Tephritis hurvitzi Freidberg, 1981

Korneyev, S. V., Volovnik, S. V. & Korneyev, V. A., 2021, The first records of Tephritis hurvitzi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in mainland Ukraine, with notes on its distribution and biology, Ukrainska Entomofaunistyka (Oxford, England) 12 (3), pp. 27-29 : 27-28

Tephritis hurvitzi Freidberg, 1981 ( Figs 1–5)

Freidberg, 1981; Freidberg & Kugler, 1989 (description, key); Korneyev & Dirlbek, 2001 (new records); Korneyev, 2003 (new records); Freidberg & Kütük, 2004 (key, new records); Korneyev & Nikelshparg, 2015 (new records); Mohamadzade Namin & Korneyev, 2018 (checklist); Korneyev et al. 2021 (new records).

Material examined. Armenia: Dilijan , 4.07.1931, 1♀ ( V. Popov) ( ZISP) ; Iran: Kohgiluyeh, pass near Sisakht , 30°52,29′ N 51°31,26′ E, h = 3300 m, 26.05.2014, 1♀ (S. & V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Qazvin, wetland at waterfall, 36°21,50′ N 50°03,42′ E, h = 1500 m, 7.06.2014, 2♀ (S. & V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Kurdistan, 2 km W of Hossein Abad , 35°32,19′ N 47°09,40′ E, h = 1880 m, 13.06.2014, 1♂, 2♀ (S. & V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; East Azerbaijan Province: Dizmar Protected Area, Chichakli val., 38°40,50′ N 46°32,05′ E, h = 2215 m, 26.06.2014, 2♂ (S. & V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Israel: Mt. Hermon , 1600 m, 27.06.1977, ex stem gall on Tragopogon longirostris , 1.07.1977, 1♀ ; 2.07.1977, 1♂ (A. Freidberg) ( RMNH) ; 6.07.1977, 1♂, 1♀ (A. Freidberg) ( MNKB) (paratypes) ;

Qazaqstan: Talas Alatau, Aksu canyon, 20– 21.08.1935, 1♀ (Shulpin) ( ZISP) ; Aksu Djabagly Nature Reserve , 21.08.1964, 1♂ ; 10.09.1964, 1♀ (Fisechko) ( SIZK) ; Saur Ridge, Karaungur River , 12.07.1965, 1♂ (Ponomarenko) ( SIZK) ; Zhambyl Region . SW of Georgievka village, 26.05.1983, ex Tragopogon capitatus 13.06.1983, 5♂, 4♀ ; 18.06.1983, 27♂, 15♀ (Fedotova) ( SIZK) ; Almaty, Medeo , 5.07.1990, 1♂ (Ermolenko) ( SIZK) ; Kyrgyzstan: Mikhailovka, Ferghana Ridge, Kugart River valley , 16.05.1925, 1♀ (Th. Dobzhansky) ( ZISP) ; Ferghana Ridge, Ak-Tau , 1500 m, 23.08.1928, 1♂ (N. Kuznetsov) ( ZISP) ;

Russian Federation: Saratov Region., N. Bannovka , 3.07.2003, 1♂ ( V. Krivokhatsky & O. Ovchinnikova) ( ZISP) ; Saratov (Volzhskiy District, Yubileynyi, Zaschitnikov Otechestva St. ), ex galls on Tragopogon dubius , coll. 4.08.2015, em. 17– 20.08.2015, 1 ♂, 6 ♀ (Nikelshparg leg.) (Nikelshparg’s pers. coll.) ; Tadjikistan: 40 km N Dushanbe, Ruydasht area , 3000 m, 22.07.1937, 1♂ (Gussakovsky) ( ZISP) ; Kvak area, Kondara canyon, 11.07.1977, 2♀ (Zlobin) ( SIZK) ; Ganishou , 1700–2400 м, 15.06.1987, 1♂, 3♀ (Plushch) ( SIZK) ; Turkey: Ankara, 04.1912, 2♂ ( MHNP) ; Hakkari, above Suvarihalil , 2600 m, 11.08.1983, 1♂, 3♀ (K. Warneke) ( RMNH) ; Patnos , 1600 m, 2.07.1985, 1♀ (C. J. Zwakhals) ( RMNH) ; 8 km N Erzincan, 1750 m, H. & Th. v. Oorschot, H. v. d. Brink , 10.06.1988 (H. Wiering) ( RMNH) ; Turkmenistan: Chandyr River valley, Sumbar , 23.04.1933, 1♀ (Ushinskiy) ( ZISP) ; Khan-Takhta ,

NW Ghissar Ridge, 3.09.1933, 2♂, 1♀ ( Veltishchev ) ( ZISP) ; Kara-Kala: Parhai, 10.04.1992, 4♂, 2♀ ( Kotenko ) ( SIZK) ; Ukraine: Crimea, Çufut Qale , 3 km E Bağçasaray, 29.04.1992, 2♂ ; Rybachye, Kanaka valley, 7– 20.05.1993, 1♀ ( V. Korneyev ) ( SIZK) ; Donetsk, Botanical Garden, 24.04.2014, 1♀ ( Guglya ) ( SIZK) ; Zaporizha, Melitopol, 46.832561N, 35.354652E, 22.07.2021 1♂, 2♀ ( Volovnik ) ( SIZK) ; Chernivtsi: Spaska , 23.07.2021, 1♂ ; Zavoloka, 23.07.2021, 1♂, 1♀ ( V. Korneyev ) ..

Host plants. Tragopogon capitatus S.A. Nikitin , T. dubius Scop. , T. longirostris Bischoff ex Sch. Bip. , Scorzonera syriaca Boiss. et Bl.

Distribution. Armenia, Cyprus, Greece, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (first confirmed record), Lebanon, Russian Federation, Syria, Tajikistan (first record), Turkey, Turkmenistan (first record), Ukraine. This species very probably occurs in Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan, but still not confirmed by any material; the paratype with label “ Uzbekistan, Chim Gand” could be collected anywhere around Shymkent either in Kazaq or Uzbek territory.

Biology. Larvae after hatching from eggs in the flower head penetrate into hollow stem below and induce swelling it into a gregarious gall ( Fig. 3) containing 15– 35 larvae ( Fig. 4), which puparite then inside stem and in June or July exit through the froth mass clot left inside of flower head leaving a gall full of empty black puparia ( Fig. 5). Adults overwinter. Number of generations is unknown, but possibly one or two, depending on vegetation and climate.