Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) Hennemann & Conle, 2024

Hennemann, Frank H. & Conle, Oskar V., 2024, Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXVI: Taxonomic review of Cladomorformia tax. n., a lineage of Diapheromerinae stick insects, with the descriptions of seven new genera and 41 new species (Phasmatodea: Occidophasmata: Diapheromerinae), Zootaxa 5444 (1), pp. 1-454 : 150

23. Phanocles ploiaria ( Westwood, 1859: 79, pl. 13: 4) [ Bacteria ]. HT, ♂: Type; West Coast, N. A., 58,12; West Coast N. America; Ploiaria Westw. ; Phibalosoma ploiaria Westw., W. Coast of America; BMNH(E) #844545 [NHMUK]. comb. n. ( Figs. 4A , 8B, 8D , 49E , 55E , 58C , 61K–M , 67N–O , 88E–F , 93H , 97H , 99G , 117C , 118A–B )

Distribution: Panama, Province Colón, Gamboa [FH, OC]; Panama, Province Panamá, Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island [ANSP, MNHN; Berger, 2004: 18]; Panama, Province Panamá, Parque Nacional Soberanía, Camino de Plantación [MIUP, FH]; Panama, Province Panamá, Chilibre [MIUP]; Panama, Province Coclé, Valle de Antón [FH, OC].

Figures

FIGURE 4. Terminalia of ♂♂: A. Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835 [coll. FH]; B. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [coll. FH]; C. Alienobostra remiformis (Rehn, 1904) [coll. FH]; D. Xylodus adumbratus Saussure, 1859 [ZMUH]; E. Bacteria ferula (Berthold, 1827) [Diapheromerini: “Bacteroformia”; the white arrow indicates how stigmae VIII are shifted away from the anterior margin of abdominal segment VIII.

FIGURE 8. Alienobostra remiformis (Rehn, 1904): A. ♀ (Costa Rica, Surubres nr. San Mateo), habitus dorsal view [ANSP]; B. ♀ (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Santa Elena), habitus dorsolatera view [coll. FH, No. 0049–34]; C. ♂ (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Santa Elena), habitus dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0049–59]; D. ♀ (Costa Rica, Surubres nr. San Mateo), lateral view of terminalia [ANSP]; E. ♀ (Costa Rica, Surubres nr. San Mateo), dorsal view of terminalia [ANSP]; F. ♀ (Costa Rica, Surubres nr. San Mateo), ventral view of terminalia [ANSP]; G. ♀ (Costa Rica, San José), lateral view of terminalia [ZMUH]; H. ♀ (Costa Rica, San José), dorsal view of terminalia [ZMUH]; J. ♂ (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Santa Elena), lateral view of terminalia [coll. FH]; K. ♂ (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Santa Elena), dorsal view of terminalia [coll. FH]; L. ♂ (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Santa Elena), ventral view of terminalia [coll. FH]; M. ♀ with small cephalic tubercles (Costa Rica, Surubres nr. San Mateo), head and prothorax in lateral view [ANSP]; N. ♀ with well-developed cephalic lobes (Costa Rica, Surubres nr. San Mateo), head and prothorax in lateral view [ANSP]; O. ♂ (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, Santa Elena), head and prothorax in lateral view [coll. FH].

FIGURE 49. Phanocles Stål, 1875 habitus (in scale): A. P. burkartii (Saussure, 1868) ♀ (SE-Mexico), dorsal view [NHMW]; B. P. burkartii (Saussure, 1868) ♀ (Mexico, Veracruz, Dos Amates, Catemaco), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 1218–1]; C. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 ♀ (captive reared F1 from Costa Rica, Proc. Alajuela, Bosque del Niño N.P.), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0472–4]; D. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♀ PT (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, La Gamba), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0563–5]; E. P. ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀ (Panamá, Prov. Coclé, Valle deAntón 650–850 m), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0705–11].

FIGURE 55. Phanocles Stål, 1875: A. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♂ PT (Ecuador, Prov. Esmeraldas, Rio Verde), dorsolateral view [MNCN]; B. P. falcatus sp. n. ♂ PT (Ecuador, Prov. Napo, Misahualli), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0919–3]; C. P. maximus sp. n. ♀ PT (captive reared from Panamá, Prov. Coclé, Valle deAntón), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 1360–3]; D. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♂ PT (captive reared from Costa Rica, Prov. Puntarenas, La Gamba), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0563–18]; E. P. ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀ (Panamá, Prov. Coclé, Valle de Antón 650–850 m), dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0705–12]; F. P. obtusus (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♂ (Venezuela, Aragua N.P., Rancho Grande), dorsolateral view [ANSP].

FIGURE 58. Phanocles Stål, 1875 head and prothorax: A. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; C. P. ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀, lateral view [coll. FH]; D. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, lateral view [MNHN]; E. P. satyr (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ dorsolateral view [ANSP]; F. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ PT, lateral view [coll. FH]; G. P. maximus sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; H. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; J. P. spectabilis sp. n. ♀ PT, dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; K. P. subvolans (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, dorsolateral view [ANSP]; L. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀, dorsolateral view [coll. FH].

FIGURE 61. Phanocles Stål, 1875 terminalia of ♀♀: A. P. burkartii (Saussure, 1868), lateral view [coll. FH]; B. P. burkartii (Saussure, 1868), dorsal view [coll.FH]; C. P.burkartii (Saussure, 1868), ventral view [coll. FH]; D. P.costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, lateral view [coll. FH]; E. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, dorsal view [coll. FH]; F. P. costaricensis Hennemann, 2002, ventral view [coll. FH]; G. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, lateral view [ZMUH]; H. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, dorsal view [ZMUH]; J. P. ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT, ventral view [ZMUH]; K. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; L. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [coll. FH]; M. P. aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [coll. FH]; N. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, lateral view [coll. FH]; O. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, dorsal view [coll. FH]; P. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, ventral view [coll. FH]; Q. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view [coll. FH]; R. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view [coll. FH]; S. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view [coll. FH].

FIGURE 67. Phanocles Stål, 1875: A. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view of terminalia [coll. FH]; B.. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view of terminalia [coll. FH]; C. P. horni (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view of terminalia [coll. FH]; D. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), lateral view of terminalia [coll. FH]; E. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), dorsal view of terminalia [coll. FH]; F. P. saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908), ventral view of terminalia [coll. FH]; G. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♂ PT, lateral view of terminalia [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; H. P. mexicanus sp. n. ♂ PT, dorsal view of terminalia [UMMZ, © Erika Tucker]; J. P. chiapasense sp. n. ♂ HT, lateral view of terminalia [ZMUH]; K. P. chiapasense sp. n. ♂ HT, dorsal view of terminalia [ZMUH]; L. P. maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♀ HT, right mesofemur in intero-lateral view [MNHN]; M. P. solidus sp. n. ♀ HT, right mesofemur in intero-lateral view [ANSP]; N. P. ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀, right mesofemur in interolateral view [coll. FH]; O. P. ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀, right mesofemur in intero-lateral view [coll. FH]; P. P. brevipes sp. n. ♀ HT, right metatibia in intero-lateral view [ANSP]; Q. P. brevipes sp. n. ♀ HT, left mid leg in intero-lateral view [ANSP].

FIGURE 88. Mesosternum: A. Phanocles burkartii (Saussure, 1868) ♀ [coll. FH]; B. Phanocles maximus sp. n. ♀ PT [coll. FH]; C. Phanocles maximus sp. n. ♂ PT [coll. FH]; D. Phanocles mexicanus sp. n. ♀ HT [MNHN]; E. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀ [coll. FH]; F. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♂ [coll. FH]; G. Phanocles subvolans (Westwood, 1859) ♀ [ANSP]; H. Phanocles ecuadoricus sp. n. ♀ HT [ZMUH]; J. Phanocles maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) ♂ [MNHN]; K. Phanocles satyr (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ [ANSP]; L. Phanocles saussurei (Redtenbacher, 1908) ♀ [coll. FH]; M. Phanocles superbus sp. n. ♀ HT [MNHN]; N. Phanocles spectabilis sp. n. ♂ HT [coll. FH]; O. Phanocles falcatus sp. n. ♂ HT [ANSP]. Not in scale.

FIGURE 93. Praeopercular organ of ♀♀: A. Phanocles significans (Redtenbacher, 1908) [ANSP]; B. Phanocles decorus Zompro, 2001 [MNHU]; C. Phanocles falcatus sp. n. PT [ANSP]; D. Phanocles maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) HT [MNHN]; E. Phanocles brevipes sp. n. HT [ANSP]; F. Phanocles virgulatus (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; G. Phanocles vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; H. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀ [coll. FH]. Not in scale.

FIGURE 97. Vomer of ♂♂: A. Phanocles falcatus sp. n. HT lateral view [NHMUK]; B. Phanocles falcatus sp. n. PT [MNHN]; C. Phanocles maroniensis (Chopard, 1911) [MNHN]; D. Phanocles costaricensis Hennemann, 2002 [coll. FH]; E. Phanocles maximus sp. n. PT Laguna San Carlos, Panamá [coll. FH]; F. Phanocles significans (Redtenbacher, 1908) [ANSP]; G. Phanocles virgulatus (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; H. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) [coll. FH]; J. Phanocles vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; K. Phanocles spectabilis sp. n. PT [ANSP]; L. Phanocles horni (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; M. Phanocles acutecornutus sp. n. PT [ZSMC]; N. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [coll. ASPER, © Philippe Lelong]; O. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) St. Vincent [coll. ASPER, © Philippe Lelong]. Not in scale.

FIGURE 99. Eggs (in scale): A. Phanocles aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; B. Phanocles costaricensis Hennemann, 2002; C. Phanocles cuzcoense sp. n. ex ovipositor HT [ANSP]; D. Phanocles ecuadoricus sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; E. Phanocles maximus sp. n. [coll. FH]; F. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [coll. FH]; G. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) Panamá, Prov. Coclé, Valle de Antón [coll. FH]; H. Phanocles rehni sp. n. ex ovipositor HT [ANSP]; J. Phanocles spectabilis sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; K. Phanocles vosseleri (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; L. Phanocles virgulatus (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; M. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) Martinique [coll. FH]; N. Phanocles keratosqueleton (Olivier, 1792) St. Vincent [coll. FH]; O. Phanocles chaperi (Redtenbacher, 1908) [coll. FH]; P. Phanocles falcatus sp. n. PT [coll. FH]. [Scale = 1 mm]

FIGURE 117. Live insects: A. Phanocles maximus sp. n. captive reared ♀ from Valle deAntón, Panamá (inset showing detail of head, pro- and mesothorax); B. Detail of head, pro- and mesothorax of captive reared ♀ Phanocles maximus sp. n. from Laguna San Carlos, Panamá; C. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) feeding ♀ at Valle de Antón, Panamá.

FIGURE 118. Live insects: A. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♀ near Gamboa, Canal Zone, Panamá; B. Phanocles ploiaria (Westwood, 1859) ♂ at Valle de Antón, Panamá; C. Phanocles aequatorialis (Redtenbacher, 1908) captive reared ♂ from Durango, Ecuador; D. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) captice reared ♂ from Trinidad; E. Phanocles mutica (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) captive reared ♀ from Trinidad; F. closeup of head of same specimen as in figure E.