Anatina anatina ( Spengler, 1802 )

Signorelli, Javier H. & Pastorino, Guido, 2012, Taxonomic revision of Brazilian Mactridae Lamarck, 1809 (Bivalvia: Cardiida), Zootaxa 3245, pp. 30-53 : 45-46

Anatina anatina ( Spengler, 1802)

Figure 10 A–F

Mactra anatina Spengler, 1802: 120 ; Mörch, 1870: 124.

Anatina pellucida Schumacher, 1817: 126 , pl. 8, fig. 1

Lutraria papyracea Lamarck, 1818 (not Gmelin, 1791); G. B. Sowerby I, 1821–1834: pl. 38, fig. 2; Deshayes & Milne-Edwards, 1835: 93; Reeve, 1841: 60, pl. 41, fig. 2; Chenu, 1844 in 1842–1854: pl. 1, fig. 3. Sowerby II, 1852: 317, fig. 77; Hanley, 1842 in 1842 – 1856: 27; Dall, 1894c: 41.

Lutraria lineata Say, 1822: 310 — Conrad, 1831: 47, pl. 10, fig. 2; De Kay, 1843: 232

Mactra recurva Wood, 1828 : pl. 1, fig 2.

Lutraria recurva Gray, 1837: 375 .

Mactra nuttallii Reeve, 1854 : fig. 125 (not Conrad, 1837); Dall, 1894b: 27.

Labiosa anatina, Adams & Adams, 1856 in 1853–1858: 386; Conrad, 1868: 42; 1894: 41; Rios, 1970: 197.

Labiosa papyracea, Chenu, 1862: 61 , fig. 250.

Labiosa lineata, Conrad, 1868:42 ; Dall, 1894b: 27; Wilkins, 1957: 165, pl. 24, fig. 10.

Labiosa pellucida, Dall, 1894c: 41

Anatina lineata, Perry, 1940: 83 , pl. 18, fig. 116.

Anatina anatina, Rios, 1975: 237 , pl.75, fig. 1135; 1985: 244, pl. 86, fig. 1216; 1994: 266, pl. 91, fig. 1299; 2009: 538, fig. 1493.

Diagnosis. Shell subcircular, pellucid, external surface with concentric ridges, more grouped at umbonal area; umbones opisthogyrate; pallial sinus deep and high, maximum length 65 mm.

Description. Shell subcircular, fragile, pellucid, inequilateral, large, up to 65 mm in length, umbones opisthogyrate and moderately inflated; anterodorsal margin straight, posterior very short; anterior end rounded, posterior area delimited by a line from the umbones to middle posterior end; siphonal gap formed by shell folds; external surface with concentric ridges more conspicuous along the umbonal area ( Figs.10 A–D); internally white with a deep and high pallial sinus of about half of shell length; right hinge with two unfused cardinal teeth (3a & 3b), one anterior lateral tooth (AI) aligned with the 3a; one posterior lateral tooth (PI) short ( Fig. 10 E); left hinge with Vshaped cardinal tooth (2a & 2b), 2b more elongated, one anterior and one posterior lateral teeth (AII & PII) complete the hinge ( Fig. 10 F).

Type material. [ Mactra anatina ] ZMUC, unnumbered, two syntypes; [ Anatina pellucida ] ZMUC unnumbered, one syntype, RV; [ Lutraria lineata ] ANSP 51313 , four syntypes collected at Beaufort , North Carolina ; [ Mactra recurva ] NHMUK 2010-0621 , holotype.

Type locality. “South America ”

Other material examined. Unites States of America—Georges Bank, Massachusetts ( AMNH 185938 , “ Atlantis expedition”); Fort Macon, North Carolina ( USNM 40762 , 2494); Beaufort ( USNM 27580 , 24586; MACN-In 19252, 4 specimens); South Carolina ( MZUSP 664 ; USNM 54352 ); Charleston ( USNM 27579 , 10380); Florida ( USNM 46864 ); Biscayne Bay ( AMNH 165884 ); Captiva Island ( AMNH 99991 ); Marco Island ( AMNH 248025 ); Peanut Island ( AMNH 294015 ); Sarasota Beach ( USNM 60785 ); Sanibel ( AMNH 249003 , 1 specimen; 269914, 1 specimen with periostracum; 294016, mud and sandy bottom; 99880, 120439, 203205); St. Augustine, Florida ( USNM unnumbered); St. Petersburg. Florida ( AMNH 172239 ); Georgia ( AMNH 34749 ); Sea Island, Georgia ( AMNH 309281 ); Louisiana ( USNM 189184 ); Matagorda Bay, Texas ( USNM 159242 ); Texas ( USNM 6057 ). Colombia—Cartagena ( USNM 364332 ). Brazil—Maceio ( FURG 38517 ); Ilha Grande , RJ ( FURG 34387 ); Angra dos Reis ( MZUSP 63172 ); São Paulo ( MZUSP 663 , 22440, 22441, 22444, 45016, 45017, 45175, 57000, 61552, 77959); USNM 125466 ); Peruíbe ( MZUSP 22448 ); São Sebastião ( MZUSP 22442 , 22443, 22450, 81815); Santos ( USNM 359299 ; MZUSP 22445 , 22446, 22447); Ubatuba ( FURG 46995 , 11812; MZUSP 22439 , 44258); Alcatrazes ( FURG 12549 ); Praia do Saí, Paraná ( MZUSP 22449 ); Porto Belo ( FURG 47842 ); Campeche ( FURG 31298 ).

Distribution. From Massachusetts, USA, to Porto Belo, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Remarks. Anatina Schumacher, 1817 (Mactridae) has priority over Anatina Lamarck, 1818 (Laternulidae) . Lamarck (1818) latinized the French name “Anatine” previously published ( Lamarck, 1809). However, some authors (e.g. Olsson, 1961; Vokes, 1967) considered Anatina Lamarck sensu Bosc (1816) as valid who mentioned correctly the genus of Lamarck but citing in vernacular only one species ( le solen canard, nomen nudum). The nomenclatorial problem of this genus was resolved by Keen (1961).

Anatina anatina ( Spengler, 1802) is a valid mactrid species living along the western Atlantic Ocean. The examination of the type material and original illustrations confirm that Anatina pellucida Schumacher, 1817 ( Fig. 11 A), Lutraria lineata Say, 1822 ( Figs. 11 B–D), Mactra papyracea Lamarck, 1818 (not Gmelin, 1791), Mactra recurva Wood, 1828 ( Fig. 11 E–H) and Mactra nuttallii Reeve, 1854 (vol. 8, pl. 21, sp. 125, not Conrad, 1837) are synonymous species names. The Pacific species Anatina cyprinus ( Wood, 1828) had been cited widely as synonym of A. anatina (see, e.g., Dall, 1894b; Wilkins, 1957; Keen, 1958; Olsson, 1961). However, A. cyprinus from the Eastern Pacific coast is more subcircular, less elongated and has smaller posterior gap than the Atlantic A. anatina ( Figs. 11 I–J).

Figures

FIGURE 10. Anatina anatina (Spengler, 1802), A – D: syntype (ZMUC, unnumbered); E – F: hinge description by using the nomenclature developed by Bernard and Munier Chalmas, E: RV, F: LV, scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURE 11. Anatina anatina (Spengler, 1802). A: Anatina pellucida Schumacher, 1817, syntype (ZMUC unnumbered); B – D: Lutraria lineata Say, 1822, syntypes (ANSP 51313); E – H: Mactra recurva Wood, 1828 (holotype NHMUK 2010 – 0621); I – J: Mactra cyprinus Wood, 1828 (NHMUK 2010 – 0608), scale bar = 1 cm.