Mulinia cleryana

Signorelli, Javier H. & Pastorino, Guido, 2012, Taxonomic revision of Brazilian Mactridae Lamarck, 1809 (Bivalvia: Cardiida), Zootaxa 3245, pp. 30-53 : 42-45

Mulinia cleryana (d´Orbigny, 1846)

Figure 8 A–G

Mactra cleryana d’Orbigny, 1846 in 1834–1847: 510.

Mactra guadelupensis Récluz, 1852: 249 , pl. 10, figs. 4–4´; Beau, 1853: 414; Ijzerman, 1931: 36.

Mulinea portoricensis Shuttleworth, 1856: 174 ; Adams & Adams, 1856 in 1853–1858: 380; Conrad, 1868: 31.

Mactra carinulata Deshayes in Reeve, 1854, pl. 10, fig. 38.

Mulinia portoricensis ( Shuttleworth, 1856) — Adams & Adams, 1856 in 1853–1858: 380.

Mactra guadeloupensis, ( Récluz, 1852) — Krebs, 1864: 105; Weinkauff, 1884: 33, pl. 11, figs. 1–3.

Mactra donacaeformis Krebs, 1864: 105 (non Gray, 1837, Mulinia donaciformis Gray, 1837 , p. 376).

Mactra gaudelupensis ( Récluz, 1852) — Conrad 1868: 32

Trigonella guadelupensis ( Récluz, 1852) — Conrad, 1868: 37.

Gnathodon guadelupensis ( Récluz, 1852) — Sowerby in Reeve, 1873: pl. 1, fig. 2.

Gnathodon cantrainei Récluz ms., Sowerby in Reeve, 1873: pl.1, fig. 2— Gundlach, 1883a: 58; Dall, 1894b: 27.

Mactra portoricensis ( Shuttleworth, 1856) — Weinkauff, 1884: 30, pl. 11, fig. 1–3; Schepman, 1887: 164; d’Audretsch, 1953: 239.

Mulinia guadelupensis, Dall, 1894a: 104 ; 1894b: 27; Lamy, 1918: 341.

Mulinia branneri Dall, 1901: 145 .

Mulinia portoricensis, Warmke & Abbott, 1961: 204 , fig. 43d.

Mulinia cleryana, Weisbord, 1964: 382 , pl. 55, fig. 3–6; Altena, 1968: 159; 1969: 178; 1971: 51, pl. 4, fig. 13–15; Rios, 1970: 196; 1975: 236, pl. 75, fig. 1133; 1985: 244, pl. 86, fig. 1215; 1994: 266, pl. 91, fig. 1297; 2009: 537, fig. 1491; Abbott, 1974: 491.

Diagnosis. Shell trigonal, anterior and posterior end well defined and closer to the ventral edge than to the dorsal edge; posterior carina delimited by a ridge, average size up to 30 mm in length.

Description. Shell trigonal, inflated, inequilateral, umbones placed about half shell length, inflated and prosogyrate; posterodorsal area defined by a conspicuous keel-like carina ( Figs. 8 A–E); anterodorsal area wide but not defined by a lunule; anterior and posterior ends low and well defined; ventral margin sinuous; external surface smooth without concentric ridges, maximum shell length measured 36 mm; right hinge with two anterior and two posterior lateral teeth (AI, AIII, PI & PIII) strong and short, being the ventral more elongated, two divergent and unfused cardinal (3a & 3b) teeth, the 3b vertically oriented ( Fig. 8 F); left hinge with the usual V-shaped cardinal tooth (2a–b), flanked by an accessory lamella (4b), one anterior and one posterior lateral tooth (AII & PII) complete the hinge; anterior adductor muscle scars semielliptical, posterior oval; pallial sinus low and V-shaped ( Fig. 8 G). Shell ultrastructure with two layers as the other species studied.

Type material. [ Mactra cleryana ] NHMUK 1854.12.4.670, three syntypes; [ Mactra guadelupensis ] MNHN unnumbered, two syntypes; [ Mulinea portoricensis ] NMBE 501777 , one syntype; [ Gnathodon cantrainei ] types not found at NHMUK; [ Mulinia branneri ] USNM 107829, holotype, one complete specimen, CAS-IZ 64436.00, paratype, one RV.

Type locality. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Other material examined. United States of America—Texas ( ANSP 217231) . Central America — Sonora, Mexico ( AMNH 131270) ; Punta Gorda, Belize ( ANSP 282500) ; Haiti ( USNM 439219, 440574, 440218, 440208, 439225, 439273, 440063, 383161, 439372, 367371, 383301, 439206) ; Santo Domingo ( FURG 37443; USNM 367281, 367254, 379850; ANSP 173315) ; Puerto Rico ( MNRJ 1297, 1298; 13049; USNM 523629, 464238, 128324; AMNH 34073) ; Guadeloupe Islands ( AMNH 34106, 34131) ; Trinidad ( USNM 365250; ANSP 263921) . Venezuela — Venezuela ( USNM 381915) . Guyana—British Guyana ( USNM 432392, 889595) . Brazil—Salinópolis ( MZUSP 22264) ; São Luís do Maranhão ( FURG 13751; MZUSP 14669) ; Aquiraz, Ceará ( MZUSP 81810); Ceará ( MZUSP 13050) ; Fortaleza ( FURG 34384, 34427; MZUSP 22265, 81787) ; Morro Branco, Ceará ( MZUSP 22266) ; Areia Branca ( MZUSP 40119) ; Natal ( ANSP 300239) ; Rio Grande do Norte ( ANSP 300283) ; Pernambuco ( MZUSP 45285, 45308, 45399); Cabedelo, Paraiba ( MZUSP 41386, 413339); Paripueira ( MZUSP 22267; FURG 37481); Alagoas ( FURG 1952); Maceió ( FURG 34396); Aracajú ( MNRJ 72); Alcobaça ( AMNH 91580); Caravelas ( MZUSP 22268); Bahia ( USNM 337300; FURG 29303); Rio Caravelas ( FURG 29267); Espírito Santo ( MZUSP 32544,66340); Regência ( MZUSP 82670); Vitória ( MZUSP 22269); Rio de Janeiro ( MZUSP 22270); Angra dos Reis ( MZUSP 63184, 63260); Ilha Grande ( MZUSP 22271, 22272); Recreio des Bandeirantes ( USNM 487373); Bertioga ( MNHNM 7345); Iguapé ( MZUSP 79652); Ilha Comprida ( MZUSP 22292); Peruíbe ( AMNH 120412); Praia Grande ( MZUSP 62790, 83971, 60010, 60001, 60017; FURG 21063); São Sebastião ( MZUSP 301, 312); Santos ( MLP 9385; ANSP 195118, 195133, MNHNM 7338; USNM 359301; MZUSP 15169, 22288, 22289, 22290; MACN-In 5091; 42635); São Paulo ( MZUSP 13051, 14971, 15137, 22291, 22293, 32936, 43019, 43892, 44986, 44990, 45027, 45029, 45143, 45177, 59079, 60019, 60022, 60028, 60038, 60057, 60066, 62325, 79140, 80330, 80741, 80980; FURG 18885, 267, 31563, 34412, MNHNM 7341); Ubatuba (MACN-In 1824); Paraná ( MZUSP 15080, 22295, 15078, 15083); Camboriú ( MZUSP 15071); Itapema ( MZUSP 22297); Itajaí ( MZUSP 34621); Santa Catarina ( MNRJ 1015; MZUSP 13047, 13055, 22296); Rio Grande do Sul ( FURG 22336, 813, 23692).

Distribution. Gulf of Mexico to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Remarks. Mulinia cleryana , dedicated to M. Cléry, is a valid species. The synonym list includes Mactra guadelupensis Récluz, 1852 ( Figs. 9 A–D), Mulinea portoricensis Shuttleworth, 1856 ( Figs. 9 E–F), Mactra carinulata Deshayes in Reeve, 1854, Gnathodon cantrainei Sowerby in Reeve, 1873 and Mulinia branneri Dall, 1901 ( Figs. 9 G–K). The type materials of all these nominal species were examined and their status confirmed. Conrad (1868) mentioned Mactra grandis Deshayes & Milne-Edwards, 1835 (not Gmelin, 1791) and Mactra lamarckii Philippi, 1846 as synonyms of M. cleryana . However, the examined original illustrations of both species differ clearly from the type of d’Orbigny's species. There exists no type material of Mactra grandis and Mactra lamarckii . The first one is an illustration published by Lamarck in Bruguière et al. in the “Encyclopédie Méthodique” (1797, pl. 253, Fig. 1 a–b); and cited later by Deshayes & Milne-Edwards (1835) making erroneously reference to Mactra grandis Gmelin, 1791 . Later, Philippi (1846) introduced a new name for the illustration given by Lamarck. The two nominal taxa should not be considered synonymous with M. cleryana .

Although the examination of type material confirms the synonymy list, preliminary results from geometric morphometric studies suggest a shell variation along the specimens examined. This variation, currently in process of study suggest the presence of a Caribbean and a Brazilian morphotype. Finally the shell characters observed in Mulinia cleryana separate this species from the superficially similar Mactra isabelleana d´Orbigny, 1846. The main differences are the absence of an external ligament, smaller shell length and the posterior keel-like carina in the Brazilian species.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Map of the study area showing the limits of the western Atlantic zoological provinces.

FIGURE 8. Mulinia cleryana (d´Orbigny, 1846). A – E: syntypes (NHMUK 1854.12.4.670), scale bar = 1 cm; F – G: hinge description by using the nomenclature developed by Bernard and Munier Chalmas, F: right, G: LV, scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURE 9. Mulinia cleryana (d´Orbigny, 1846). A – D: Mactra guadelupensis Récluz, 1852, syntypes (MNHN unnumbered), A: LV, B: RV; E – F: Mulinea portoricensis, Shuttleworth, 1856, syntype (NMBE 501777), RV; G – K: Mulinia branneri Dall, 1901 holotype (USNM 107829), G: RV, scale bar = 1 cm.