Parasenegalia, Seigler & Ebinger & Riggins & Terra & Miller, 2017

Seigler, David S., Ebinger, John E., Riggins, Chance W., Terra, Vanessa & Miller, Joseph T., 2017, Parasenegalia and Pseudosenegalia (Fabaceae): New Genera of the Mimosoideae, Novon 25, pp. 180-205 : 185-187

2. Parasenegalia muricata (L.) Seigler & Ebinger, comb. nov.

Basionym: Mimosa muricata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 2: 1311, 1504. 1759. Acacia muricata

(L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(2): 1058. 1806. Senegalia muricata (L.) Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 23(2): 113. 1928. TYPE: ‘‘ Mimosa inermis, foliis bipinnatis, parialibus quelque jugis, propiis, multijugis, floribus spicatis, caule muricato, ’’ tab. 11 illustrated by J. Burman in C. Plumier, Pl. Amer. 1: 6. 1755 (lectotype, designated by Howard, 1988: 341). Figure 3 .

Acacia nudiflora Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(2): 1058. 1806. TYPE: Virgin Islands. ‘‘Danish America’’ (holotype, B-Willd.! [barcode] B 1913 0-01 0; isotypes, P! [bc] P00396680, P! [bc] P03102816).

Acacia rohriana DC., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 2: 457. 1825, as ‘‘ Rohriana,’’ replacement name for Mimosa nigricans Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 3: 37, pl. 29. 1807, nom. illeg., non Mimosa nigricans Labill., Nov. Holl. Pl. 2: 88, pl. 238. 18 0 6. TYPE: ‘‘Habitat in America meridionali,’’ s.d., J. P. B. von Rohr s.n. (holotype, C [image seen] [barcode] C10011408, C photo at F).

Large shrub or small tree to 1 5 m tall; bark dark brown, shallowly fissured; twigs dark reddish brown to dark purple, not flexuous, terete, glabrous to densely puberulent; short shoots absent; prickles absent. Leaves alternate, 5 0–1 6 5 mm long; stipules dark brown, narrowly triangular, symmetrical, flattened, straight, herbaceous, 0.6–1.6 mm long, 0.4–0.9 mm wide near the base, puberulent, tardily deciduous; petiole shallowly adaxially grooved, 1 0– 4 0 mm long, glabrous to puberulent; petiolar gland solitary, located just below the lowermost pinna pair, sessile, orbicular to oblong, 1.4–3.1 mm long, apex bulbous and asymmetrical, sometimes depressed, glabrous; rachis shallowly adaxially grooved, 4 0–1 3 0 mm long, usually puberulent, an orbicular gland 0.7–1.8 mm across between most pinna pairs, apex depressed, glabrous; pinnae 3 to 7 pairs/leaf, 4 5–1 2 0 mm long, 5–2 2 mm between pinna pairs; paraphyllidia absent; petiolule 2.1–6.1 mm long; leaflets 8 to 2 4 pairs/pinna, opposite, 3.8–9.5 mm between leaflet pairs, oblong, (7)8–20 X 4–1 1.3 mm, glabrous, lateral veins obvious, 2 to 5 veins from the base, base oblique and obtuse on one side, margins slightly revolute, not ciliate, apex obtuse, midvein subcentral. Inflorescence a loosely 1 45- to 2 0 0-flowered cylindrical spike, 70–1 9 0 X 1 3–1 8 mm, 1(2) from the leaf axil; peduncles 0.1– 2.5 X 0.9–1.7 mm, densely puberulent; receptacle not enlarged, elongated; involucre absent; floral bracts spatulate, 0.5–0.9 mm long, puberulent, early deciduous. Flowers sessile, white to creamcolored; calyx 5-lobed, 1–1.6 mm long, puberulent; corolla 5-lobed, 1.8–3.1 mm long, puberulent, lobes 1/4–1/2 the length of the corolla; stamens 1 0 0 to 14 0; stamen filaments 5.5–7.5 mm long, distinct; anther glands present; ovary glabrous, sessile. Legumes straight, flattened, not constricted between the seeds, oblong, 5 0–1 7 0 X 1 5–2 4 mm, coriaceous, transversely striated, glabrous, egland- ular, dehiscent along both sutures; stipe 5–9 mm long; apex obtuse, short-beaked; seeds uniseriate, no pulp, dark brown, oval to elliptic, strongly flattened, winged, 10.5–1 4.5 X 8–1 0 mm, smooth;

pleurogram broadly U-shaped to nearly circular, 5– 8 mm across.

Habitat and distribution. Parasenegalia muricata is a species of coastal deserts, dry thickets, cactus scrub forests, wooded hillsides, and plains from sea level to 500 m in the Caribbean. It has been reported from Dominica, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and Lesser Antilles.

Phenology.

April to June. Parasenegalia muricata flowers from

Local names and uses. Local names include spineless acacia, amarat, tamarindo cimarrón, tantacayo, and tender a caillou ( Rico Arce, 2007). Wood has sometimes been used for construction.

IUCN Red List category. Parasenegalia muricata is Data Deficient (DD) at this time ( IUCN, 2001). The species is relatively common in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and several of the other Lesser Antilles. The limited habitat suggests that the species should be evaluated.

Discussion. Parasenegalia muricata is a common species of dry, wooded hillside and cactus scrub forest throughout much of the Caribbean. This taxon has the largest leaflets of the species in the genus Parasenegalia , being 8–20 mm long and 4–11.3 mm wide, and with slightly revolute margins. Though P. lundellii sometimes has leaflets exceeding a length of 10 mm, the leaflets are narrower (never exceeding 4 mm), and the leaflet margins are not slightly revolute.

Specimens examined. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Barahona: Las Salmas, 17 Aug. 1946, R. A. Howard & E. S. Howard 84 0 2 (B). Santo Domingo: Santo Domingo, 8 June 1887, Eggers 2393 (US). LESSER ANTILLES. Antigua: woodlands, 9 May 1937, H. E. Box 794 (F); Falmouth Peak (Sugarloaf), 200–380 m, 9 Apr. 1956, A. C. Smith 10476 (NY). Dominica: St. Joseph Parish, betw. Layou & St. Joseph, 26 Feb. 1997, S. R. Hill & L. R. Phillippe 28956 (ILLS). Guadeloupe: Basse-Terre, Deshaies, 28 July 1980, S. Barrier 2381 (NY); Apr. 1893, P. Duss 3043 (NY). Martinique: 1884, P. Duss 1159 (F, MO, NY). PUERTO RICO. Fajardo, 15 Sep. 1981, D. Alain, P. Liogier, L. F. Martorell & E. Solano 32 27 9 (MO); Yabucoa, Punta Guayanés, 6 Dec. 1992, F. Axelrod & I. Sastre 5486 (MO); Yabucoa, Punta Guayanés, 12 May 1991, F. Axelrod, J. Turnquist, A. Axelrod & B. Axelrod 2417 (MO); Aquirre, 14 Feb. 1922, N. L. Britton, E. G. Britton & M. S. Brown 6023 (NY); Culebra Island, 3–12 Mar. 1906, N. L. Britton & W. M. Wheeler 160 (F, NY); Vieques Island, 3 June 1978, F. R. Fosberg 57546 (MO); near shore, Ceiba Playa, 18 Feb. 1926, H. A. Gleason & M. T. Cook K-18 (NY); near Fajardo, 20 m, 19 Aug. 1963, A. Liogier 10182 (F, NY); Isla de Vieques, slope of Cerro Matías, 100 m, G. R. Proctor 48026 (FTG); Camp Santiago, Section Lima, 21 May 1993, R. Rose & J. Salguero 675 (MO); Punta Guayanés, Las Palmas, 6 June 2006, D. S. Seigler, J. T. Miller, C. Riggins & F. S. Axelrod 14546 (ILL), 14548 (ILL), 14549 (ILL), 14550 (ILL); Punta Guayanés, Yabucoa, 5 July 1999, D. S. Seigler, F. S. Axelrod & A. Salywon 14600 (ILL), 14604 (ILL); Rte. 712 betw. La Plena & Carmen, 12 June 1991, C. M. Taylor 10439 (MO, NY); Fajardo, 4 May 1885, I. Urban 1276 (CM, YU); Yabucoa, 8 Sep. 1886, I. Urban 4932 (CM, F, HBG, MO, NY); Punta Guayanés de Yabucoa, 16 May 1967, R. O. Woodbury s.n. (NY); Vieques, Nov. 1970, R. O. Woodbury s.n. (MO, NY). VIRGIN ISLANDS. Beef Island: E end of airstrip, 5 Mar. 1966, W. G. D’Arcy 838 (FLAS, MO). Norman Island: Treasure Point, 24 Mar. 1979, D. S. Correll & H. B. Correll 50481 (FTG). Saint Johns: Hansen Bay, 18 Aug. 1987, P. Acevedo-R., A. Reilly & M. Davis 1802 (NY); Reef Bay, 55 m, Mimo, 26 Aug. 1987, P. Acevedo-R., A. Reilly & J. Earhart 2036 (NY); Saint Jan, wooded hillside, 10–12 Feb. 1913, N. L. Britton & J. A. Shafer 513 (NY); Saint John, 500 ft., 29 May 1940, L. R. Holdridge 133 (NY); Marias Bluff, 16 June 1984, G. T. Prance, S. A. Mori, J. Earhart, A. E. Prance & R. O. Woodbury 29293 (FTG, NY); Bordeaux Mtn., 10 Nov. 1984, S. A. Mori, R. O. Woodbury & J. Matuszak 17056 (NY). Saint Thomas: Fortuna Quarter, 140 m, 26 Aug. 1992, P. Acevedo R., A. Siaca & A. Reilly 5192 (NY); hillside thicket, 31 Jan.–4 Feb. 1913, N. L. Britton, E. G. Britton & J. A. Shafer 33 (NY); Cowell’s Battery, 14 Jan. 1876, von Eggers s.n. (MO, NY, WIS); Signal Hill, 300 m, May 1881, von Eggers 304 (HBG). Tortola: Sage Mtn., 600 m, 28 July 1944, J. S. Beard 335 (MO); rd. to Sea Cow Bay, 13–17 Feb. 1913, N. L. Britton & J. A. Shafer 677 (NY); E of Road Town on Belleview Rd., 80 m, 13 Apr. 1965, W. G. D’Arcy 9A (MO); Bell Vue, 19 Apr. 1919, W. C. Fishlock 421 (NY); Sage Mtn., 20 July 1954, E. L. Little, Jr. 16384 (NY); Virgin Gorda: North Sound, 29 Oct. 1918, W. C. Fishlock 29 (NY); 21 June 1969, R. O. Woodbury s.n. (MO, NY).

Figures

Figure 3. Parasenegalia muricata (L.) Seigler & Ebinger. —A. Flower. —B. Inflorescences. —C. Leaf, adaxial view. —D. Petiolar gland. —E. Fruit. —F. Leaflet, abaxial view. A, B from Woodbury s.n. [Nov. 1970] (NY); C, D from Box 794 (F), E, F from Smith 10476 (NY).