Lomatium linearifolium (S. Watson) J.F. Sm. & Mansfield, 2017

Feist, Mary Ann E., Smith, James F., Mansfield, Donald H., Darrach, Mark, Mcneill, Richard P., Downie, Stephen R., Plunkett, Gregory M. & Wilson, Barbara L., 2017, New Combinations In Lomatium (Apiaceae, Subfamily Apioideae), Phytotaxa 316 (1), pp. 95-98 : 96-97

4. Lomatium linearifolium (S. Watson) J.F. Sm. & Mansfield , comb. nov. Orogenia linearifolia Watson (1871: 120) .

Type: — USA. Utah: Wasatch Mountains, June 1869, S. Watson 440 (holotype GH!).

Orogenia linearifolia S. Watson var. lata Payson (1915: 379–380) . Type:— USA. Colorado: Tabeguache Basin, 1 June 1914, E. Payson 369 (holotype RM!).

Notes: Earlier phylogenetic studies involving analyses of three molecular markers and morphology ( Sun et al. 2010a, b) showed the genus Orogenia Watson (1871:120) to be monophyletic, but nested within a clade of Lomatium species. Upon examination of different material including many new taxa and additional molecular markers, George et al. (2014) reported that Orogenia fusiformis and O. linearifolia , the type and only other species in the genus, are not sister to one another. Orogenia linearifolia is placed in a well-supported clade that includes Lomatium columbianum Mathias & Constance (1942: 246) and L. piperi Coulter & Rose (1900: 211) . This clade is nested within a much larger clade of Lomatium species that also includes O. fusiformis . Therefore, we transfer both species of Orogenia into Lomatium . Orogenia fusiformis var. leibergii Coulter & Rose (1888: 92) is a synonym of L. geyeri ( Watson 1878: 428) Coulter & Rose (1900: 209) , and therefore is not synonymous or sympatric with L. fusiformis . With the transfers of O. fusiformis and O. linearifolia , the genus Orogenia is reduced to synonymy under Lomatium .

5. Lomatium multifidum (Nutt.) R.P. McNeill & Darrach , comb. nov. Leptotaenia multifida Nutt. in Torrey & Gray (1840: 630); Leptotaenia dissecta Nutt. var. multifida (Nutt.) Jepson (1923: 145) ; Ferula multifida (Nutt.) Gray (1868: 348) ; Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance var. multifidum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance (1942: 246) . Type:— USA. Columbia Plains and Blue Mountains, T. Nuttall s.n. (type BM!) .

Notes: Lomatium dissectum (Nutt.) Mathias & Constance (1942: 246) and L. multifidum have been treated as separate species and as varieties of a single species. The new combination is based on morphological differences, seasonal differences in fruit/flowering time, and limited geographic overlap of the taxa. In the few locations where the taxa co-occur, there are no individuals with intermediate morphological characteristics and there is distinct separation of the timing in fruiting and flowering. Lomatium multifidum occurs in shallow rocky soils, on slopes with a south aspect, or at lower elevations. Lomatium dissectum occurs in deep, mesic soils on slopes with a north aspect, or at higher elevation. Lomatium multifidum has yellow flowers, long pedicels, and glabrous peduncles, while L. dissectum has purple (rarely yellow with a purple tint) flowers with short pedicels, and glaucous peduncles. In addition, L. multifidum has already produced fruit while L. dissectum is still in flower.

6. Lomatium planosum (Oster.) Mansfield & S.R. Downie , comb. nov. Aulospermum planosum Osterhout (1903: 236) ; Cymopterus planosus (Oster.) Mathias (1936: 245) . Type:— USA. Colorado: Eagle County, Collected along the Eagle River at Minturn , 5 June 1902, G. E. Osterhout 2572 (holotype NY!) .

Notes: Molecular phylogenetic analyses ( George et al. 2014) place Cymopterus planosus in a large, well-supported clade with Orogenia fusiformis , O. linearifolia , Lomatium nudicaule ( Pursh 1814 [1813]: 196) Coulter & Rose (1900: 238), and a number of other Lomatium species. Sun & Downie (2004) also found C. planosus to be in a clade with Orogenia fusiformis , O. linearifolia , and other Lomatium species. Therefore this taxon is transferred to the genus Lomatium .