Rhyncomya Robineau­Desvoidy, 1830: 418

Kurahashi, Hiromu & Kirk-Spriggs, Ashley H., 2006, The Calliphoridae of Namibia (Diptera: Oestroidea), Zootaxa 1322 (1), pp. 1-131 : 94-118

Genus: Rhyncomya Robineau­Desvoidy, 1830: 418 .

TYPE SPECIES: Beria inflata Robineau­Desvoidy, 1830 , by monotypy.

NOTES: Rhyncomya spp. are well represented in Africa (vide Pont 1980), and are widely distributed throughout the Oriental Region and the southern parts of the Palaearctic Region, including the Mediterranean subregion. A European species was recorded as breeding in rotten trunks of maritime pine, while in Africa species appear to be associated with termites and ants (Engel & Cuthbertson 1937: 7). For many species in Africa the biology, life histories and immature stages remain unknown (vide Ferrar 1987, for references).

Rhyncomya bicolor (Macquart, 1843: 281 (124)) ( Idia ).

Fig. 106 .

TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa .

DISTRIBUTION: Namibia * and South Africa (Cape).

MATERIAL: 1♀, Hereroland­West at(2): 18.i–25.ii.1992, Pusch ( PT).

NOTES: Biology, life history and immature stages unknown. In Namibia collected in a pitfall trap in February. The single Namibian record is from north­central Namibia, in the ‘arid’ savanna biome ( Fig. 106 ).

Rhyncomya cassotis (Walker, 1849: 761) (Tachina) .

Fig. 107 .

TYPE LOCALITY: Sierra Leone .

DISTRIBUTION: Widespread mainland Afrotropical Region: Cameroon,? Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia *, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa (Cape, Natal, Transvaal), Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe.

MATERIAL: 1♀, Popa Falls(2), 26–31.viii.1971, [SMStaff], H3666; 1♂, Viljoenskroon 507, 23–30.xii.1998, Olivier(1) ( MT); 1♂, same except: 3–9.xii.1998; 1♀, same except: 30.i–5.ii.1999; 1♀, Nhoma River, 1 km E of, 28.xii.1998, Marais, Kirk­Spriggs(1) & Mann ( MT); 1♀, Susuwe: Kwando River, 20–21.x.1999, Kirk­Spriggs(1), Pape & Hauwanga; 1♀, Mile 46, 25–27.iii.2003, Kirk­Spriggs(1) ( MT); 1♀, Masiye: Salamabala [sic – Salambala] B2, 28.ii–3.iii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs(1) ( YP); 1♂, Kaudom Camp, 22–25.ii.1992, Marais & Pusch; 1♀, Masika: Salambala S6, 24–26.ii.2001, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs(1) ( PT).

NOTES: Biology, life history and immature stages unknown. Both sexes were noted to visit flowers (Compositae, Umbelliferae) in Zimbabwe (Cuthbertson 1934: 39). In Namibia the species has been collected by hand, in yellow pan traps and pitfall traps, but principally in Malaise traps. Mainly in the ‘mesic’ savanna biome of north­eastern Namibia; restricted to the ‘arid’ and ‘mesic’ savanna biome ( Fig. 107 ). Recorded in low numbers in February, March, August, October and December (vide Table 2).

Rhyncomya dasyops Bezzi, 1908 a: 382.

Fig. 108 .

TYPE LOCALITY: Zaïre [= Democratic Republic of Congo] .

DISTRIBUTION: Widespread mainland Afrotropical Region: Angola *, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa (Natal, Transvaal), Sudan, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

PUBLISHED RECORD: S.W. Africa, [no locality], 19°47'E, 20°35'E (Zumpt 1958a: 135).

MATERIAL: 1♀, Waterberg Plateau Park (3), x–xii.1991, Pusch ( PT) ; 1♀, Kwando River: Susuwe, 28.ix–2.x.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) dry woodland .

NOTES: Biology, life history and immature stages unknown. In Namibia collected in pitfall and Malaise traps in October and December (vide Table 2). Restricted to the ‘arid’ and ‘mesic’ savanna biome in north­central and north­eastern Namibia ( Fig. 108 ).

Rhyncomya discrepans Villeneuve, 1927: 22 . Fig. 109 . TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa (Cape). DISTRIBUTION: Namibia * and South Africa. MATERIAL: 1♂, Hungorob ravine at(1): 2.xi. 1999, 700 m, Meakin/Raleigh Int. (MT) Bberg Mal 2. NOTES: Biology, life history and immature stages unknown. In Namibia only collected in a Malaise

trap at low elevation on the Brandberg (700 m), on the edge of the nama­karoo biome ( Fig.

109), in November (vide Table 2).

Rhyncomya forcipata Villeneuve, 1927: 17 .

Figs. 13 , 110 .

TYPE LOCALITIES: Rhodesia [= Zimbabwe], South Africa and Zaïre [= Democratic Republic of Congo] .

DISTRIBUTION: Widespread East Africa to southern Africa: Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa (Cape, Natal, Transvaal), Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe.

PUBLISHED RECORD: Ongeama [22°22'S, 17°18'E], 25.i.1970 (Lindner 1976: 78).

KNOWN RECORDS: Rundu [17°93'S, 19°77'E], 3.iii.1959; Tsumeb [19°23'S, 17°72'E], 17.ii.1972 (NMSA).

MATERIAL: 2♀, Aha Hills at(1): 21–25.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( MT) ; 4♀, Xawasha pan, 26–27.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 1♀, same except: 27.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs(1); 1♂, Kuru , 3 km W, 9–28.i.1991, Marais ( PT) ; 1♀, Nhoma River, 1 km E of, 28.xii.1998, Marais, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Mann ( LT) ; 8♀, Nama , 20–22.xii.1998, Kirk­ Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( MT) ; 18♀, CDM Camp Tsumkwe , v.1993, Green ( PT) ; 1♂, Ruacana Falls , 26–27.viii.1973, [SMStaff], H13989 ; 1♀, Popa Falls (3), 29.x.1987, Marais ; 2♂, 2♀, Takuasa , 14–19.viii.1971, [SMStaff], H3020/H3024 ; 1♀, Popa Falls (2), 26–31.viii.1971, [SMStaff], H3668 ; 1♂, Rodenstein 307, 22.ii–7.iii.1988, Griffin (1) ( PT) ; 1♀, Fisher’s Pan , 14.ii–25.iii.1987, Griffin (1) ( PT) ; 1♀, Ekuju village : Kunene River, 11–12.x.1999, Kirk­ Spriggs (1), Pape & Hauwanga ( MT) riverine forest; 1♀, Elakalapwe , 20.i.1993, Marais ; 1♀, Epembe , 5–11.xi.1989, Roberts ; 1♀, Okashana Agric. Exp. , 28.ii.1992, Roberts, on cowpeas ; 1♂, 1♀, Mahanene Agricultural Research Station , 5.ix–5.x.1993, Wohlleber ( PT) ; 1♂, Tuguva , 13.i.1993, Marais ; 2♂, 1♀, Tokat 343, 10.xi.1994, Marais ( PT) ; 1♀, Erichsfelde 44, 19–22.iii.2003, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Mey ( LT) ; 4♀, same except: 20–22.iii.2003, Kirk­ Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 3♀, same except: ( YP) open savanna; 2♀, Eiseb and Otjinoko Rivers, confluence of, 18.xi–15.xii.1988, Paxton & Marais ( PT) ; 1♀, Kaudom River at: 12–30.i.1991, Marais ( PT) ; 1♂, Rodenstein 307, 22.ii–7.iii.1988, Griffin (1) ( PT) ; 1♂, 2♀, Kohoro Noord 185, 10.xi.1994 – 26.i.1995, Marais ( PT) ; 1♀, Otjiku 192, 16–29.xi.1988, Marais (PT & BT) ; 3♀, Ruacana area , 14.iii.1997, Koch ( MT) ; 6♀, Eiseb River at: 18.xi–15.xii.1988, Paxton & Marais ( PT) ; 1♂, 11♀, Okavarumendu 262, 10.xi.1994 – 26.i.1995, Marais ( PT) ; 2♂, 25♀, De Hoek 878, 3–6.ii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 18♀, Somerkoms 521, 6–8.ii.2001, Kirk­ Spriggs (1), Marais & Wheeler ( MT) ; 1♀, Popa Falls (1), 26.ii.1992, Marais & Pusch ( MT) ; 8♂, 8♀, Epukiro River, 3 km N at: 9–11.ii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 1♀, Sovo / Mile 46 Camp (2), 21–24.iv.2001, Marais, Kasch & Vohland, deciduous woodland ( MT) : BIOTA #02.101.01.7.04; 1♀, Katara : Okavango River, 20–23.i.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( LT) ; 2♀, Katara , 1 km S of, 22–23.i.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) primary forest; 3♂, 32♀, Simanya : Okavango River, 23–24.i.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) primary woodland; 4♂, 3♀, Kwando River: Susuwe , 28.ix–2.x.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) dry woodland; 4♀, Mile 46 Agric. Research Sta. , 21–24.iv.2001, Marais & Kasch ( MT) : Acacia thicket; 3♀, Mile 46, 25–27.iii.2003, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 3♀, Buffalo Base , 3–5.iv.1990, Marais ; 1♀, Qonisha River, 7.iv.1990, Marais ; 1♀, Fort Doppies , 20–21.x.1999, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Pape & Hauwanga ; 2♀, Nova , 5 km N, 16–18.xii.1999, Marais, Mann & Newman, MMN8 ( MT) ; 1♀, Okavango River at: 18–19.x.1999, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Pape & Hauwanga ( MT) ; 1♀, Maunga: Salamabala [sic – Salambala] H2, 28.ii–3.iii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 2♀, same except: ( YP) ; 1♂, 6♀, same except: ( PT) ; 1♂, Nankole : Salambala S 2, 28.ii–3.iii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♂, same except: ( YP) ; 1♀, mopane in Salambala M 4, 24–26.ii.2001, Marais & Kirk­ Spriggs (1) ( PT) ; 3♂, 2♀, same except: ( YP) ; 1♀, Ngala: Salambala H5, 24–26.ii.2001, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 1♂, 1♀, Simataa : Salambala B 6, 24–27.ii.2001, Marais & Kirk­ Spriggs (1) ( PT) ; 1♂, Shaka : Salambala M 8, 27.ii–2.iii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♀, Kwando River: Susuwe , 26–30.ix.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) dry woodland; 6♀, Salambala forest , 23–29.xii.2002, Kirk­Spriggs (2) ( MT) ; 1♀, Salambala campsite, 28.ii.2001, Kirk­ Spriggs (1) & Marais ( LT) ; 6♀, same except: 22–24.ii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 1♂, 12♀, Salambala pan, 23–27.xii.2002, Kirk­Spriggs (2) ( MT) ; 1♂, 1♀, Rundu (Kavango Lodge ), 27–29.iii.2003, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Mey ( LT) ; 3♂, Sovo area , 21–24.iv.2001, Marais & Kasch ( MT) deciduous woodland; 1♀, same except: by hand; 1♂, 1♀, Masiye: Salamabala [sic – Salambala] B2, 28.ii–3.iii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 2♀, same except: ( PT) ; 26♀, same except: ( MT) ; 1♀, Xawasha pan, 2 km W, 26–27.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( MT) ; 1♀, Divuju : Okavango River, 1.i.1999, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( MT) ; 1♀, Mannheim Research Station , 31.i–7.ii.2000, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) mango plantation; 15♀, Simataa: Salamabala [sic – Salambala] B6, 24–27.ii.2001, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♀, Waterberg Plateau Park (2), x–xii.1991, Pusch ( PT) ; 1♀, Waterberg Plateau Park (1), 30.iv–1.vi.1992, Pusch ( PT) ; 1♀, Waterberg Plateau Park (4), x–xii.1991 ( PT) ; 1♂, Waterberg Plateau Park (6), 2.ix–26.ix.1991, Pusch ( PT) ; 1♂, 1♀, Hereroland­West at(2): 25.xi–25.xii. 1991, Pusch ( PT) ; 1♂, 1♀, Hereroland­West at(1): 18.i–25.ii.1992, Pusch ( PT) ; 1♀, same except: 26.x–25.xi.1991; 2♂, same except: 27.ix–26.x.1991; 1♂, 2♀, Hamakari Süd 373(2), 18.i–20.ii.1992, Pusch ( PT) ; 2♂, 1♀, Hamakari 285(1), 20.xi.1991 – 18.i.1992, Pusch ( PT) ; 2♀, Hippo Lodge (Zambezi River), 6–7.ii.2004, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 2♂, 2♀, Bum Hill campsite ( Kwando River), 10–13.ii.2004, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 2♀, Salambala campsite, 8–10.ii.2004, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 3♂, Masika: Salambala S6, 24–26.ii.2001, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( PT) .

NOTES: Biology, life history and immature stages unknown. Cuthbertson (1934: 39) records adults of both sexes, particularly males, on blossoms of various trees and shrubs, e.g. Gymnosporia sp. (Celastraceae) and on the foliage of citrus infested with soft scale (as Lecanium ) in Zimbabwe. Females were also observed ovipositing in soft soil around termite­infested cattle dung in the late afternoon. In Namibia the species regularly comes to UV­light, and has been hand­collected. It is most commonly collected in Malaise traps, as well as yellow pans and pitfall traps. North­eastern, central and north­western Namibia; restricted to the ‘arid’ and ‘mesic’ savanna biome ( Fig. 110 ). Recorded in all months of the year, except the colder months of June and July; most abundantly from December to March (vide Table 2).

Rhyncomya hessei Zumpt, 1958 a: 150.

Fig. 111 .

TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa .

DISTRIBUTION: Mozambique, Namibia * and South Africa (Cape).

MATERIAL: 1♂, Skorpion Hill (1), 8.viii.1997, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( LT) ; 1♂, Skerpioenkop , 20–22.ix.1997, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( YP) ; 1♀, Atlas Bay, 13–26.xi.1993, Marais ( PT) rocky substrate; 1♂, Roter Kamm , 25–30.vi.1989, Roberts ; 1♀, Rooiberg [Mountain], 22–24.ix.1997, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 1♂, 1♀, dolomitic hill, 23–25.ix.1997, Kirk­ Spriggs (1) & Marais ( YP) ; 2♂, 1♀, Rosh Pinah , 8 km W, 25–26.viii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( YP) ; 1♂, 1♀, Tsaus , 24–26.ix.1997, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 1♀, same except: ( MT) ; 3♂, 3♀, Klinghardt Mountains at(1): 27.viii–3.ix.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( YP) ; 2♂, Klinghardt Mountains at(2): 27.viii–4.ix.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (2) & Marais ( YP) ; 3♂, 2♀, same except: 27.viii–3.ix.1998 ( MT) ; 1♂, Skorpion area , 9–12.viii.1997, Marais & Kirk­ Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♀, Dreimasterpunt , 15–25.xi.1993, Marais ( PT) rocky substrate; 1♂, Skorpion Hill (2), 10–24.viii.1998, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 2♂, 3♀, same except: ( YP) ; 3♂, same except: ( PT) ; 2♂, Griffith Bay, 19.x1970, [SMStaff], H10514 ; 1♂, Obib Dunes N at: 19.ix.1973, [SMStaff], H14517 ; 1♀, Bogenfels , 28–29.ii.1972, [SMStaff], H7079 ; 1♀, Riverside 135, 23–26.x.1971, [SMStaff] ( MT) H4853 ; 1♂, Tsondabvlei , 26.x.1985, Griffin (1), H64673 ; 1♀, Messum River at: 17–20.x.1998, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♀, Lower Ostrich Gorge , 3–31.vii.1984, Irish (1) & Liessner, H60019 ; 1♀, same except: 20.xi–18.xii.1984, H61465 ; 1♂, Kaukausib entrance, 1–2.xi.1986, Griffin (1) ( PT) ; 1♂, Huab River at Krone 721, 23–26.x.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 1♀, Greylingshof 107: Gaub Canyon , 2–3.x.1999, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Pape ( MT) ; 1♂, Rössing , 13.iii–9.iv.1984, Irish (1) & Rust (1) ; 1♀, Skorpion Hill (1), 9–12.viii.1997, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♀, Obib waters at: 10–26.viii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( PT) ; 24♂, 6♀, same except: ( YP) ; 1♀, Obib waters, 19–21.ix.1997, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) gravel plains.

NOTES: Biology, life history and immature stages unknown. In Namibia at UV­light, in yellow pan, Malaise and pitfall traps. Virtually restricted to the hyper­arid region of Namibia in the desert, nama­karoo and succulent karoo biomes ( Fig. 111 ). Recorded in all months of the year, except April and May; most abundantly in August and September (vide Table 2).

Rhyncomya interclusa Villeneuve, 1920b: 160 .

Fig. 112 .

TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa .

DISTRIBUTION: Southern Africa: Namibia and South Africa (Cape).

PUBLISHED RECORD: Gobabeb [23°55'S, 15°03'E], 9.ii.1970 (Lindner 1976: 78).

KNOWN RECORDS: Gobabeb [23°55'S, 15°03'E], i.1972, B. Lamoral; Swakopmund [22°68'S, 14°53'E], viii.1927, Dr. Brauns (NMSA).

MATERIAL: There is no recent Namibian material of this species available for study.

NOTES: Biology, life history and immature stages unknown. Apparently restricted to the desert biome of western Namibia ( Fig. 112 ).

Rhyncomya io Peris, 1951: 244. Fig. 113 . TYPE LOCALITY : Kenya. DISTRIBUTION: Kenya and Namibia *. MATERIAL: 1♂, 1♀, Epukiro River , 3 km N at: 9–11.ii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs, Marais & Wheeler ( MT) . NOTES: Biology, life history and immature stages unknown. In Namibia taken in a Malaise traps in

February. The single Namibia record is from the ‘arid’ savanna biome in east­central Namibia

( Fig. 113 ).

Rhyncomya messoria Villeneuve, 1927: 25 .

Fig. 114 .

TYPE LOCALITIES: South Africa and Zaïre [= Democratic Republic of Congo] .

DISTRIBUTION: Southern Africa: Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia *, South Africa (Cape, Natal, Transvaal), Tanzania and Zimbabwe.

MATERIAL: 1♀, Popa Falls(2), 26–31.viii.1971, [SMStaff], H3669; 1♀, Welverdiend 328, 8–13.x.1972, [SMStaff], H9520; 1♀, Lower Dome Gorge, 3–31.vii.1984, Irish(1) & Liessner, H59955; 3♀, same except: 5.vi–3.vii.1984, H59873; 1♀, Upper Ostrich Gorge, 8.v–5.vi.1984, Irish(1) & Liessner, H59300; 2♀, Hereroland­West at(1): 25.xi–25.xii.1991, Pusch ( PT); 1♀, Tsams Ost spring, 26–27.xi.1997, Kirk­Spriggs(1) & Marais ( MT); 1♂, Regenstein 32(2), 19–26.ix. 2000, 2310 m, Woker ( YP): east slope; 1♀, same except: 15–22.viii.2000.

NOTES: Biology, life history and immature stages unknown. In Namibia hand­collected and in pitfall, yellow pan and Malaise traps. Occurring at high elevation on Gross Herzog Friedrich Berg (2310 m). Occurring in central, western and north­eastern Namibia; in the ‘arid’ and ‘mesic’ savanna and desert biomes ( Fig. 114 ). Recorded in low numbers from May to December; the absence of records from January and April is noteworthy (vide Table 2).

Rhyncomya minutalis Villeneuve, 1927: 22 .

Fig. 115 .

TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa .

DISTRIBUTION: Namibia * and South Africa (Cape).

MATERIAL: 1♀, Arandis, 6 km N, 18.xii.1984 – 15.i.1985, Irish(1) & Liessner, H61744; 1♀, same

except: 15.i–12.ii.1985, H61969 ; 1♀, Diamond Area 1 at(2): 2–3.xi.1986, Griffin (1) ( PT) ; 1♀, Wolfsnes, W of, 7.viii–15.ix.1987, Griffin (1) ( PT) ; 2♀, Nauchas 14, 27.i–30.iii.1995, Marais ( PT) ; 1♀, Ekuju village : Kunene River, 11–12.x.1999, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Pape & Hauwanga ( MT) riverine forest; 1♀, Hungorob­Mulde at: 4–5.xi.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) riverbed; 1♀, Hungorob ravine at(1): 2.xi.1999, Meakin / Raleigh Int. ( MT) Bberg Mal 2 ; 1♀, Königstein pan at: 29.v.2000, Meakin / Raleigh Int. ( PT) ; 1♀, Auas 8, 9.ii–23.iii.1996, Marais ( PT) ; 1♀, Blässkrantz 7, 25.v.1990, Irish (1) & Marais ; 1♀, Aukam 104, 7–19.viii.1990, Roberts & Marais ( PT) ; 1♂, Hoagces , 9.ii–22.iii.1996, Marais ( PT) ; 1♀, Obib waters, 19–21.ix.1997, Marais & Kirk­ Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♂, Rosh Pinah , 8 km W, 25–26.viii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( YP) ; 1♀, same except: ( MT) ; 1♀, Tsaus , 24–26.ix.1997, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 1♂, same except: ( MT) ; 1♂, Omaruru Townlands , 21.i–27.ii.1995, Marais ( PT) ; 1♀, Dakota 424(1), 13–23.xii.1993, Pusch ( YP) ; 1♂, Sorris Sorris, SE: Ugab River, 5–6.x.1999, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Pape & Hauwanga ( YP) ; 1♀, Otjiku 192, 16–29.xi.1988, Marais (PT & BT) ; 1♂, Tsams Ost spring, 26–27.xi.1997, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 1♀, Skorpion area , 9–12.viii.1997, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 1♂, 1♀, Skorpion Hill (2), 10–25.viii.1998, Marais & Kirk­ Spriggs (1) ( PT) ; 3♂, 3♀, same except: ( YP) ; 2♂, Rooiberg [Mountain], 22–24.ix.1997, Kirk­ Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 4♂, Klinghardt Mountains at(1): 27.viii–3.ix.1998, Kirk­ Spriggs (1) & Marais ( YP) ; 1♂, 3♀, same except: ( MT) ; 1♂, 3♀, Leeukop 664, 26–30.x.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) riverbed; 2♂, Obib waters at: 25–26.viii.1998, Kirk­ Spriggs (1) & Marais ( YP) ; 4♀, 16♀, Brukkaros, SW side, 2.iv–23.vi.1995, Marais ( PT) ; 1♀, Waterberg Plateau Park (3), x–xii.1991, Pusch ( PT) .

NOTES: Biology, life history and immature stages unknown. In Namibia hand­collected and in yellow pan, Malaise and pitfall traps. Occurring at low and high elevations on the Brandberg (700 m, 1913 m, 2340 m), and is the only calliphorid species recorded from the summit of Königstein, the highest point in Namibia. More­or­less restricted to the western side of Namibia in the hyper­arid zone; in all Namibian biomes ( Fig. 115 ). Recorded throughout the year, except in April and July; most abundantly in June and August (vide Table 2).

Rhyncomya peraequa Villeneuve, 1929c: 186 .

Fig. 116 .

TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa .

DISTRIBUTION: Angola, Kenya, Namibia *, South Africa (Transvaal), Tanzania and Uganda.

MATERIAL: 1♂, Ubussis 3, 11–13.i.1985, Irish (2), H63126 ; 1♂, Alwynkop , 28.i–1.iv.1995, Marais ( PT) ; 1♂, Otjiku 192, 16–29.xi.1988, Marais (PT & BT) ; 1♀, Nauchas 14, 27.i–30.iii.1995, Marais ( PT) ; 1♂, Arnhem 222(2), 5–6.xi.1993, Marais ; 2♀, Leeukop 664, 26–30.x.2001, Kirk­ Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) riverbed; 1♀, Klinghardt Mountains at(1): 27.viii–3.ix.1998, Kirk­ Spriggs (1) & Marais ( YP) ; 1♂, same except: ( MT) ; 1♀, Obib waters, 19–21.ix.1997, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♂, Skorpion Hill (2), 10–25.viii.1998, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( PT) ; 1♂, Skerpioenkop , 20–22.ix.1997, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( YP) ; 1♂, 3♀, Brukkaros, SW side, 2.iv–23.vi.1995, Marais ( PT) ; 3♀, Okapekaha , 20–24.vi.2000, Griffin (1) ( MT) ; 1♂, 2♀, Longipoolis ravine pan at: 1.xii.1999, Meakin / Raleigh Int. ( YP) Bberg pan 26 ; 1♂, 2♀, same except: Bberg pan 25; 7♂, same except: 31.xi.1999 ( LT) Bberg UV 18 ; 1♀, same except: 2.v.2000, Bberg UV 37 ; 1♂, same except: 25.v.2000, Bberg UV 48 ; 1♀, same except: 12.xi.1999 ( MT) Bberg Mal 11; 1♀, same except: 4.v.2000, Bberg Mal 55; 1♀, Upper Hungorob ravine at: 24.xi.1999 ( LT) Bberg UV 13 ; 2♀, same except: 18.viii.2000, Bberg UV 54 ; 1♀, same except: 3.xi.1999 ( PT) ; 1♀, same except: 24.xi.1999 ( MT) Bberg Mal 21; 1♀, same except: 7.iv.2000, Bberg Mal 34; 1♂, same except: 28.iv.2000, Bberg Mal 51; 1♀, same except: 18.vii.2000, Bberg Mal 81; 1♀, same except: 8.viii.2000, Bberg Mal 96; 4♀, Hungorob ravine at: 2.xi.1999 ( LT) Bberg UV 2 ; 2♂, 3♀, same except: 2.xi.1999 ( MT) Bberg Mal 2; 1♀, same except: 2.xi.1999, Bberg Mal 3; 1♀, Falls rock ravine at: 17.iv.2000 ( MT) Bberg Mal 37; 1♂, same except: Bberg Mal 38; 1♂, same except: 2.v.2000, Bberg Mal 52.

NOTES: Biology, life history and immature stages unknown. In Namibia the species comes to UVlight and has been collected in yellow pan, pitfall and Malaise traps. Occurring at low and high elevations on the Brandberg (700 m, 1170 m, 1820 m, 1920 m), including the base of Königstein. Principally in western Namibia, but occurring in all Namibia biomes, except the desert biome ( Fig. 116 ). Recorded throughout the year, except in February and March; most abundantly in November (vide Table 2).

Rhyncomya pruinosa Villeneuve, 1922: 65 .

Fig. 117 .

TYPE LOCALITIES: Kenya, Malawi, Sudan and Zaïre [= Democratic Republic of Congo] .

DISTRIBUTION: Widespread mainland Afrotropical Region: Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gambia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa (Natal, Transvaal), Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

KNOWN RECORD: Rietfontein, 23 miles SW Grootfontein [19°73'S, 17°87'E], 3.iv.1972, South African Expedition (NMSA).

MATERIAL: 1♂, Takuasa , 14–19.viii.1971, [SMStaff], H3022 ; 1♀, Gautsche Pan , 9–13.vi.1971, [SMStaff], H2187 ; 1♀, Orumana , 6 km NE, 20–21.ii.1985, Irish (1) & Rust (1), H63508 ; 1♂, Kameseb , 9.viii–14.ix.1987, Griffin (1) ( PT) ; 1♀, Okaukuejo (2), 12.iv.1989, Marais & Irish (1) ; 1♀, Noitgedag 49, 3–4.vii.1993, Marais ; 1♂, Ogongo Agricultural College , ix– 26.x.1993 [SMStaff] ( PT) ; 1♀, Viljoenskroon 507, 1998, Olivier (1) ( MT) ; 2♀, Dakota 424(1), 13–23.xii.1993, Pusch ( LT) ; 1♀, Ondorusu , 18.i.1993, Marais ; 1♂, Epembe , 5–11.xi.1989, Roberts ; 1♀, Erichsfelde 44, 20–22.iii.2003, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♀, Salambala forest , 23–29.xii.2002, Kirk­Spriggs (2) ( MT) ; 1♀, Salambala pan, 23–27.xii.2002, Kirk­Spriggs (2) ( MT) ; 1♀, Kremetartkop , 22–23.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( MT) ; 1♀, Nhoma River, 1 km E of, 28.xii.1998, Marais, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Mann ( MT) ; 4♀, Nama , 20–22.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( MT) ; 1♂, 6♀, Leeukop 664, 26–30.x.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) riverbed; 1♂, 3♀, Kwando River: Susuwe , 28.ix–2.x.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) dry woodland; 1♀, Epupa , 35 km E: Kunene River, 9–11.x.1999, Kirk­ Spriggs (1), Pape & Hauwanga ( MT) ; 1♂, 6♀, Okavango River at: 18–19.x.1999, Kirk­ Spriggs (1), Pape & Hauwanga ( MT) ; 1♀, Okapekaha , 20–24.vi.2000, Griffin (1) ( MT) ; 1♀, Arnhem 222(1), 23–28.x.1972, [SMStaff], H9673 ; 1♂, Waterberg Plateau Park (6), 18.vi–24.vii.1991, Pusch ( PT) ; 1♂, Hungorob ravine at(1): 2.xi.1999, Meakin / Raleigh Int. ( LT) Bberg UV 2 .

NOTES: Cuthbertson (1933: 104, as R. pictifacies ) notes that males are scarce and that females are very active in late afternoon in cattle kraals and newly ploughed fields in Zimbabwe. He describes the egg and gives details of biology, noting that larvae were found in large numbers in soil under termite­infested cattle dung in patches of shade. He suggests that prey comprises termites. In Namibia the species comes to UV­light and has been collected in pitfall and Malaise traps. Occurring at low elevation on the Brandberg (700 m). Central, north­western and north­eastern Namibia; in the ‘arid’ and ‘mesic’ savanna and nama­karoo biomes ( Fig. 117 ). Recorded throughout the year, except in May; most abundantly in October and December (vide Table 2). Engel and Cuthbertson (1937: 7–9) give an account of the life history, and describe the larva and puparium, illustrating the larval posterior spiracles from behind (p. 8, fig. 6a), and the habitus of the [?3 rd instar] larvae in lateral and dorsal aspects (p. 8, figs. 6b and 6c).

Rhyncomya soyauxi Karsch, 1886: 262 .

Fig. 118 .

TYPE LOCALITY: Angola .

DISTRIBUTION: Widespread East Africa and southern Africa: Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Demo­

cratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Namibia *, South Africa (Cape, Natal, Transvaal), Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

MATERIAL: 1♀, Otjikoko­Süd 61, 18.xi.1971, [SMStaff], H5396 ; 1♀, Arnhem 222(1), 23–28.x.1972, [SMStaff], H9673 ; 1♀, Windhoek (2) [SMStaff], H5646 ; 1♂, 1♀, Ortmansbaus 120, 18–21.x.1971, [SMStaff], H4687/H4685 ; 1♀, Andara , 20–25.viii.1971, [SMStaff], H3354 ; 1♂, Okaukuejo (2), 12.iv.1989, Marais & Irish (1) ; 1♂, Epukiro River, Elandslaagte , 6 km S, 22.xi.1988, Marais ; 2♀, Waterberg Plateau Park (2), 7.x–30.x.1992, Pusch ( PT) ; 1♀, Elandsdrink , 19.iv.1993, Marais & Pusch ; 1♂, Buffalo Trail Camp , 12.iii.1992, Marais & Pusch ( LT) ; 2♀, Beisebvlakte , 3–14.xi.1989, Marais ( PT) ; 1♂, Alwynkop , 28.i–1.iv.1995, Marais ( PT) ; 1♂, 5♀, Gautsche Pan , 9–13.vi.1971, [SMStaff], H2186 ; 1♀, Greylingshof 107: Gaub Canyon , 2–3.x.1999, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Pape ( YP) riverbed; 1♀, Büllsport 172, 28.i–1.iv.1995, Marais ( PT) ; 1♂, 1♀, Divuju : Okavango River, 1.i.1999, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann (S) ; 1♂, 4♀, same except: ( MT) ; 2♀, CDM Camp Tsumkwe , v.1993, Green ( PT) ; 1♀, Thinderevu Omuramba at: 28.ii–13.iii.1992, Marais & Pusch ( PT) ; 1♀, Salambala campsite, 22–24.ii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 1♀, Epukiro River, 3 km N, at: 9–11.ii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Wheeler ; 1♂, Mutompo area (1), 21–25.iv.2001, Marais, Kasch & Vohland ( MT) deciduous woods, BIOTA #02.101.01.7.04; 1♂, Elakalapwe , 20.i.1993, Marais ; 1♀, Mahanene Agricultural Research Station , 5.ix–5.x.1993, Wohlleber ( PT) ; 1♂, Duwisib 84, 28.i–1.iv.1995, Marais ( PT) ; 2♀, Masika: Salambala S6, 24–26.ii.2001, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 2♂, 1♀, Simataa: Salamabala [sic – Salambala] B6, 24–27.ii.2001, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♂, Ngala: Salambala H5, 24–26.ii.2001, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 1♀, Engelbrecht 272: Khoadi // Hôas M2, 26–29.x.2001, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 1♀, Buffalo Base , 3–5.iv.1990, Marais ; 1♂, Noitgedag 49, 3–4.vii.1993, Marais ; 1♀, Mile 46 Agric. Research Sta. , 21–24.iv.2001, Marais & Kasch ( MT) : Acacia thicket; 2♀, Mahango Game Reserve at(2): 2.iii.1992, Pusch & Marais ; 1♀, Fort Doppies , 20–21.x.1999, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Pape & Hauwanga ; 1♂, Leeukop 664, 26–30.x.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) riverbed; 3♀, Katima Mulilo , 11–14.iv.1997, Marais ( YP) floodplain savanna; 1♂, 1♀, Kwando River: Susuwe , 26–29.ix.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MCP) riverine edge; 1♀, Nama , 20–22.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( MT) ; 2♂, 1♀, Northern vet. fence, 2 km S, 20.xi–16.xii.1988, Paxton & Marais ; 2♀, 1♀, Simanya : Okavango River, 23–24.i.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) primary woodland; 1♀, Hamoye Nat. Forest , 5–8.iii.1999, Marais ( MT) ; 2♀, Eiseb and Otjinoko Rivers, confluence of, 18.xi–15.xii.1988, Paxton & Marais ( PT) ; 6♂, 3♀, Somerkoms 521, 6–8.ii.2001, Kirk­ Spriggs (1), Marais & Wheeler ( MT) ; 5♀, Eiseb River at: 18.xi–15.xii.1988, Paxton & Marais ( PT) ; 6♂, 3♀, Nakatwa , 8–13.iii.1992, Pusch & Marais ; 7♂, 7♀, Epukiro River, 3 km N at: 9–11.ii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 4♀, Okavango River at: 18–19.x.1999, Kirk­ Spriggs (1), Pape & Hauwanga ( MT) ; 2♂, 5♀, Noitgedag 49, 3–4.vii.1993, Marais ; 2♂, Mangetti Quarantine Camp , 11.i.1993, Marais ; 11♂, 30♀, De Hoek 878, 3–6.ii.2001, Kirk­ Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 3♂, 4♀, Tokat 343, 10.xi.1994, Marais ( PT) ; 6♀, Okavarumendu 262, 10.xi.1994 – 26.i.1995, Marais ( PT) ; 6♂, 1♂, Viljoenskroon 507, 15–22.ii.1998, Olivier (1) ( MT) ; 1♂, same except: 24.i–2.ii.1998; 2♀, same except: 23–30.xii.1998; 1♀, same except: 12–26.iv.1998; 1♀, same except: 9–16.xii.1998; 1♀, same except: 2–15.ii.1998; 1♂, 1♀, same except:?.1998; 3♂, same except: 7–13.i.1999; 2♂, same except: 13–21.i.1999; 5♂, 1♀, same except: 24–31.i.1999; 1♂, 2♀, same except: 19–25.xi.1998; 1♀, Viljoenskroon 507, 12–18.xi.1998, Olivier (1) ( MT) ; 3♂, same except: 3–9.xii.1998; 1♀, same except: 7–9.ii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 2♂, 3♀, Erichsfelde 44, 20–22.iii.2003, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♂, 3♀, same except: ( YP) open savanna; 30♂, 53♀, Kwando River: Susuwe , 28.ix–2.x.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) dry woodland; 7♂, 3♀, same except: 26–29.ix.1998 ( YP) experiment; 9♀, same except: ( BP) experiment; 3♂, 2♀, same except: ( WP) experiment; 15♂, 14♀, same except: 26–30.ix.1998 ( YP) dry woodland; 2♂, 4♀, same except: ( BP) dry woodland; 1♂, same except: 20–21.x.1999, Kirk­Spriggs(1), Pape & Hauwanga; 1♂, 1♀, Katara : Okavango River, 20–23.i.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 1♂, 2♀, Xawasha pan, 27.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 4♀, Masiye: Salamabala [sic – Salambala] B2, 28.ii–3.iii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♂, 14♀, Kubunyana camp: Kwando River, 28–30.x.2003, Kirk­Spriggs (2) ( MT) ; 2♀, Hamakari Süd 373(2), 18.i–20.ii.1992, Pusch ( PT) ; 1♀, Hereroland­West at(1): 26.x–25.xi.1991, Pusch ( PT) ; 1♀, same except: 27.ix–26.x.1991; 2♀, same except: 29.ix–26.x.1991; 1♀, same except: 25.xi–25.xii.1992; 1♀, same except: 25.vii–25.viii.1991; 1♂, same except: 18.i–25.ii.1992; 1♀, Hereroland­West at(2): 25.xi–25.xii.1991, Pusch ( PT) ; 1♂, 1♀, same except: 18.i–25.ii.1992; 2♀, Hereroland­West at(3): 19.vi–25.vii.1991, Pusch ( PT) ; 2♀, Waterberg Plateau Park (4), x–xii.1991, Pusch ( PT) ; 2♀, Waterberg Plateau Park (5), 18.vi–24.vii.1991, Pusch ( PT) ; 1♀, Singalamwe , 25.xi–23.xii.1991, Marais ( PT) ; 1♂, Regenstein 32(3), 17–24.viii. 2000, 2270 m, Woker ( YP) ; 1♂, 2♀, same except: ( WP) ; 1♂, Regenstein 32(4), 15–22.viii. 2000, 2070 m, Woker: fruit fly B ( NU­L) ; 3♂, Regenstein 32(5), 15–22.viii. 2000, 2310 m, Woker ( YP) : west slope; 1♀, same except: 19–26.ix.2000; 2♂, same except: 8–15.viii.2000; 3♂, same except: 22–29.viii.2000; 2♂, Regenstein 32(2), 15–22.viii. 2000, 2310 m, Woker ( YP) : east slope; 2♂, 2♀, same except: 29.viii–5.ix.2000; 1♀, same except: 29.viii–5.ix.2000; 4♀, same except: 19–26.ix.2000; 7♂, 2♀, same except: 8–15.viii.2000; 1♀, same except: 5–12.ix.2000; 1♀, same except: 12–19.ix.2000; 3♂, 3♀, same except: 22–29.viii.2000; 2♀, Regenstein 32(1), 29.viii–5.ix. 2000, 2270 m, Woker ( MT) ridge; 3♀, Regenstein 32(6), 29.viii–5.ix. 2000, 2310 m, Woker ( YP) : north slope; 1♀, Regenstein 32(7), 19–26.ix.2000, 2100 m, Woker ( YP) : north slope; 2♂, same except: 8–15.viii.2000 ( YP) : north slope; 2♀, same except: 22–29.viii.2000 ( YP) : north slope; 13♂, 21♀, Bum Hill campsite ( Kwando River), 10–13.ii.2004, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 21♀, Popa Falls restcamp, 13–16.ii.2004, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) riverine forest; 1♂, Poacher’s Point , 21.v–20.vi.1986, Griffin (1) ( PT) ; 1♀, Windhoek (1), 1987, Irish (1) .

NOTES: Cuthbertson (1933: 104, as R. pictifascies ) notes that adults of both sexes feed on flowers, especially Compositae, in savanna forest in Zimbabwe. Females were seen to oviposit in rich soil at the edge of fresh cattle dung in October. He notes that the egg is similar to that of R. pruniosa , and gives a brief description of it. Later (Cuthbertson 1938: 125, as R. pictifascies ) provides brief notes on breeding habits, egg deposition and added that mature larvae have been found beneath rhinoceros dung in Zimbabwe. He suggests that larvae may be predaceous on coprophagous Diptera larvae and puparia in soil beneath dung. Engel and Cuthbertson (1937: 7–9) describe the larva and puparium and provide figures of the posterior spiracles (fig. 6a), and habitus of larva lateral and dorsal aspect (figs 6b, 6c). In Namibia the species has been hand­collected, swept and comes to UV­light. It has been sampled in yellow, white and blue pans, in pitfall and Malaise traps and in a McPhail trap baited with Nu­lure. Occurring at high elevations on Gross Herzog Friedrich Berg (2070 m, 2100 m, 2270 m, 2310 m). Occurring more­or­less throughout the country, except the hyper­arid desert and succulent karoo biomes to the west ( Fig. 118 ). Recorded throughout the year; most abundantly in February and September (vide Table 2).

Rhyncomya trispina Villeneuve, 1929b: 62 .

Figs. 14 , 119 .

TYPE LOCALITY: Rhodesia [= Zimbabwe] .

DISTRIBUTION: Southern Africa: Botswana, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia *, Kenya, South Africa (Natal, Transvaal) and Zimbabwe.

MATERIAL: 1♀, Ghaub 47, 16–26.vii.1986, Irish (1) ( MT) ; 1♀, Arnhem 222(1), 23–27.x.1972, [SMStaff], H9674 ; 1♀, Tsotsana , 18 km W, 14–19.vi.1971, [SMStaff], H10528 ; 4♂, 4♀, Gautsche Pan , 9–13.vi.1971, [SMStaff], H2178 ; 2♂, 6♀, Takuasa , 14–19.viii.1971, [SMStaff], H3020 ; 1♀, Hereroland­West at(3): 19.vi–25.vii.1991, Pusch ( PT) ; 1♀, Ruacana area , 14.iii.1997, Koch ( MT) ; 1♀, Eiseb River at: 18.xi–15.xii.1988, Paxton & Marais ( PT) ; 1♂, Namutoni EE Centre, 4–5.iii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 1♀, Northern vet. fence, 2 km S, 20.xi–16.xii.1988, Paxton & Marais ( PT) ; 1♀, B de la Bat Restcamp, 9–13.iv.1993, Green ( MT) ; 1♀, Waterberg Plateau Park (3), 24.vii–2.ix.1991, Pusch ( PT) ; 1♀, Waterberg Plateau Park (5), 18.vi–24.vii.1991, Pusch ( PT) ; 1♀, Xawasha pan, 2 km W, campsite, 25.xii.1998, Mann ( LT) ; 1♀, Makuri , 5 km W, 10–30.i.1991, Marais ( PT) ; 1♀, Kuru , 3 km W, 9–28.i.1991, Marais ( PT) ; 2♀, Kohoro Noord 185, 10.xi.1994 – 26.i.1995, Marais ( PT) ; 3♀, Okavarumendu 262, 10.xi.1994 – 26.i.1995, Marais ( PT) ; 1♂, Ogongo Agricultural College , ix– 26.x.1993, [SMStaff] ( PT) ; 1♂, Enyana , 14–27.i.1993, Marais ( PT) ; 1♂, Etudilondjaba , 14–27.i.1993, Marais ( PT) ; 1♂, Onamihongwa , 14–26.i.1993, Marais ( PT) ; 1♂, Onangombe , 19.i.1993, Marais ; 1♀, Rundu , 10 km S, 12.i.1993, Marais ; 1♀, Tsotsana , 18 km W, 14–19.vi.1971 [SMStaff] ; 1♂, 1♀, Mahanene Agricultural Research Station , 5.ix–5.x.1993, Wohlleber ( PT) ; 1♂, Okongo , 29 km E, 14–15.x.1999, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Pape & Hauwanga ( MT) dry woodland; 4♂, 15♀, CDM Camp Tsumkwe , v.1993, Green ( PT) ; 1♂, 1♀, Nhoma River, 1 km E of, 28.xii.1998, Marais, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Mann ( MT) ; 1♀, Varianto 771/2, 29.iii–1.iv.2003, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Mey ( LT) ; 20♀, Xawasha pan, 2 km W, 26–27.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( MT) ; 16♀, Nama , 20–22.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( MT) ; 1♀, same except: ( LT) ; 30♀, Xawasha pan, 27.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♀, Tsumkwe District at: 23.x.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Loxidonta africana dung ; 1♂, Kremetartkop , 22–23.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( MT) ; 6♀, Divuju : Okavango River, 1.i.1999, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( MT) & (S) ; 1♂, Dikweya , 5 km NE, 14–27.i.1993, Marais ( PT) ; 1♀, Mile 46 Agric. Research Sta. , 21–24.iv.2001, Marais, Kasch & Vohland, Acacia dominated interdune ( MT) : BIOTA #01.101.01.7.04; 1♀, Mangetti Quarantine Camp , 11.i.1993, Marais ; 1♀, Halili , 20–21.i.1998, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( LT) ; 2♀, Katara : Okavango River, 20–23.i.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 2♀, Popa Falls (1), 26.ii.1992, Marais & Pusch ( MT) ; 1♀, B8 rest­stop at: 13–15.xii.1999, Marais, Mann & Newman, MMN3, elephant dung; 1♂, 2♀, Thinderevu Omuramba at: 28.ii–13.iii.1992, Marais & Pusch ( PT) ; 1♀, Buffalo Base , 3–5.iv.1990, Marais ; 1♂, Mahango Game Reserve at(2): 2.iii.1992, Pusch & Marais ; 1♂, Kaudom Game Reserve at(4): 20–22.i.1991, Marais ; 2♀, Nova , 5 km N, 16–18.xii.1999, Marais, Mann & Newman ( MT) ; 1♀, same except: MMN8 ( MT) ; 3♀, Leeupan , 12–30.i.1991, Marais ( PT) ; 1♀, same except: 12–14.i.1991, Marais; 4♀, Kaudom Game Reserve at(2): 11–30.i.1991, Marais ( PT) ; 2♀, Mudumu Game Reserve at(2): 25.xi–4.xii.1991, Marais ( PT) ; 3♀, Rundu , 10 km S, 12.i.1993, Marais ; 8♀, Kaudom River at: 12–30.i.1991, Marais ( PT) ; 1♀, Sangwali , 25.xi–5.xii.1991, Marais ( PT) unburnt floodplain; 3♀, same except: ( PT) ; 5♀, Chwaha River, 3 km NE at: 4–10.iv.1990, Marais ( PT) ; 3♀, Katima Mulilo , 11–14.iv.1997, Marais ( YP) floodplain savanna; 3♀, same except: ( BP) ; 1♂, 12♀, Mutompo area (1), 21–25.iv.2001, Marais, Kasch & Vohland ( MT) deciduous woodland, BIOTA #02.101.01.7.04; 2♂, 5♀, Hamoye Nat. Forest , 5–8.iii.1999, Marais ( MT) ; 8♀, Matende River, 20–21.i.1998, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) primary woodland; 1♂, 3♀, Kwando River: Susuwe , 28.ix–2.x.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) dry woodland; 3♂, 75♀, Simanya : Okavango River, 23–24.i.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) primary woodland; 8♀, Katara , 1 km S of, 22–23.i.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) primary forest; 1♂, 12♀, Katara , 1 km S of: Okavango R., 23–24.i.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 2♀, Sovo area , 21–24.iv.2001, Marais & Kasch ( MT) deciduous woodland; 17♀, Sovo , 21–24.iv.2001, Marais, Kasch & Vohland ( MT) deciduous woodland: BIOTA #02.101.01.7.04; 1♂, 17♀, Mile 46 Agric. Research Sta. , 21–24.iv.2001, Marais, Kasch & Vohland, Acacia dominated interdune ( MT) : BIOTA #01.101.01.7.04; 3♀, Sovo / Mile 46 camp, 21–24.iv.2001, Marais, Kasch & Vohland, hand­collected: BIOTA #02.100.01.7.11 ; 4♀, mopane in Salambala M4, 24–26.ii.2001, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♂, same except: ( YP) ; 1♀, Maunga : Salambala H 2, 28.ii–3.iii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( PT) ; 1♂, 1♀, same except: ( YP) ; 1♂, 7♀, same except: ( MT) ; 1♂, Masika: Salambala S6, 24–26.ii.2001, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( PT) ; 1♂, Nankole : Salambala S 2, 28.ii–3.iii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( PT) ; 1♀, Simataa: Salamabala [sic – Salambala] B6, 24–27.ii.2001, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♂, De Hoek 878, 3–6.ii.2001, Kirk­ Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 8♂, 26♀, Mile 46, 25–27.iii.2003, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 7♀, Salambala , 4 km NE of, 25.ii–1.iii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 2♂, 15♀, Salambala pan, 23–27.xii.2002, Kirk­Spriggs (2) ( MT) ; 3♂, 3♀, same except: 1–4.iii.2001, Kirk­ Spriggs(1); 1♀, same except: 26.ii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( LT) ; 10♂, 23♀, Salambala campsite, 22–24.ii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 2♀, same except: 23.xii.2002, Kirk­ Spriggs (2) ( MT) ; 2♂, same except: 1–4.iii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 6♂, 27♀, Salambala forest , 23–29.xii.2002, Kirk­Spriggs (2) ( MT) ; 6♀, Dussi , 10 km W of, 29–30.xii.1998, Kirk­ Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( MT) ; 1♀, Masiye: Salamabala [sic – Salambala] B2, 28.ii–3.iii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( PT) ; 1♀, same except: ( YP) ; 3♂, 7♀, Mannheim Research Station , 31.i–7.ii.2000, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) mango plantation; 3♂, 18♀, Somerkoms 521, 6–8.ii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Wheeler ( MT) ; 2♂, 17♀, Salambala campsite, 8–10.ii.2004, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 3♀, Popa Falls restcamp, 13–16.ii.2004, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) riverine forest; 1♂, Bum Hill campsite ( Kwando River), 10–13.ii.2004, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♂, same except: ( HT) fruit; 1♀, Hippo Lodge (Zambezi River), 6–7.ii.2004, Kirk­ Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♀, Bagani , 30 km E at: 3–10.iv.1990, Marais ( PT) ; 1♀, Hamakari 285(1), 18.i–20.ii.1992, Pusch ( PT) .

NOTES: Biology, life history and immature stages unknown. In Namibia the species has been sampled in yellow and blue pans, by sweeping, at UV­light, in pitfall and Malaise traps, and in hanging traps baited with fermenting fruit. It has also been collected feeding on fresh African elephant dung. Occurring at high elevation on the Brandberg (1180 m). Principally in northeastern Namibia, but with additional records to the north­west and south­east; restricted to the ‘arid’ and ‘mesic’ savanna biome ( Fig. 119 ). Recorded throughout the year; most abundantly from December to April (vide Table 2).

Rhyncomya tristis Séguy, 1933: 67 .

Figs. 12 , 120 .

TYPE LOCALITY: Mozambique .

DISTRIBUTION: Botswana, Chad, Namibia *, Nigeria, Mozambique, Yemen and Zimbabwe.

MATERIAL: 2♀, Otjikoko­Süd 61, 10–13.ii.1972, [SMStaff], H6467 ; 4♀, Gautsche Pan , 9–13.vi.1971, [SMStaff], H2185 ; 1♂, Omaue 29, 1.ix.1985, Irish (1), H64250 ; 1♀, Etosha Game Park at: 20.v–18.vi.1986, Griffin (1) ( PT) H65571 ; 1♀, Ondundo Hills , 10.x–30.xi.1986, Griffin (1) ( PT) ; 1♀, Mushara , 19.v–20.vi.1986, Griffin (1) ( PT) ; 1♀, Dakota 424(1), 13–23.xii.1993, Pusch ( YP) ; 1♀, Okazewana , 31.iii.1996, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♀, Baraka pan, 10–30.i.1991, Marais ( PT) ; 1♀, Ekango , 25–26.ii.1995, Marais ; 2♀, Makuri , 5 km W, 10–30.i.1991, Marais ( PT) ; 2♀, CDM Camp Tsumkwe , v.1993, Green ( PT) ; 1♀, Kuru , 3 km W, 9–28.i.1991, Marais ( PT) ; 1♀, Omaruru Townlands , 21.i–27.ii.1995, Marais ( PT) ; 3♀, Aha Hills at(2): 9.i.1991, Marais ( PT) ; 1♂, Noitgedag 49, 3–4.vii.1993, Marais ; 1♀, Galton Gate , 27–28.iv.1993, Marais ( LT) ; 1♀, Namutoni EE Centre, 4–5.iii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 1♀, Mahanene Research Station , 25.ii.1992, Roberts & Cunningham, on cowpeas ; 1♀, Northern vet. fence, 2 km S, 20.xi–16.xii.1988, Paxton & Marais ( PT) ; 6♂, 9♀, Mahanene Agricultural Research Station , 5.ix–5.x.1993, Wohlleber ( PT) ; 1♀, Hungorob Valley , 5–16.iv.1999, van Noort & Compton ( YP) , Bushy Karoo­Namib shrubland, NA99–Y83 ; 1♀, Aha Hills at(1): 21–25.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( MT) ; 1♀, Tsaobismund 85 at: 13–15.iv.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 3♀, Nama , 20–22.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( MT) ; 1♂, 7♀, Marienhöhe: Khoadi // Hôas M11, 25–28.v.2001, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 3♂, 3♀, Ruspoort 669: Khoadi // Hôas M14, 25–28.v.2001, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 1♀, Tweespruit 712: Khoadi // Hôas D 4, 25–28.v.2001, Marais & Kirk­ Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 1♀, Pos 3 Persianer: Khoadi // Hôas P 6, 24–27.v.2001, Marais & Kirk­ Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 2♂, 2♀, Engelbrecht 272: Khoadi // Hôas M 2, 24–27.v.2001, Marais & Kirk­ Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 1♀, Persianer 705: Khoadi // Hôas F 2, 24–27.v.2001, Marais & Kirk­ Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 1♂, 1♀, mopane in Salambala M4, 24–26.ii.2001, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 1♀, Maunga : Salambala H 2, 28.ii–3.iii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 2♂, 1♀, Amkarub 269(1), river on at: 24–26.v.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 1♂, Mile 46, 25–27.iii.2003, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♀, Leeukop 664, 26–30.x.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) riverbed; 2♀, Nhoma River, 1 km E of, 28.xii.1998, Marais, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Mann ( MT) ; 1♂, 9♀, Erichsfelde 44, 20–22.iii.2003, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 3♂, 6♀, same except: ( YP) open savanna; 1♀, Salambala campsite, 8–10.ii.2004, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♀, Otjongoro 20, 1–30.v.1988, Komen ( PT) ; 1♀, Salambala S 6, 24–26.ii.2001, Marais & Kirk­ Spriggs (1) ( PT) .

NOTES: Biology, life history and immature stages unknown. In Namibia the species has been collected by hand, at UV­light, in yellow pans, and in pitfall and Malaise traps. With a patchy distribution in north­west, central and eastern Namibia, in the ‘arid’ and ‘mesic’ savanna and nama­karoo biomes ( Fig. 120 ). Recorded throughout the year, except in August; most abundantly in March, May and October (vide Table 2) (Kirk­Spriggs per. obs.).

Rhyncomya zumpti Peris, 1952b: 113 , stat. rev.

Fig. 121 .

TYPE LOCALITY: Mozambique .

DISTRIBUTION: Botswana, Namibia *, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.

MATERIAL: 1♂, Good Hope 397, 10.vii.1965, Chapman, H 1440 ; 1♂, Takuasa , 14–19.viii.1971, [SMStaff], H3020 ; 4♀, Mangetti Quarantine Camp , 11.i.1993, Marais ; 2♀, Rundu , 10 km S, 12.i.1993, Marais ; 1♀, Hamoye Nat. Forest , 5–8.iii.1999, Marais ( MT) ; 1♂, Nama , 20–22.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( MT) ; 1♂, Engelbrecht 272: Khoadi // Hôas M2, 26–29.x.2001, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) ; 1♀, Mahango Game Reserve at(2): 2.iii.1992, Pusch & Marais ; 3♂, 17♀, Dussi , 10 km W of, 29–30.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( YP) ; 2♀, Rundu , 20 km E, 17–18.x.1999, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Pape & Hauwanga ( MT) ; 10♂, 5♀, Epukiro River, 3 km N at: 9–11.ii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 1♀, same except: ( NU­L) ; 8♂, 19♀, De Hoek 878, 3–6.ii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 1♀, Somerkoms 521, 6–8.ii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Wheeler ( LT) ; 16♂, 16♀, same except: ( MT) ; 1♀, Okongo , 29 km E, 14–15.x.1999, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Pape & Hauwanga ( YP) dry woodland; 2♂, 1♀, same except: ( MT) ; 1♂, 7♀, Fort Doppies , 20–21.x.1999, Kirk­ Spriggs (1), Pape & Hauwanga ; 1♀, Thinderevu Omuramba at: 28.ii–13.iii.1992, Marais & Pusch ( PT) ; 1♂, 1♀, Kwando River: Susuwe , 26–29.ix.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( YP) experiment; 1♀, Katara , 1 km S of, 22–23.i.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 1♀, Dussi , 10 km W of, 29–30.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( MT) ; 1♀, Kano Vlei , 3 km N of, 19.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( LT) dry woodland; 5♂, 42♀, Kwando River: Susuwe , 28.ix–2.x.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) dry woodland; 16♀, same except: 26–30.ix.1998 ( YP) dry woodland; 15♀, Mile 46, 25–27.iii.2003, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♀, Mile 46 Agric. Research Sta. , 21–24.iv.2001, Marais, Kasch & Vohland, Acacia dominated interdune ( MT) : BIOTA #01.101.01.7.04; 1♀, Sovo area , 21–24.iv.2001, Marais & Kasch, by hand ; 1♂, same except: ( MT) deciduous woodland; 1♂, Salambala pan, 23–27.xii.2002, Kirk­ Spriggs (2) ( MT) ; 1♀, Salambala , 4 km NE of, 25.ii–1.iii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) ; 2♂, 2♀, Okavango River at: 18–19.x.1999, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Pape & Hauwanga ( MT) ; 5♂, 6♀, Masiye: Salamabala [sic – Salambala] B2, 28.ii–3.iii.2001, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♂, 4♀, Kubunyana camp: Kwando River, 28–30.x.2003, Kirk­Spriggs (2) ( MT) ; 14♂, 24♀, Simataa: Salamabala [sic – Salambala] B6, 24–27.ii.2001, Marais & Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♂, Simanya : Okavango River, 23–24.i.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1) & Marais ( MT) primary wood­ land; 2♀, Xawasha pan, 2 km W, 26–27.xii.1998, Kirk­Spriggs (1), Marais & Mann ( MT) ; 1♀, Bum Hill campsite ( Kwando River), 10–13.ii.2004, Kirk­Spriggs (1) ( MT) ; 1♀, Hereroland­ West at(2): 25.xi–25.xii.1991, Pusch ( PT) ; 3♀, Mutompo area (2), 3.x.2002, Aingura & James, fogging Acacia erioloba .

NOTES: Biology, life history and immature stages unknown. In Namibia the species has been collected by hand, at UV­light, yellow pans, pitfall and Malaise traps, and has been fogged from Acacia erioloba E.Mey (Fabaceae) . It has also been collected in a trap baited with Nu­lure. Principally in north­eastern Namibia; restricted to the ‘arid’ and ‘mesic’ savanna biome ( Fig. 121 ). Recorded throughout the year, except May, June and November; most abundantly in February and September (vide Table 2).

TAXONOMIC NOTE: The nominate species is listed as a junior synonym of R. tristis in Pont (1980: 786). As a result of this study, however, Peris’s species appears to be distinct. Peris’ treatment and description of the new species was reasonable, based upon the writer’s examination of the types, and reference specimens were previously recorded worldwide. The writers follow the taxonomic treatment by Peris (1952), and here reinstate R. zumpti as a valid species.

Appendix II. Records of Calliphoridae (Diptera) from Angola, Botswana, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe, based on material in the collections of the National Museum of Namibia (190 specimens). New country records are indicated with an asterisk (*). All material det. H. Kurahashi, 1997–2005.

ANGOLA

Cosmina gracilis Curran, 1927 a: 2*.

2♀, Cahama, 15 km E, 16°18'S, 14°28'E, 4–6.xii.1974, [SMStaff], H24390 .

Rhyncomya dasyops Bezzi, 1908 a: 382*.

1♀, Huila [District], Sá da Bandeira, SE 1413 Dc , 13–14.xi.1974, [SMStaff], H22100 .

BOTSWANA

Auchmeromyia bequaerti (Roubaud, 1913: 198) *.

1♂, Third Bridge, 19°14'S, 23°21'E, 10.iii.1993, Marais.

Hemigymnochaeta unicolor (Bigot, 1888: 608) .

1♂, Third Bridge, 19°14'S, 23°21'E, 10.iii.1993, Marais.

Isomyia deserti (Karsch, 1888: 378) .

1♀, Third Bridge, 19°14'S, 23°21'E, 10.iii.1993, Marais.

Rhinia apicalis (Wiedemann, 1830: 354) .

1♀, Third Bridge, 19°14'S, 23°21'E, 10.iii.1993, Marais.

Rhyncomya forcipata Villeneuve, 1927: 17 .

1♀, Third Bridge, 19°14'S, 23°21'E, 10.iii.1993, Marais.

Rhyncomya soyauxi Karsch, 1886: 262 .

1♀, Qwihaba Hills, 20°01'S, 21°21'E, 11–14.vii.1993, Marais ( YP) .

3♀, Third Bridge, 19°14'S, 23°21'E, 10.iii.1993, Marais.

Rhyncomya trispina Villeneuve, 1929b: 62 .

1♀, Third Bridge, 19°14'S, 23°21'E, 10.iii.1993, Marais.

Rhyncomya tristis Séguy, 1933: 67 .

2♂, 1♀, Qwihaba Hills, 20°01'S, 21°21'E, 11–14.vii.1993, Marais ( YP) .

Tricyclea fasciata ferruginea van der Wulp, 1884 : ccxciv.

1♀, Third Bridge, 19°14'S, 23°21'E, 10.iii.1993, Marais.

Tricyclea martini (Zumpt, 1953b: 188) .

1♂, Third Bridge, 19°14'S, 23°21'E, 10.iii.1993, Marais.

SOUTH AFRICA

Auchmeromyia bequaerti (Roubaud, 1913: 198) .

2♂, 2♀, Itala Game Reserve Savanne, 27°30'S, 31°20'E, 4–6.iv.2001, Handfg., Koch. Bengalia spinifemorata Villeneuve, 1913: 153 .

1♀, Transvaal, Wolkberg, 24°02'S, 30°00'E, 25.iii.2001, Koch.

Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann, 1818: 44) .

1♀, Cape, Knysna, iv.1954, [F.] Gaerdes Coll., Chrysomia chloropyga Wd. det. [F.] Zumpt , H25145 .

Chrysomya marginalis (Wiedemann, 1830: 395) .

1♂, NW Cape Province, Paradyskloof , 28°19'S, 17°01'E, 2.x.1988, Irish(1) & Marais .

Cosmina gracilis Curran, 1927 a: 2.

1♀, Northern Cape, Vanwyksvlei , 30°21'S, 21°49'E, 19.iii.1988, Marais & Irish (1) .

Hemipyrellia fernandica (Macquart, 1855: 132) .

1♂, Itala Game Reserve Savanne, 27°30'S, 31°20'E, 4–6.iv.2001, Handfg., Koch .

Isomyia deserti (Karsch, 1888: 378) .

1♀, Itala Game Reserve Savanne, 27°30'S, 31°20'E, 4–6.iv.2001, Handfg., Koch .

Isomyia natalensis (Villeneuve, 1917: 347) .

1♂, Transvaal, Pretoria, leg. Zumpt, [F.] Gaerdes Coll., Strongyloneura natalensis V.U. det. [F.] Zumpt 54, H25150 .

Isomyia tristis (Bigot, 1888: 613) .

1♀, Transvaal, Pretoria, leg. [F.] Zumpt, [F.] Gaerdes Coll., Strongyloneura tristis Bigot det. [F.] Zumpt [19]54, H25149.

Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826: 53) .

1♀, Cape, Namaqualand, SE 2916 Bd , 13.iii.1973, [SMStaff], H12211 .

1♀, Northern Cape, Tnong­Gys Dunes , 29°32'S, 17°14'E, 23–25.ix.1988, Irish(1) & Marais .

Phumosia sp.

1♀, Itala Game Reserve Savanne, 27°30'S, 31°20'E, 4–6.iv.2001, Handfg., Koch .

Phumosia nanoides Zumpt, 1958b: 5 .

1♂, 87♀, Itala Game Reserve Savanne, 27°30'S, 31°20'E, 4–6.iv.2001, Handfg., Koch .

Phumosia ? nanoides Zumpt, 1958b: 5 .

8♀, Itala Game Reserve Savanne, 27°30'S, 31°20'E, 4–6.iv.2001, Handfg., Koch .

Rhinia apicalis (Wiedemann, 1830: 354) .

1♂, Cape, Bedford, iv.[19]54, [F.] Gaerdes Coll., Rhinia apicalis Wd. det. [F.] Zumpt 54, H25105 .

Rhyncomya hessei Zumpt, 1958 a: 150.

1♀, NW Cape Province, Witduin , 29°52'S, 17°25'E, 23.ix.1988, Irish(1) & Marais .

Rhyncomya minutalis Villeneuve, 1927: 22 .

1♂, Northern Cape, Kenhardt, 5 km E, SE2921Ac, 17.iii.1988, Marais & Irish(1). Rhyncomya soyauxi Karsch, 1886: 262 .

2♀, Itala Game Reserve Savanne, 27°30'S, 31°20'E, 4–6.iv.2001, Handfg., Koch .

Stomorhina cribrata (Bigot, 1874: 239) .

1♂, Natal, Port Shepstone, Oribi Gorge Park, 30°37'S, 30°09'E, 28.xii.1987, Holm & Marais.

Stomorhina lunata (Fabricius, 1805: 292) .

1♀, Cape, Robinson Pass, nr. Mossel Bay, 16.xii.[19]53, [F.] Gaerdes Coll., Stomorhina lunata F. det. [F.] Zumpt 54. H25099 .

Tricyclea semicinerea Bezzi, 1908b: 77 .

1♀, Itala Game Reserve Savanne, 27°30'S, 31°20'E, 4–6.iv.2001, Handfg., Koch .

ZAMBIA

Bengalia floccosa (van der Wulp, 1884: ccxcii)*.

1♀, Choma, 5 km S, 16°49'S, 26°55'E, 15.iii.1993, Marais.

Bengalia peuhi (Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1891: 420, 436)*.

3♀, Kafue River at: 15°49'S, 28°12'E, 16–18.iii.1993, Marais .

Hemigymnochaeta unicolor (Bigot, 1888: 608) *.

1♀, Kachalola, 14°45'S, 30°35'E, 19.iii.1993, Marais.

1♂, Mfuwe (Luangwa R.), 13°06'S, 31°47'E, 21–24.iii.1993, Marais .

ZIMBABWE

Bengalia cuthbertsoni Zumpt, 1956: 171 .

1♂, Vumba Mountain, 19°07'S, 32°47'E, 16.iii.2001, Koch.

Bengalia depressa Walker, 1958: 211 .

1♂, Nyanga National Park at: 18°27'S, 32°47'E, 10–13.xii.1997, Koch ( MT) .

Bengalia floccosa (van der Wulp, 1884: ccxcii).

6♂, 5♀, Vumba Mountain , 19°07'S, 32°47'E, 16.iii.2001, Koch .

Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann, 1818: 44) .

1♂, Nyanga National Park at: 18°27'S, 32°47'E, 10–13.xii.1997, Koch ( MT) .

Cosmina gracilis Curran, 1927 a: 2*.

4♂, 1♀, Vumba Mountain , 19°07'S, 32°47'E, 16.iii.2001, Koch .

Fainia elongata (Bezzi, 1908a: 383) .

1♀, Vumba Mountain, 19°07'S, 32°47'E, 16.iii.2001, Koch.

Isomyia natalensis (Villeneuve, 1917: 347) .

1♂, Nyanga National Park at: 18°27'S, 32°47'E, 10–13.xii.1997, Koch ( MT) .

Isomyia tristis (Bigot, 1888: 613) .

1♂, Nyanga National Park at: 18°27'S, 32°47'E, 10–13.xii.1997, Koch ( MT) .

Phumosia lutescens (Villeneuve, 1916: 155) .

1♂, Nyanga National Park at: 18°27'S, 32°47'E, 10–13.xii.1997, Koch ( MT) .

Phumosia mossopi Zumpt, 1953 a: 70.

1♂, 1♀, Nyanga National Park at: 18°27'S, 32°47'E, 10–13.xii.1997, Koch ( MT) .

Phumosia nudiuscula Bigot, 1888: 596 .

1♂, Nyanga National Park at: 18°27'S, 32°47'E, 10–13.xii.1997, Koch ( MT) .

Rhinia apicalis (Wiedemann, 1830: 354) .

2♀, Nyanga National Park at: 18°27'S, 32°47'E, 10–13.xii.1997, Koch ( MT) .

Rhyncomya ? cassotis (Walker, 1849: 761) .

1♀, Nyanga National Park at: 18°27'S, 32°47'E, 10–13.xii.1997, Koch ( MT) .

Rhyncomya forcipata Villeneuve, 1927: 17 .

2♀, Vumba Mountain, 19°07'S, 32°47'E, 16.iii.2001, Koch.

Rhyncomya soyauxi Karsch, 1886: 262 .

2♀, Vumba Mountain, 19°07'S, 32°47'E, 16.iii.2001, Koch.

1♂, Nyanga National Park at: 18°27'S, 32°47'E, 10–13.xii.1997, Koch ( MT) .

Rhyncomya trispina Villeneuve, 1929b: 62 .

5♀, Vumba Mountain, 19°07'S, 32°47'E, 16.iii.2001, Koch.

Rhyncomya tristis Séguy, 1933: 67 .

6♀, Vumba Mountain, 19°07'S, 32°47'E, 16.iii.2001, Koch.

Rhyncomya probably viduella Villeneuve, 1927.

1♂, Nyanga National Park at: 18°27'S, 32°47'E, 10–13.xii.1997, Koch ( MT) .

Rhyncomya ?sp. nov.

1♂, Nyanga National Park at: 18°27'S, 32°47'E, 10–13.xii.1997, Koch ( MT) .

Stomorhina lunata (Fabricius, 1805: 292) .

2♂, Nyanga National Park at: 18°27'S, 32°47'E, 10–13.xii.1997, Koch ( MT) .

Tricyclea martini (Zumpt, 1953b: 188) *.

1♀, Vumba Mountain, 19°07'S, 32°47'E, 16.iii.2001, Koch. Appendix III. Gazetteer of localities in Namibia based on label data cited in Appendix I. For contemporary names of archaic districts and ‘homelands’ vide Table 1.

Acacia , 18°31'S, 17°07'E (Etosha National Park)

Ae­ams/Hoanib confluence, 19°14'44''S, 13°20'34''E (Khorixas District)

Agate Beach, SE2615Ca (Lüderitz District)

Aha Hills at(1): 19°47'36''S, 20°59'51''E (Tsumkwe District)

Aha Hills at(2): 19°37'S, 20°58'E (Bushmanland)

Ahaberge, 19°48'S, 21°00'E (Hereroland­Oos)

Aigamas 471, 19°28'S, 17°17'E (Otavi District)

Alwynkop, 24°55'S, 16°14'E (Maltahöhe District)

Ameib 50, SE2115Dc (Karabib District)

Amkarub 269(1), river on at: 19°50'12''S, 14°42'16''E (Khorixas District)

Amkarub 269(2), granite hills at: 19°49'17''S, 14°39'53''E (Khorixas District)

Andara, SE1821Ab (Kavango District)

Arandis, 6 km N, 22°22'S, 14°59'E (Damaraland)

Arnhem 222(1), SE2218Ca (Windhoek District)

Arnhem 222(2), 22°42'S, 18°07'E (Windhoek District)

Atlanta 618, 19°38'S, 14°21'E (Damaraland)

Atlas Bay, 26°49'S, 15°08'E ( Diamond Area 1)

Auas 8, 25°48'S, 17°01'E (Bethanie District)

Augustfelde 42, 26°38'S, 16°18'E (Lüderitz District)

Aukam 104, 26°49'S, 16°56'E (Bethanien District)

Aurusberg, 27°41'S, 16°22'E (Diamond Area 1)

Avis Dam, SE2217Ca (Windhoek District)

B de la Bat Restcamp, 20°30'S, 17°14'E (Waterberg Plateau Park )

B8 rest­stop at: 17°46'56''S, 24°16'31''E (West Caprivi Park)

Bagani, 30 km E at: 18°04'S, 21°52'E (West Caprivi Park )

Baraka pan, 19°39'S, 20°47'E (Bushmanland)

Barby 26, SE2516Dc (Bethanie District)

Beisebvlakte, 18°29'S, 17°02'E (Etosha National Park)

Bird Rock guano platform, 22°52'41.5''S, 14°32'10.6''E ( Walvis Bay District)

Blässkrantz 7, 24°04'S, 16°17'E (Maltahöhe District)

Blinkoog, SE2719Ca (Warmbad District)

Bloubokdraai, 18°50'S, 16°57'E (Etosha National Park)

Bloubokkiedraai(1), 18°52'S, 16°58'E (Etosha National Park)

Bloubokkiedraai(2), 18°50'S, 16°57'E (Etosha National Park)

Bogenfels, SE2715Ad (Lüderitz District)

Boomrivier, 28°01'S, 17°04'E (Lüderitz District)

Brandberg Wes, Ugab R. nr, 20°57'39''S, 14°07'55''E ( Omaruru District )

Brukkaros, SW side, 25°53'S, 17°46'E (Namaland)

Buffalo Base, 18°08'S, 21°41'E (West Caprivi Park )

Buffalo Trail Camp, 18°09'S, 23°23'E (Mudumu Game Reserve)

Büllsport 172, 24°07'S, 16°20'E (Windhoek District)

Bum Hill campsite (Kwando River), 17°46'52''S, 23°20'28''E (Bwabwata Park)

Bushmanland at(1): 19°27'S, 19°50'E

Bushmanland at(2): 19°22'S, 19°36'E

Churutabis 108, SE1717Ad (Bethanien District)

Chwaha River, 3 km NE at: 17°58'S, 22°28'E (West Caprivi Park)

Claratal [18], 22°48'S, 16°50'E (Windhoek District)

Claratal 18, SE2216Dd (Windhoek District)

Dakota 424(1), SE1917Ac (Grootfontein District)

Dakota 424(2), 19°29'S, 17°05'E (Grootfontein District)

De Hoek 878, 21°56'26''S, 20°58'55''E (Gobabis District)

De Valle 226 at: 24°08'S, 16°05'E (Maltahöhe District)

Diamond Area 1 at(1): 28°25'S, 16°19'E

Diamond Area 1 at(2): 27°17'S, 15°58'E

Dikweya, 5 km NE, 17°41'S, 18°32'E (Kavango District)

Divuju: Okavango River, 18°04'04''S, 21°28'51''E ( Mukwe District )

dolomitic hill at: 27°22'30''S, 16°19'34''E (Lüderitz District)

Dorsland, 18°45'S, 14°48'E (Etosha National Park)

Dreimasterpunt, 27°34'S, 15°28'E (Diamond Area 1)

Duikersdrink turnoff, 19°04'S, 14°43'E (Etosha National Park)

Duikersdrink, 19°04'S, 14°43'E (Etosha National Park)

Dussi, 10 km W of, 18°48'32''S, 20°43'57''E (Kaudom Game Reserve)

Duwisib 84, 25°15'S, 16°32'E (Maltahöhe District)

Edimba, 17°28'S, 16°23'E (Ovambo)

Eiseb River at: 20°39'S, 20°05'E (Hereroland­East)

Ekango, 18°41'S, 14°19'E (Kaokoland)

Elandsdrink, 20°19'S, 17°22'E (Waterberg Plateau Park )

Engelbrecht 272: Khoadi//Hôas M2, 19°55'10''S, 14°40'51''E (Khorixas District)

Enuyu, 17°23'S, 16°23'E (Ovambo)

Enyana, 17°37'S, 17°25'E (Ovambo)

Epembe NW at: 17°26'27''S, 13°17'31''E (Opuwa District)

Epukiro River, 3 km N at: 21°22'26''S, 20°06'09''E (Otjinene District)

Epukiro River, Elandslaagte , 6 km S, 21°08'S, 20°46'E (Hereroland­East)

Epupa, 35 km E: Kunene River, 17°03'37''S, 13°29'32''E ( Opuwa District )

Erichsfelde 44, 21°35'46''S, 16°56'16''E (Okahandja District)

Etosha Game Park at: 18°50'S, 16°57'E

Etudilondjaba, 17°36'S, 17°36'E (Ovambo)

Falls rock ravine at: 21°10'42''S, 14°32'52''E, 1920 m (Brandberg)

Fort Doppies , 17°49'28''S, 23°18'49''E (West Caprivi Park)

Galton Gate, 18°52'S, 17°03'E (Etosha National Park)

Gamsberg foot E, 23°20'S, 16°15'E (Windhoek District)

Garib­Ost 275, SE2317Ba (Windhoek District)

Garies Oos 489, 23°54'S, 16°33'E ( Rehoboth District )

Gautsche Pan, 19°48'S, 20°35'E (Bushmanland)

Gelukkie: Okavango, 18°03'S, 21°27'E (West Caprivi Park,

Ghaub 47, 19°28'S, 17°00'E (Tsumeb District)

Gobabeb, 23°24'S, 15°03'E (Namib­Naukluft Park)

Gobabis, 23°03'S, 15°00'E (Gobabis District)

Good Hope 397, SE2219Ad (Gobabis District)

Gorrasis 99, SE2515Bd (Lüderitz District)

Greylingshof 107: Gaub Canyon, 23°29'S, 16°46'E (Windhoek District)

Griffith Bay, SE2615Ca (Lüderitz District)

Griffith Beach, SE2615Ca (Lüderitz District)

Grootberg 191: Khoadi//Hôas M24, 19°46'02''S, 14°20'49''E (Khorixas District)

Hakusembe Lodge road, 17°52'21''S, 19°40'40''E (Rundu District)

Halali, 19°02'S, 16°28'E (Etosha National Park)

Halali Toilet Camp, 18°57'S, 16°33'E (Etosha National Park)

Halifax Island, 26°39'00''S, 15°04'50''E (Lüderitz District)

Halili, 17°52'58''S, 19°26'49''E (Rundu District)

Hamakari 285(1), 20°35'S, 17°20'E (Otjiwarongo District)

Hamakari 285(2), 20°37'S, 17°21'E (Otjiwarongo District)

Hamakari Süd 373(1), 20°40'S, 17°24'E (Otjiwarongo District)

Hamakari Süd 373(2), 20°40'S, 17°23'E (Otjiwarongo District)

Hamakari Süd 373(3), 20°41'S, 17°25'E (Otjiwarongo District)

Hamakari Süd 373(4), 20°40'S, 17°26'E (Otjiwarongo District)

Hamoye Nat. Forest, 18°12'S, 19°43'E (Rundu District)

Hartmann’s Valley at: 17°34'01''S, 12°16'36''E (Opuwo District)

Helio(1), 19°03'S, 16°29'E (Etosha National Park)

Helio(2), 19°01'S, 16°30'E (Etosha National Park)

Hereroland­Oos at: 20°20'S, 20°48'E

Hereroland­West at(1): 20°33'S, 17°28'E

Hereroland­West at(2): 20°31'S, 17°29'E,

Hereroland­West at(3): 20°27'S, 17°34'E

Hippo Lodge (Zambezi River), 17°29'45''S, 24°20'03''E (Katima Mulilo District)

Hippo Pool, 17°24'S, 14°12'E (Ovambo)

Hoagces, 25°55'S, 17°56'E (Keetmanshoop District)

Hoffnung 66, SE2217Ac (Windhoek District)

Huab River at Krone 721, 20°37'09''S, 13°54'31''E (Khorixas District)

Hungorob ravine at(1): 21°13'25''S, 14°31'03''E, 700 m (Brandberg)

Hungorob ravine at(2): 21°11'30''S, 14°31'40''E (Brandberg)

Hungorob ravine at: 21°13'25''S, 14°31'03''E, 700 m (Brandberg)

Hungorob Ravine Mouth, 21°13'36''S, 14°31'00''E, 700 m (Brandberg)

Hungorob River at: 21°13'0.5'S, 14°31'0.1'E, 1200 m (Brandberg)

Hungorob Valley, 21°11.40'S, 14°31.69'E, 1180 m (Brandberg)

Hungorob, 500 m N into, 21°13'S, 14°31'E, 700 m (Brandberg)

Hungorob­Mulde at: 21°09'0.8''S, 14°31'0.7''E, 1913 m (Brandberg)

Kameseb, N of, 19°04'S, 16°41'E (Etosha National Park)

Kano Vlei, 3 km N of, 19°17'15''S, 20°21'03''E (Tsumkwe District)

Karasburg, 5 km NW, 27°58'S, 18°43'E (Karasburg District)

Kaross, 19°21'S, 14°31'E (Etosha National Park)

Katara, 1 km S of, 17°50'25''S, 18°54'26''E (Rundu District)

Katara: Okavango River, 17°48'56''S, 18°53'38''E ( Rundu District )

Katima Mulilo, 17°59'S, 24°17'E (Katima Mulilo District)

Kaudom Game Reserve at(1): 18°37'S, 20°37'E

Kaudom Game Reserve at(2): 19°04'S, 20°48'E

Kaudom Game Reserve at(3): 18°56'S, 20°57'E

Kaudom Game Reserve at(4): 19°02'S, 20°31'E

Kaudom River at: 18°29'S, 20°56'E ( Kaudom Game Reserve )

Kaukausib entrance, SE2615Dc (Diamond Area 1)

Keimasmund 98, 28°46'S, 19°16'E (Karasburg District)

Khabus 146(1), 26°17'S, 18°14'E (Keetmanshoop District)

Khabus 146(2), 26°18'S, 18°13'E (Keetmanshoop District)

Khorab, SE1917Ac (Otavi District)

Klein Dobe, 19°26'S, 20°33'E (Bushmanland)

Klinghardt Mountains at(1): 27°20'04''S, 15°46'00''E (Lüderitz District)

Klinghardt Mountains at(2): 27°21'13''S, 15°42'54''E (Lüderitz District)

Klippan, 19°04'S, 14°26'E (Etosha National Park)

Kohoro Noord 185, 21°58'S, 18°43'E ( Gobabis District )

Kongola, 26 km W, 17°48'S, 23°05'E ( West Caprivi)

Königstein pan at: 21°08'48''S, 14°34'17''E, 2340 m (Brandberg)

Koreangab Dam, SE2217Ca (Windhoek District)

Kosos 11, 25°41'S, 16°57'E (Bethanie District)

Kowisberg, 26°42'S, 15°23'E (Diamond Area 1)

Kremetartkop, 19°51'25''S, 20°54'27''E (Tsumkwe District)

Kubunyana camp: Kwando River, 17°87'S, 23°33'E (Katima Mulilo District)

Kuiseb R. nr. Gobabeb, 23°34'S, 15°03'E (Namib­Naukluft Park)

Kunene Mouth , 17°16'S, 11°47'E (Skeleton Coast Park)

Kunene River Mouth, 17°15.97''S, 11°46.83''E (Skeleton Coast Park)

Kuru, 3 km W, 19°56'S, 20°38'E (Bushmanland)

Kwando River at: 17°46'S, 23°20'E (West Caprivi Park)

Kwando River: Susuwe, 17°45'37''S, 23°20'55''E (West Caprivi Park)

Leeukop 664, 19°53'15''S, 14°21'44''E (Khorixas District)

Leeupan, 18°40'S, 20°52'E (Kaudom Game Reserve)

Lekkerwater 406, 24°04'36''S, 18°29'37''E (Mariental District)

Longipoolis ravine pan at: 21°11'33''S, 14°33'30''E, 1820 m (Brandberg)

Lower Dome Gorge, 22°28'S, 15°04'E (Swakopmund District)

Lower Ostrich Gorge, 22°30'S, 14°58'E (Swakopmund District)

Luchando village, 17°52'40''S, 24°45'27''E (Katima Mulilo District)

Mahanene Agricultural Research Station, 17°26'S, 14°47'E (Ovambo)

Mahanene Research Station, 17°27'S, 14°48'E (Ovambo)

Mahango Game Reserve at(1): 18°13'S, 21°45'E

Mahango Game Reserve at(2): 18°16'S, 21°42'E

Makuri, 5 km W, 19°40'S, 20°40'E (Bushmanland)

Mangetti Quarantine Camp, 18°40'S, 19°02'E (Kavango District)

Mannheim Research Station, 19º10'10''S, 17º45'33''E (Tsumeb District)

Marienhöhe: Khoadi//Hôas M11, 19°25'34''S, 14°25'55''E (Khorixas District)

Masika: Salambala S6, 17°57'20''S, 24°26'00''E (Katima Mulilo District)

Masiye: Salamabala [sic – Salambala] B2, 17º47'21''S, 24º38'38''E (Katima Mulilo District)

Mason Shelter, 21°04'42''S, 14°35'33''E, 1750 m (Brandberg)

Matende River, 17°54'46''S, 19°35'16''E ( Rundu District )

Messum Crater at: 21°24'S, 14°12'E (Swakopmund District)

Messum Crater, eastern, 21°24'S, 14°17'E (Swakopmund District)

Messum River at: 21°15'31''S, 14°28'17''E ( Omaruru District )

Messum River, 21°15'31''S, 14°28'17''E ( Omaruru District )

Messum Valley, 21°13.29'S, 14°30.98'E, 700 m (Brandberg)

Mile 46 Agric. Research Sta., 18°18'22''S, 19°15'24''E (Rundu District)

Mile 46, 18°18'39''S, 19°15'29''E (Rundu District)

mopane in Salambala M4, 17°42'55''S, 24°32'47''E (Katima Mulilo District)

Morester 451, 25°10'S, 19°58'E (Mariental District)

Mudumu Game Reserve at(1): 18°10'S, 23°25'E

Mudumu Game Reserve at(2): 18°08'S, 23°26'E

Mudumu Mulapo, 18°06'S, 23°25'E (Mudumu Game Reserve)

Mukorob 14, SE2518Ca (Namaland)

Mushara, 18°37'S, 16°53'E (Etosha National Park)

Mushare, S of, 18°37'S, 16°53'E (Etosha National Park)

Mutompo area(1), 18°18'37.2''S, 19°15'36.7''E (Rundu District)

Mutompo area(2), 18°30'601'S, 19°25'882'E (Rundu District)

Nakatwa, 18°11'S, 23°25'E (Mudumu Game Reserve)

Nama, 19°54'34''S, 20°44'08''E (Tsumkwe District)

Namib Desert Res, Stn., Kuiseb Riv., 23°33'45''S, 15°02'38''E, 420 m (Namib­Naukluft Park) Namuskluft 88(1), SE2716Dd (Lüderitz District)

Namuskluft 88(2), 27°59'S, 16°49'E (Lüderitz District)

Namutoni EE Centre, 18°48'S, 17°02'E ( Etosha National Park )

Nangera, 17°37'S, 18°08'E (Kavango District)

Nankole: Salambala S2, 17°57'01''S, 24°39'13''E (Katima Mulilo District)

Nauchas 14, 23°36'S, 17°21'E (Windhoek District)

Naukluft campsite, 24°15.933'S, 16°14.365''E (Namib­Naukluft Park)

Naukluft spring, 24°15'78''S, 16°14'08''E (Namib­Naukluft Park)

Nau­Obes, 19°19'S, 16°37'E (Etosha National Park)

Ngala: Salambala H5, 17°55'07''S, 24°23'45''E (Katima Mulilo District)

Nhoma River at: 19°03'S, 20°43'E ( Kaudom Game Reserve )

Nhoma River, 1 km E of, 19°10'00''S, 20°36'09''E (Tsumkwe District)

Nkasa Island , 18°27'S, 23°36'E (East Caprivi)

Noachabeb, SE2718Ad (Keetmanshoop District)

Noitgedag 49, 21°45'S, 16°04'E (Karibib District)

Northern vet. fence on Gam Road, 20°31'S, 20°42'E (Hereroland­East)

Northern vet. fence, 2 km S, 20°33'S, 20°59'E (Hereroland­East)

Nova, 5 km N, 18°09'56''S, 21°44'31''E (West Caprivi Park)

Nugas 667: Khoadi//Hôas A5, 20°02'17''S, 14°18'43''E (Khorixas District)

Obib Dunes N at: 27°59'S, 16°33'E (Lüderitz District)

Obib waters at: 28°00'08''S, 16°38'46''E (Lüderitz District)

Obib waters, 28°00'S, 16°38'E (Lüderitz District)

Odila River at: 17°29'S, 16°51'E (Ovambo)

Ogongo Agricultural College, SE1715Cb (Ovamboland)

Ohamwaala, 17°25'S, 16°03'E (Ovambo)

Okahandja [SE2116Dd] (Okahandja District)

Okakarara area, SE2017Cb (Hereroland)

Okambondevlakte, 19°12'S, 13°29'E (Kaokoland)

Okapekaha, 21°28.324'S, 15°52.845'E (Omaruru District)

Okashana Agric. Exp., 18°25'S, 16°39'E (Ovambo)

Okaukuejo(1), SE1915Bb (Etosha National Park)

Okaukuejo(2), 19°10'S, 15°53'E (Etosha National Park)

Okaukuejo­Duikersdrink rds. junction on, 19°04'S, 15°43'E (Etosha Game Park)

Okavango River at: 18°13'19''S, 21°45'10''E (Mahango Game Park)

Okavarumendu 262, 21°35'S, 18°46'E (Gobabis District)

Okazewana, 18°25'S, 13°47'E (Opuwo District)

Okongo, 29 km E, 17°37'22''S, 17°28'44''E (Eenhana District)

Okosomingo 149, 20°37'S, 17°08'E (Otjiwarongo District)

Olifantsrus, 18°57'S, 14°51'E (Etosha National Park)

Omaruru Townlands, 21°28'S, 15°58'E (Omaruru District)

Omatako Ranch 305, 21°30'46''S, 16°44'00''E (Okahandja District)

Omatako, 2 km W, 19°16'S, 19°18'E (Bushmanland)

Omatjenguma, 8 km NE, 17°58'S, 12°21'E (Opuwo District)

Omatjenne Agricultural Research Station, 22°24'352''S, 16°29'140''E (Otjiwarongo District) Omaue 29, 21°05'S, 15°56'E (Omaruru District)

Omega, 13 km W of, 18°03'S, 22°04'E (West Caprivi Park )

Omega, 21 km W, 18°03'S, 22°01'E ( West Caprivi)

Omega, 8 km E, 18°02'S, 22°16'E ( West Caprivi)

Onamihongwa, 17°36'S, 17°02'E (Ovambo)

Onangombe, 17°23'S, 15°07'E (Ovambo)

Ondorusu, 17°25'S, 13°57'E (Kaokoland)

Ondundo Hills, 19°15'S, 15°43'E (Etosha National Park)

Ondundozonananandana Mts., 19°15'S, 15°43'E (Etosha Game Park)

Onduri, 17°32'S, 16°37'E (Ovambo)

Opdraend 718, 20°17'S, 14°13'E (Khorixas District)

Oranjemund, 28°33'S, 16°27'E (Diamond Area 1)

Oranjemund, Long Island, 28°35'S, 16°27'E (Diamond Area 1)

Orohona, 17°42'S, 13°36'E (Kaokoland)

Ortmansbaus 120, SE2818Bd (Warmbad District)

Orumana, 6 km NE, 18°13'S, 13°57'E (Kaokoland)

Orupembe, 21 km SW, SE1812Ad (Kaokoland)

Orupembe, 30 km WNW, 18°07'S, 12°21'E (Kaokoland)

Otjiguinas 458, SE1917Ab (Tsumeb District)

Otjikoko­Süd 61, SE2115Ad (Omaruru District)

Otjikotoberg 459, SE1917Ab (Tsumeb District)

Otjinhungwa, SE1712Ab (Kaokoland)

Otjiseva 45, SE2216Bd (Windhoek District)

Otjitembi 25, SE1915Dc (Outjo District)

Otjongoro 20, 20°53'S, 15°38'E (Omaruru District)

Oudam 354, 23°37'S, 16°41'E (Rehoboth District)

Persianer 705, 19°47'S, 14°15'E (Damaraland)

Persianer 705: Khoadi//Hôas F2, 19°48'54''S, 14°13'10''E (Khorixas District)

Plateau 38, SE2616Cb (Lüderitz District)

plateau at: 21°10'50''S, 14°32'50''E, 1960 m (Brandberg)

Poacher’s Point, 18°30'S, 16°31'E (Etosha Game Park)

Popa Falls restcamp, 18°07'17''S, 21°34'59''E (Mukwe District)

Popa Falls (1), 18°07'S, 21°04'E (Kavango District)

Popa Falls (2), 18°07'S, 21°33'E (Kavango District)

Popa Falls (3), 18°35'S, 20°07'E (Kavango District)

Pos3 Persianer: Khoadi//Hôas P6, 19°50'16''S, 14°16'14''E (Khorixas District)

Possession Island, 27°00'32''S, 15°11'33''E (Lüderitz District)

Qonisha River, 1 km SW at: 17°56'S, 22°37'E (West Caprivi Park)

Qugali River, 18°01'S, 22°18'E (West Caprivi Park)

Regenstein 32(1), Gross Herzog Friedrich Berg, 22°42'27''S, 17°03'46''E (Windhoek District) Regenstein 32(2), Gross Herzog Friedrich Berg, 22°42'31''S, 17°03'42''E (Windhoek District) Regenstein 32(3), Gross Herzog Friedrich Berg, 22°42'26''S, 17°03'47''E (Windhoek District) Regenstein 32(4), Gross Herzog Friedrich Berg, 22°41'59''S, 17°03'37''E (Windhoek District) Regenstein 32(5), Gross Herzog Friedrich Berg, 22°42'36''S, 17°03'33''E (Windhoek District) Regenstein 32(6), Gross Herzog Friedrich Berg, 22°42'19''S, 17°03'35''E (Windhoek District) Regenstein 32(7), Gross Herzog Friedrich Berg, 22°42'19''S, 17°03'35''E (Windhoek District) Renostervlei, 2 km E, 19°09'59''S, 14°33'12''E (Etosha National Park)

Restcamp, 20°30'S, 17°14'E (Waterberg Plateau Park )

Riverside 135, SE2616Ca (Bethanie)

Robbie’s Pass, 18°39'S, 13°32'E (Kaokoland)

Rooiberg [Mountain], 27°38'S, 16°28'E (Lüderitz District)

Rosh Pinah, 2 km ESE, 27°58'S, 16°47'E (Lüderitz District)

Rosh Pinah, 8 km W, 27°59'28''S, 16°39'14''E (Lüderitz District)

Rössing, 22°28'S, 15°02'E (Swakopmund District)

Roter Kamm, 27°46'S, 16°18'E (Lüderitz District)

Rotkop, 26°42'S, 15°23'E (Diamond Area 1)

Ruacana area, 17°26'S, 14°09'E (Opuwo District)

Ruacana Falls, SE1714Ac (Owambo)

Rundu (Kavango Lodge), 17°54'43''S, 19°45'33''E (Rundu District)

Rundu, 10 km S, 18°00'S, 19°41'E (Kavango District)

Rundu, 20 km E, 17°55'46''S, 19°58'43''E (Rundu District)

Rundu, 80 km W, SE1719Cc (Kavango District)

Ruspoort 669: Khoadi//Hôas M14, 20°01'46''S, 14°26'52''E (Khorixas District)

Salambala campsite, 17°50'01''S, 24°36'09''E (Katima Mulilo District)

Salambala forest, 17°50'02''S, 24°36'20''E (Katima Mulilo District)

Salambala pan, 17°50'00''S, 24°35'58''E (Katima Mulilo District)

Salambala, 4 km NE of, 17°49'21''S, 24°36'07''E (Katima Mulilo District)

Sambyo Catholic Mission, 17°49'S, 20°01'E (Kavango District)

Sangwali, 18°14'S, 23°36'E ( Eastern Caprivi)

Sesfontein Fort, 19°07'15''S, 13°37'06''E (Opuwo District)

Shaka: Salamabala [sic – Salambala] M8, 17°51'29''S, 24°28'14''E (Katima Mulilo District) Simanya: Okavango River, 17°33'17''S, 18°32'30''E (Rundu District)

Simataa: Salambala B6, 17°48'36''S, 24°32'18''E (Katima Mulilo District)

Singalamwe, 17°39'S, 23°25'E ( East Caprivi)

Skeleton Coast Park at: 20°0.407'S, 13°15.932'E

Skerpioenkop, 27°46'00'S, 16°29'56'E (Lüderitz District)

Skorpion area, 27°49'S, 16°36'E (Lüderitz District)

Skorpion Hill(1), 27°49'S, 16°36'E (Lüderitz District)

Skorpion Hill(2), 27°49'31''S, 16°35'59''E (Lüderitz District)

Somerkoms 521, 22°01'59''S, 19°57'22''E (Gobabis District)

Soncana, 6 km E, 19°03'S, 20°39'E (Kaudom Game Reserve)

Sonderwater 361, 22°44'21''S, 16°28'35''E (Windhoek District)

Sorris Sorris, SE: Ugab River, 20°59'09''S, 14°47'32''E (Khorixas District)

Sossusvlei, SE2415Cd (Lüderitz District)

Sovo area, 18°18'37''S, 19°15'36''E (Rundu District)

Sovo, 18°18'37.2''S, 19°15'36.7''E (Rundu District)

Sovo/Mile 46 Camp(1), 18°18'06''S, 19°15'30''E (Rundu District)

Sovo/Mile 46 Camp(2), 18°18'37.2''S, 19°15'36.7''E (Rundu District)

Sprokieswoud, 19°05'S, 15°37'E (Etosha National Park)

Sturmfeld 252, SE2118Db [Gobabis District]

Swakopmund, 63 km E, 22°45'S, 15°58'E (Namib­Naukluft Park)

Swakopmund, SE2214Cb (Swakopmund District)

Swartbaas West 276, SE2619Dc (Keetmanshoop District)

Swartkop, 28°20'S, 16°46'E (Diamond Area 1)

Sylvia Hill, SE2514Bb (Lüderitz District)

Takuasa, SE1720Cd (Kavango District)

Thinderevu Omuramba at: 18°15'S, 21°40'E (Mahango Game Reserve)

Tobiroen, SE1814Dd (Etosha National Park)

Toggenburg 591 campsite, 19°28'32''S, 17°58'04''E (Grootfontein District)

Tokat 343, 21°43'S, 18°49'E (Gobabis District)

Trekkersboom, 19°18'00''S, 20°39'42''E (Tsumkwe District)

Tsams Ost spring, 24°14'45''S, 16°06'17''E (Namib­Naukluft Park)

Tsaobismund 85 at: 22°22'40''S, 15°44'58''E (Karibib District)

Tsaus, 27°10'29''S, 16°07'06''E (Lüderitz District)

Tsisab, N end, 21°05'S, 14°40'E (Brandberg)

Tsondabvlei, 23°58'S, 15°25'E (Namib­Naukluft Park)

Tsotsana, 18 km W, 19°04'S, 20°37'E (Bushmanland)

Tsumkwe District at: 19°51'30''S, 20°57'41''E

Tsumkwe(1), SE1920Cb (Bushmanland)

Tsumkwe(2), SE1920Da (Bushmanland)

Tsumkwe, 40 km NW, SE1920Ad (Bushmanland)

Tuguva, 17°26'S, 18°27'E (Kavango District)

Tweekoppies, 19°02'S, 16°59'E (Etosha National Park)

Tweespruit 712: Khoadi//Hôas D4, 20°05'59''S, 14°12'26''E (Khorixas District)

Ubussis 3, 24°22'S, 16°04'E (Namib­Naukluft Park)

Uigaranm 5 km SE of, 21°31'27''S, 15°31'30''E (Omaruru District)

Uisberg, 21°07'S, 14°51'E (Omaruru District)

Upper Hungorob at: 21°11'27''S, 14°31'40''E, 1170 m (Brandberg)

Upper Hungorob ravine at: 21°11'27''S, 14°31'40''E, 1170 m (Brandberg)

Upper Ostrich Gorge, 22°29'S, 14°59'E (Swakopmund District)

Upper Panner Gorge, 22°29'S, 15°01'E (Swakopmund District)

Varianto 771/2, 19°23'00''S, 17°43'57''E (Tsumeb District)

Veterinary Services HQ (KM1)(1), 17°29.296'S, 24°18.267'E (Katima Mulilo District)

Veterinary Services HQ (KM1)(2), 17°29.293'S, 24°18.267'E (Katima Mulilo District) Viljoenskroon 507, 25°10'S, 19°58'E (Mariental District)

Vredekoppies Perdekamp, 19°20'S, 16°54'E (Etosha National Park)

W Lorelei, SE2816Bb (Lüderitz District)

Wasserfallfläche(1), 21°10'48''S, 14°33'11''E (Brandberg)

Wasserfallfläche(2), 21°10.77'S, 14°32.87'E, 1960 m (Brandberg)

Wasserfallfläche, below, 21°10'43''S, 14°32'51''E (Brandberg)

Wasserfallfläche, plain E of 21°10'S, 14°33'E, 2000 m (Brandberg)

Wasservallei 382, SE2216Dc (Windhoek District)

Waterberg Plateau Park(1), 20°23'S, 17°18'E ( Otjiwarongo District )

Waterberg Plateau Park(2), 20°25'S, 17°20'E ( Otjiwarongo District )

Waterberg Plateau Park(3), 20°29'S, 17°15'E ( Otjiwarongo District )

Waterberg Plateau Park(4), 20°19'S, 17°19'E ( Otjiwarongo District )

Waterberg Plateau Park(5), 20°24'S, 17°23'E ( Otjiwarongo District )

Waterberg Plateau Park(6), 20°24'S, 17°15'E ( Otjiwarongo District )

Waterberg Plateau Park, Onjoka, SE2017Ad (Otjiwarongo District)

Waterberg Plato Park, SE2017Ad (Otjiwarongo District)

Welverdiend 328, SE2519Dd (Keetmanshoop District)

Welwitschia Wash , 23°33'S, 15°02'E (Namib­Naukluft Park)

Wesselton 176, 21°02'S, 17°03'E (Otjiwarongo District)

Windhoek(1), 22°34'S, 17°05'E (Windhoek District)

Windhoek(2), SE2217Ca (Windhoek District)

Windhoek, 10 km out on Gamsberg Rd., SE2217Ca (Windhoek District)

Windhoek, S. Industrial Area, behind Namib Breweries, SE2217Ca (Windhoek District) Wolfnes­Okondeka rds., W of junction of, 19°03'S, 15°52'E (Etosha Game Park)

Wolfsnes, W of, 19°03'S, 15°52'E (Etosha National Park)

Xawasha pan, 19°09'58''S, 20°54'40''E (Tsumkwe District)

Xawasha pan, 2 km W, 19°09'57''S, 20°52'55''E (Tsumkwe District)

Xawasha pan, 3 km E, 19°09'53''S, 20°57'40''E (Tsumkwe District)

Zaris 103, 24°55'S, 16°25'E (Maltahöhe District)

Figures

FIGURES 105–110. Distributions of Namibian Calliphoridae species. 105. Pseudorhyncomyia deserticola Zumpt and Argo. 106. Rhyncomya bicolor (Macquart). 107. R. cassotis (Walker). 108. R. dasyops Bezzi. 109. R. discrepans Villeneuve. 110. R. forcipata Villeneuve.

FIGURES 12–14. Female abdomens of Rhyncomya spp., ventral aspect. 12. R. tristis Séguy. 13. R. forcipata Villeneuve. 14. R. trispina Villeneuve.

FIGURES 111–116. Distributions of Namibian Calliphoridae species. 111. Rhyncomya hessei Zumpt. 112. R. interclusa Villeneuve. 113. R. io Peris. 114. R. messoria Villeneuve. 115. R. minutalis Villeneuve. 116. R. peraequa Villeneuve.

FIGURES 117–121. Distributions of Namibian Calliphoridae species. 117. Rhyncomya pruinosa Villeneuve. 118. R. soyauxi Karsch. 119. R. trispina Villeneuve. 120. R. tristis Séguy. 121. R. zumpti Peris.