Prismognathus haojiani Huang & Chen

Huang, Hao & Chen, Chang-Chin, 2012, A review of the genera Prismognathus Motschulsky and Cladophyllus Houlbert (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species, Zootaxa 3255, pp. 1-36 : 16-17

Prismognathus haojiani Huang & Chen , new species

( Figs. 66 , 78 , 96 , 124 , 133, 152–153 , 188–189 , 213 , 235 )

Type material. Holotype ( Fig. 66 ): CHINA: Guizhou Province: 3 ( IEAS), Tongren City, Jiangkou County, Fanjingshan, 1775m, 11.VII.2009, larvae collected by X.-D. Yang and emerged in 2010. Paratypes: CHINA: Guizhou Province: 2 3, 1 Ƥ ( CCCC), same data as holotype; 3 3, ( CCCC), Kaili City, Leishan County, Leigongshan, ca. 1800m, 7.XI.2009, larvae collected by X.-D. Yang and emerged in 2010; 19 3, 11 ƤƤ ( CCCC, BMNH, CLB), reared by Jian Hao from the paratypes from Fanjingshan, emerged in 2011.

Etymology. This species is named in honor of Mr. Jian Hao, our good friend who reared many interesting lucanid species and provided material for our research.

Holotype description ( Fig. 66 ). Body length measured from apex of mandibles to apex of elytra: 27 mm.

Color and pubescence: both dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body dark reddish brown, weakly shiny and glabrous, with metasternum weakly yellowish brown. Femora and tibiae bright yellowish brown on both sides; tarsi black.

Head: about twice as wide as long, finely micropunctate and smooth on dorsal surface. Vertex gradually depressed in a triangular area defined by the anterolateral angles of the head and the middle of the posterior margin of the head. Frontal margin slightly concaved medially, with a small transversal intermandibular projection. Canthus occupying no more than 1/3 of the outer margin of the eye. Preocular margins weakly concave, convergent anteriorly. Anterolateral angle of the head sharp and obtuse. Postocular margins nearly as long as eye and straight. Mentum micropunctate, subtrapezoidal, with anterolateral angles rounded. Mandible about 2.5 times as long as the head, straight, with outer lateral margin strongly curved at apex; apex without a dorsal tooth; inner row of teeth continuous from base to apex, without isolated subbasal teeth; dorsal ridge with continuous teeth in the basal half. Antennal club with three pubescent antennomeres; antennomere 7 almost as long as 8 but linear and not lamellate as the antennomeres 8–10.

Pronotum: finely micropunctate and smooth on the surface, markedly longer and wider than head, widest at the posterior 1/3 point and protruding there; lateral margin weakly produced at anterolateral corner, rather straight to the lateral angle, concave at the posterior 1/3, and weakly produced at the posterior angle.

Elytra: micropunctate and smooth on the surface, with no striations or large punctures, almost as wide as pronotum, with sides parallel.

Legs: protibia with 4–5 distinct teeth or denticles along the lateral margin beside the apical fork; apex deeply bifurcate with the branches pointed at tip. Mesotibia with a distinct lateral spine in addition to the terminal spurs and spines. Metatibia with a denticle on the lateral margin.

Male genitalia ( Figs. 133, 152 , 188 ): ventral plate of the 9th abdominal segment markedly contracted at base. Caudal plate of the basal piece of the aedeagus shallowly hollow medially, with the bottom of split posterior to the ventral margin of the basal piece. Median lobe (not counting the basal struts and the caudal membranous pouches) about 0.70–0.75 times as long as paramere, with the membranous dorsal surface forming a pair of caudal pouches extending into a pair of the hooked dorsal pouches when being fully inflated; flagellum (permanently everted internal sac) nearly 1.5 times as long as aedeagus, with apex slightly enlarged.

Male paratypes. Body length measured from tip of mandible to apex of elytra: 19.5–38.0 mm.

Variation. Color of the body varying from dark reddish brown to bright reddish brown. Mandible nearly three times as long as the head in large males, 1.3–1.5 times as long as head in small males. The continuous row of teeth along the dorsal ridge of the mandible well marked in large and medium-sized males but absent in small males. Protibia with variable number of teeth or denticles. Metatibia sometimes without a denticle.

Female paratypes ( Fig. 96 ). Body length measured from tip of mandible to apex of elytra: 19.5–23.0 mm.

Color and pubescence: Both dorsal and ventral surfaces of the entire body dark brown and glabrous. Head: punctate on dorsal surface. Vertex depressed in a triangular area between anterolateral angles and the middle of the posterior margin of the head. Frontal margin straight, with well-defined intermandibular projection. Labrum about twice as wide as long, with a shallow central split at apex. Canthus occupying less than 1/3 of the outer margin of the eye. Preocular margin rather straight. Anterolateral angle of the head obtuse. Postocular margin shorter than eye and slightly concave. Mentum punctate and nearly semicircular. Mandible 2/3 times as long as head, strongly curved at apex, with a sharp median inner tooth and an acute dorsal subapical tooth. Antennal club with three pubescent antennomeres; antennomere 7 slightly wider than 6 and sharply pointed at tip, not lamellate as the antennomeres 8–10.

Pronotum: convex on the surface, without any depression, nearly twice as wide as long, widest at the posterior 1/3 point and protruding there; lateral margin well produced at anterolateral corners and weakly convex to the lateral angle, concave at the posterior 1/3, and blunt at the posterior angle.

Elytra: densely micropunctate, with a few obscure longitudinal striations near the lateral margins.

Legs: protibia slightly curved, with 4–5 distinct teeth along the lateral margin beside the apical fork; apex bifurcate with the branches sharply pointed at tip. Mesotibia usually with a long spine, sometimes with an additional denticle. Metatibia with a distinct spine.

Female genitalia ( Fig. 213 ): Spermatheca weakly sclerotized, globe-like distally and tuber-like proximally; the tuber-like part rather long, only slightly shorter than the globe-like part. Spermathecal gland obsolete. Spermathecal gland and its duct less than 1/3 times as long as spermatheca. Spermathecal duct nearly as long as spermatheca. Central projection of the 9th tergites markedly protruding posteriorly.

Diagnosis. This new species is similar to P. arcuatus , but can be distinguished by the following characters: 1) the body in both sexes reddish brown, not black; 2) all femora and tibia of male yellowish brown, not black; 3) lateral angles of pronotum more sharply protruding in both sexes; 4) male mandible with the curved-off part at apex shorter; 5) 9th abdominal segment of male with ventral plate abruptly contracted at base; 6) median lobe relatively shorter and smaller in proportion to parameres; 7) intermandibular projection of female wider and transverse; 8) tuber-like portion of the spermatheca in female genitalia markedly longer; 9) central projection of the 9th tergites in female genitalia markedly longer.

This new species can be distinguished from all other species with the keys below.

Distribution. Guizhou (Fanjingshan, Leigongshan).

Figures

FIGURE 235. Distribution of the other Chinese Prismognathus.

FIGURES 57 – 72. Head, pronotum and proleg of male in dorsal view. 57 – 60 — P. alessandrae; 57 — Weixi, Yunnan; 58 — Muli, Sichuan; 59 — Zhongdian, Yunnan, 60 — Pantiange, Weixi, Yunnan; 61 – 64 — P. shani; 61, 63 — paratypes, Siping, Yingjing, Sichuan; 62 — paratype, Erlangshan, Sichuan; 64 — holotype, Erlangshan; 65 — P. arcuatus, Siping, Sichuan; 66 — P. haojiani, holotype, Fanjingshan, Guizhou; 67 — P. sukkitorum, Tengchong, Yunnan; 68 — P. prossi, Siping, Sichuan; 69 — P. kanghianus kanghianus, Hekou, Yunnan; 70 – 71 — P. triapicalis ssp.; 70 — Dayaoshan, Guangxi; 71 — Fengyangshan, Zhejiang; 72 — P. prossi, Maoershan, Guangxi. Scale bar 10 mm.

FIGURES 73 – 78. Habitus in ventral view (not under the same scale). 73, 74, 76 — P. s i n i a e v i; 73 — male, Gongshan, Yunnan; 74 — male, Jinping, Yunnan; 76 — female, Gongshan; 75, 77 — P. klapperichi; 75 — male, Kuatun; 77 — female, Kuatun; 78 — P. haojiani, female paratype, Fanjingshan. Arrow mark directed to the area with or without a marked pubescence.

FIGURES 95 – 110. Head, pronotum and proleg of female in dorsal view. 95 — P. arcuatus, Siping, Sichuan; 96 — P. haojiani, paratype, Fanjingshan, Guizhou; 97 — P. sukkitorum, Tengchong, Yunnan; 98 — P. dauricus, Liaoning; 99 – 100 — P. p ro s s i; 99 — Fanjingshan, Guizhou; 100 — Maoershan, Guangxi; 101 — P. kanghianus kanghianus, Hekou, Yunnan; 102 — P. formosanus, Taiwan; 103 – 105 — P. triapicalis subspecies; 103 – 104 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 105 — Fengyangshan, Zhejiang; 106 — P. triapicalis triapicalis, Erlangshan, Sichuan; 107 — P. s i n e n s i s, holotype, Kuatun; 108 – 110 — P. davidis davidis; 108 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 109 – 110 — Siping, Sichuan. Scale bar 10 mm.

FIGURES 111 – 131. Female canthus (not under the same scale). 111 — P. s h a n i, paratype, Labahe, Sichuan; 112 — P. nigricolor, paratype; 113 — P. arcuatus, Siping, Sichuan; 114 – 116 — P. p ro s s i; 114 — Siping, Sichuan; 115 — Fanjingshan, Guizhou; 116 — Maoershan, Guangxi; 117 – 119 — P. davidis davidis; 117 — Siping, Sichuan; 118 — Tianmushan, Zhejiang; 119 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 120 – 123 — P. triapicalis; 120 — Sichuan; 121 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 122 — Fengyangshan, Zhejiang; 123 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 124 — P. haojiani, paratype, Fanjingshan; 125 — P. dauricus, Liaoning; 126 — P. kanghianus kanghianus, Hekou, Yunnan; 127 — P. alessandrae, Zhongdian, Yunnan; 128 — P. sinen sis, holotype, Kuatun, Fujian; 129 — P. sukk ito rum, Tengchong, Yunnan; 130 — P. formosanus, Taiwan; 131 — P. siniaevi, Gongshan, Yunnan.

FIGURES 150 – 167. Aedeagus in ventral view. 150 – 151 — Prismognathus arcuatus, Sichuan; 152 – 153 — P. haojiani; 152 — holotype, Fanjingshan; 153 — paratype, Leigongshan, Guizhou; 154 — P. kanghianus kanghianus, Hekou, Yunnan; 155 — P. sukkitorum, Tengchong, Yunnan; 156 – 157 — P. triapicalis triapicalis, Sichuan; 158 – 161 — P. triapicalis subspecies; 158 – 159 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 160 — Fengyangshan, Zhejiang; 161 — Dayaoshan, Guangxi; 162 – 163 — P. prossi; 162 — Siping, Sichuan; 163 — Fanjingshan, Guizhou; 164 – 165 — P. siniaevi; 164 — Jinping, Yunnan; 165 — Gongshan, Yunnan; 166 — Tetrarthrius sukkiti, Gongshan, Yunnan; 167 — Cyclorasis fukinukii, Motuo, Tibet. Scale bars 1 mm for all.

FIGURES 168 – 199. Flagellum of the median lobe. 168 – 171 — P. davidis davidis; 168 — Qinling, Shaanxi; 169 — Erlangshan, Sichuan; 170 — Tianmushan, Zhejiang; 171 — Dabieshan, Anhui; 172 — P. davidis cheni, Taiwan; 173 — P. nigricolor, Gongshan, Yunnan, same specimen as in Fig. 226; 174 – 178 — P. klapperichi; 174 — Simianshan, Chongqing; 175 — Wuyishan, Fujian; 176 — Maoershan, Guangxi; 177 — Nanling, Guangdong; 178 — Baishanzu, Zhejiang; 179 — P. dauricus, Liaoning; 180 — P. s h a n i, paratype, Siping; 181 — P. alessandrae, Zhongdian, Yunnan; 182 – 184 — P. p ro s s i; 182 — Siping, Sichuan; 183 — Fanjingshan, Guizhou; 184 — Maoershan, Guangxi; 185 — P. siniaevi, Gongshan; 186 – 187 — P. arcuatus, Sichuan; 188 – 189 — P. haojiani; 188 — holotype, Fanjingshan; 189 — paratype, Leigongshan, Guizhou; 190 — P. kanghianus kanghianus, Hekou, Yunnan; 191 — P. sukkitorum, Tengchong, Yunnan; 192 – 194 — P. triapicalis triapicalis, Sichuan; 195 – 196 — P. triapicalis subspecies; 195 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 196 — Fengyangshan, Zhejiang; 197 — P. formosanus, Taiwan; 198 — Tetrarthrius sukkiti, Gongshan, Yunnan; 199 — Cyclorasis fukinukii, Motuo, Tibet. Figs. 168 – 198 under the same scale. Scale bars 1 mm for all.

FIGURES 212 – 223. Female genitalia and the central protrusion of the 9 th tergites (at left bottom or right bottom). 212 — Prismognathus arcuatus, Sichuan; 213 — P. haojiani, paratype, Fanjingshan; 214 — P. kanghianus kanghianus, Hekou, Yunnan; 215 — P. sukkitorum, Tengchong, Yunnan; 216 – 217 — P. triapicalis triapicalis, Sichuan; 218 – 219 — P. triapicalis subspecies; 218 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 219 — Fengyangshan, Zhejiang; 220 — P. davidis davidis, Siping, Sichuan; 221 — P. siniaevi, Gongshan; 222 — P. prossi, Maoershan, Guangxi; 223 — P. formosanus, Taiwan. Scale bars 1 mm for all.