seed-dorsal view, F. Seed-ventral view (from Nampy & Syam 142144).

FIGURE 2. Pollia hasskarlii R.S. Rao: A. Fruiting twig, B. Flower, C. Sepal, D. Petal, E. Stamen, F. Gynoecium, G. Fruit, H. Seed-dorsal view, I. Seed-ventral view (from Nampy & Syam 142144).

FIGURE 3. Lectotype of Pollia pentasperma C.B. Clarke.

FIGURE 4. Pollia secundiflora (Blume) Bakh.f.: A. Flowering twig, B. Thyrse showing cincinni, C. Flower, D. Sepal, E. Petal, F. Stamen, G. Staminode, H. Gynoecium, I. Stigma, J. Infructescence showing mature fruits, K. Seed-ventral view, L. Seed-dorsal view (from Nampy & Manudev 3198).

FIGURE 5. Pollia secundiflora (Blume) Bakh.f.: A. Flowering twig, B. Sepal, C. Petal, D. Stamen, E. Staminode, F. Gynoecium, G. Fruit- also see the persistent sepals, H. Flower, I. Seed-dorsal view, J. Seed-ventral view (from Nampy & Manudev 3198).

FIGURE 6. Lectotype of Pollia secundiflora (Blume) Bakh.f.

FIGURE 8. A. P. thyrsiflora- Fruiting twig, B. Fruit, C. Seed-dorsal view, D. Seed-vental view (from King s.n.), E. P. pentasperma- Fruiting twig, F. Fruit, (from Clarke 44389 A), G. P. subumbellata- Fruiting twig, H. Fruit showing persistent sepal, I. Seed-dorsal view, J. Seed-ventral view (from Nampy & Syam 142115).