Eristalis (Eristalis) tenax ( Linnaeus, 1758 )

Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Riera, Pamela, Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura, Guzmán, Vicente Valdés & Henríquez-Piskulich, Patricia, 2021, Updating the knowledge of the flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Chile: Illustrated catalog, extinction risk and biological notes, Zootaxa 4959 (1), pp. 1-178 : 40-42

Eristalis (Eristalis) tenax ( Linnaeus, 1758)

Figs 47–48

Musca tenax Linnaeus, 1758: 591

Syrphus tenax Fabricius, 1775: 765 *

Conops vulgaris Scopoli, 1763: 960

Elophilus tenax Latreille, 1810: 443 *

Eristalis campestris Meigen, 1822: 385

Eristalis hortorum Meigen, 1822: 385

Eristalis sylvaticus Meigen, 1822: 388

Eristalis vulpinus Meigen, 1822: 388

Eristalis sinensis Wiedemann, 1824: 37

Eristalomyia tenax Enderlein, 1940: 662 *

Tubifera tenax Bean, 1949: 149 *

Eristalis (Eristalomyia) tenax Hull, 1949b: 396

Type locality and data. “ Sweden ” (LT, ♀, BMNH) .

Material examined. Tarapacá:Iquique( Etcheverry1970);Antofagasta: 1♂, Antofagasta , XI.1932, Leg.A. Pirión ( USNM; Thompson 1997) ; 1♂, Reserva Nacional Paposo , 25.I.1997, Leg. V. Jérez ( MZUC) ; Coquimbo : 1♂, Elqui , 09.II.1990, Leg. G. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, La Pampilla , no date, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Serón , no date, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, El Naranjo, Tilama, no date, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Boco , no date, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL) ; Valparaíso : 1♀, Horcones , 02.II.1969, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Quintero , 27.X.1963, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Hijuelas , 16.IV.1988, Leg. N. Hichins ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Rio Blanco , 20.I.1979, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Quillota , 05.II.1970, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Villa Alemana , no date, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Quilpué , 20.XII.1961, Leg. J. Solervicens ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Peñablanca , 24.I.1982, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Cuesta Colliguay , 04.XI.1967, Leg. J. Solervicens ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, El Salto, 08.V.1963, Leg. N. Hichins ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, CONAF, Masatierra , 12.I.2003, Leg. H. González ( SAG) ; 1♂, Quebrada Las Chozas , Alejandro Selkirk, 24.I.2003, Leg. H. González ( SAG) ; Metropolitana : 1♂, Caleu , TilTil, 08.XII.1987, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Colina , 24.XII.1966, Leg. J. Solervicens ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Vallecito , km14 near Farellones, 05.IV.1981, Leg. G. Farellones ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Quinta Normal , 1977, Leg. C.V.B. ( SAG) ; 1♀, Antumapu , no date, Leg. NN ( SAG) ; Maule : 1♂, Vilches Alto , 20.I.1979, Leg. Cerda ( MNHNCL) ; Ñuble : 1♂, Coelemú , 10.XII.1988, Leg. NN ( MZUC) ; 1♂, El Arillo, San Carlos , 09.I.1986, Leg. V. Pérez ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, San Carlos , 21.XI.1966, Leg. V. Pérez ( MNHNCL) ; 2♂, Las Trancas , 19.XI.1969, Leg. L. Alfaro ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Cholguán , 10.VIII.1965 Leg. Cruzat ( MZUC) ; 1♀, Florida , 11.IX.1962, Leg. NN ( MZUC) ; Biobío : 1♂, Penco , 11.X.1978, Leg. Cid ( MZUC) ; 1♂, Concepción , 23.II.1986, Leg. NN ( MZUC) ; 2♀, Chiguayante , 11.IX.1945, Leg. NN ( MZUC) ; 1♀, Talcahuano , 22.I.1966, Leg. J. Artigas ( MZUC) ; 1♀, Isla Quiriquina , 12.IX.1965, Leg. NN ( MZUC) ; 1♂, San Pedro de la Paz , 17.III.1964, Leg. NN ( MZUC) ; 1♀, Los Ángeles , 11.IX.1978, Leg. Jorge Artigas ( MZUC) ; 1♀, Yumbel , 23.XI.1971, Leg. Cruzat ( MZUC) ; 1♂, Arauco , 29.IX.1977, Leg. NN ( MZUC) ; La Araucanía: 1♂, Nahuelbuta National Park , 09.XII.1999, Leg. Bullock ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Angol , 11.X.1995, Leg. R. Cuevas ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Nueva Imperial , no date, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL) ; Los Ríos: 2♀, Santo Domingo , 5.II.1989, Leg. E. Krahmer ( UACH) ; 1♂, Valdivia , no date, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Domeyko , 13.X.1991, Leg. E. Krahmer ( UACH) ; Isla Mancera ( Porter 1927a); Los Lagos : 1♂, La Unión , 10.I.1952, Leg. NN ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Fundo el Castillo, 22.I.1969, Leg. L. Alfaro ( MNHNCL) ; 1♀, Lago Chapo , 28.II.1983, Leg. G. Arriagada ( MNHNCL) ; 1♂, Caulín , Chacao, Chiloé, 13.II.2016, Leg. C. Smith- Ramírez ( CSD) .

References. Linnaeus, 1758: 591 (desc.); Williston, 1886: 160 (cat.); Kertész, 1910: 238 (cat.); Porter, 1921: 447 (cat., dist. & notes); Porter, 1924: 98 (cat.); Hull, 1925b: 305 (desc.); Porter, 1927b: 122 (cat.); Porter, 1928: 190 (cat.); Curran, 1930b: 25 (desc.); Porter, 1932: 190 (cat. & notes); Porter, 1933: 182 (checklist); Shannon & Aubertin, 1933: 163 (desc.); Porter, 1934: 170 (cat.); Ruiz & Stuardo, 1935: 318 (natural history); Porter, 1938: 155 (cat.); Gutiérrez, 1939: 35 (cat.); Enderlein, 1940: 662 (desc.); Stuardo, 1946: 128 (cat.); Bean, 1949: 149, fig. 15 (desc.); Hull, 1949b: 396 (desc.); Fluke, 1955: 43 (cat.); Fluke, 1957: 144 (cat.); Etcheverry, 1963: 44 (cat.); Etcheverry, 1970: 94 (cat.); Thompson et al., 1976: 101 (cat.); Campos & Peña, 1973: 225 (cat.); Thompson, 1997: 214 (desc.); Thompson, 1999a: 330 (key); González & Coscarón, 2005: 347 (distr.); Smith-Ramírez et al., 2005: 412 (pollinator study); González et al., 2009: 270 (cc.); Wakeham-Dawson et al., 2009: 66 (cat. & notes); Smith- Ramírez et al., 2014: 164 (pollinator study); Smith-Ramírez et al., 2014: 6 (ecological study, supplementary material); Montoya, 2016: 490 (cat.); Smith-Ramírez et al., 2016: 4 (pollinator study).

World distribution. Originally from Europe. It has been introduced to several parts of the world. Present in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru and Chile.

Chilean distribution. From Tarapacá to Magallanes region ( Fig. 49 ).

Altitudinal range. From coastal to highland ecosystems (5– 2,500 m.a.s.l.).

Biology and notes. Eristalis tenax is a generalist and exotic species. The species has been mentioned as an invasive species due to interspecific displacement of bees and native hoverflies ( Wellington & Fitzpatrick 1981). Eristalis tenax males can defend flower patches from other conespecific individuals and it can attack to Lasioides sp. and Lasia nigritarsis Blanchard ( Diptera , Acroceridae ), Bombus dahlbomii Guérin-Mèneville , butterflies, small bees and other flower flies (Rodrigo Barahona-Segovia, pers. obs.). In addition, it is a recognized for generating public health problems by producing myasis ( González et al., 2009). Several authors have recorded E. tenax visiting native and exotic plants. In Chile there are records of the species visiting flowers of Senecio bustillosianus J. Remy in the Andes ( Arroyo et al., 1982), and flowers of Gevuina avellana Molina , E. cordifolia and M. planipes in Chiloé Island ( Smith-Ramírez et al., 2005, 2016). Other interactions have also been reported by citizen scientists such as B. linearis (Asiel Olivares pers. obs.), Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub (Mari Peña pers. obs.), T. officinale (Eduardo Salinas, Gabriela Germain, Ricardo Huenuanca per. obs.), Rubus ulmifolius Schott (Matías Cortés per. obs.), Crataegus sp. (María Luisa Estay pers. obs.) and Carduus sp. (Orlando Montes pers. com.).

Conservation status. Not evaluated because this species is considered exotic and invasive.

Genus Habromyia Williston, 1888

Habromyia Williston, 1888: 284 . Type-species, coeruleithorax Williston (mon.). Refs. Thompson, 1972b: 136–137 (Milesinae rev.); Thompson, 1975: 292 (status notes); Thompson, 1999a: 329 (key); 340 (key to spp. and notes); Thompson, 2000: 376 (key).

Edwardsietta Hull, 1941c: 437 .

Lycopale Hull, 1944: 129 . Type-species, Meromacrus vittata Hull (orig. des.) = lizeri (Brèthes).

Criorthrix Hull, 1949b: 391 . Type-species, Habromyia rectilinear Hull (orig. des.).

Figures

FIGURE 49. Distribution map of Eristalis species in Chile: E. croceimaculata Jacob, 1900 (blue circles), and Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus, 1758) (red circles).

FIGURE 45–48. Eristalis croceimaculata Jacob, 1900: (45) female (photo by Alfredo Lüer), Punta Arenas and (46) male visiting Taraxacum officinale L., Ushuaia (photo by David Nicólas Albo). Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus, 1758): (47) visiting Senecio sp., Santiago (photo by Pablo Moreno), and (48) visiting an Asteraceae, Playas Blancas (photo by Ramón Hurtado).