Anisophyllea sumatrana Li Bing Zhang, Xin Chen & H.He, 2015

Chen, Xin, He, Hai & Zhang, Li-Bing, 2015, A monograph of the Anisophylleaceae (Cucurbitales) with description of 18 new species of Anisophyllea, Phytotaxa 229 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

67. Anisophyllea sumatrana Li Bing Zhang, Xin Chen & H.He , sp. nov. ( Figure 132 )

Type:— INDONESIA. Riau: Upper Riauw, Pakanbaru , Tenajan R., 12 August 1960, Soepadmo 37 (holotype K-H2008/0021881!, isotype L-0649546!) .

Diagnosis:— Anisophyllea sumatrana is similar to A. griffithii in flower structure and in the indumentum on young branches, buds, and inflorescences, but it has glands throughout the vegetative and floral parts, bisexual flowers with pedicels, and styles connate at base as well that distinguishes itself from A. griffithii and other species with pinnate-like venations.

Trees to 15 m, 30 cm in diam.; bark smooth, to 3 mm thick, grayish; sapwood dimly white, heart wood red-brown; young branches pannose with brown hairs ca. 0.25 mm long, and also farinose and glandular with beef-red glands; buds farinose, pannose at base. Leaves dimorphic, internodes between similar types of leaves 0.8–1.5 cm, between two adjacent different types of leaves 3–6 mm; small leave s caducous, only leaving small scars on twigs; large leaves petiolate, petiole 3–5 mm long, to 1.1 mm in diam., glandular; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate, 9.0– 11.5 cm long, 2.5–5.0 cm wide, base slightly oblique, acute, apex acute or acuminate, margins often slightly revolute, thinly coriaceous, dark-brown when dry, glabrous on both surfaces, glandular with beef-red glands 0.10–0.16 mm in diam., 0.25–1.30 mm distant; main longitudinal veins 5, springing from blade base, midrib

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Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 171 straight and bold, impressed adaxially and elevated abaxially, 4 lateral veins rather fine and close to blade margins, outermost 2 veins usually disappearing into blade margins at lower portion, flat and obscure adaxially, slightly prominent abaxially; transverse veins irregular, ones from midrib curved toward blade apex and as conspicuous as lateral main veins, resulting a pinnate-like venation; veinlets reticulate, visible but sometimes obscure adaxially and slightly prominent abaxially. Inflorescence an axillary raceme, solitary or 2–3 branched at base; rachis to 3 cm long, 0.6 mm in diam., farinose, glandular, and pannose with hairs ca. 0.16 mm long; remotely with flowers (floral internodes 1–4 mm distant); bracts ca. 0.6 mm long, 0.25 mm wide, pannose; flowers bisexual, usually 4-merous, 4–5 mm long, ±obovoid, farinose and glandular outside, pedicelled, pedicels to 1 mm; receptacle cylindric, to 2.4 mm long, 2 mm in diam.; sepals deltoid, to 1 mm long, 1.6 mm wide at base; petals ovate, ca. 0.6 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, minutely emarginate at apex, fleshy, glandular on both sides; stamens 8, episepalous 4 fertile, filaments fleshy, ca. 0.6 mm long, linearly oblong, ca. 0.25 mm wide at base, anthers sub-globose, ca. 0.22 mm long, epipetalous 4 sterile, much shorter, ca. 0.5 mm long; styles 4, to 1.12 mm long, base connate and conical, 0.38 mm in diam., glandular, gradually attenuate distally. Fruits unknown.

Flowering and fruiting: —Flowering in August; fruiting time unknown.

Habitat and distribution: —In lowland rain forests; elevation unclear. Indonesia (Riau) ( Figure 133 ).

Taxonomic notes: — Anisophyllea sumatrana is also similar to A. malayensis , another newly described species, in having glandular leaves and flowers, but the former has inflorescence a axillary raceme or with 2–3 basally branches, flowers with pedicels to 1 mm long, and leaves with beef-red glands; in contract, the latter has inflorescence a supra-axillary spike, solitary, flowers sessile, and leaves with transparent protuberant glands.

The epithet is from the name of the Island, Sumatra, where the type specimens were collected. It is only known from the type locality and further investigations are in need to evaluate its conservation status .

Imperfectly known and/or excluded species of Anisophyllea

Anisophyllea cavaleriei H. Léveillé (1915: 344)

Type:— CHINA. Guizhou: Pin Fa (now in Yunwu Town , Guiding County), 31 August 1902, J . Cavaleriei 343 ( E) .

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It is a synonym of Vaccinium foetidissimum H. Léveillé & Vaniot ( Léveillé 1911: 447, Rehder 1934) of

Ericaceae .

Anisophyllea glandulifolia Madani (1993: 51)

Type:— MALASIA. Sabah, Pensiangan, Ponontomon, Fedilis SAN 128033 ( SAN) .

With more flowering material available, it turned out to be a synonym of Driessenia microthrix Stapf (in Hooker & Hooker 1894: t. 2292) of Melastomataceae ( Wong & Madani 1995) .

Anisophyllea setosa ” Mildbraed (1922: 188) . nom. nud.

Type ”: Country unknown. Bokoko, no date available, Mildbraed 6838 (? B).

It is an invalidly published name without any traced description and it was only cited once as imperfectly known name ( Hutchinson & Dalziel 1954). The identity of the plant is unclear without examining the supposed “ type ” Mildbraed 6838.

Combretocarpus J.D.Hooker (in Bentham & Hooker 1865: 683)

Type:— Combretocarpus motleyi J.D.Hooker (in Bentham & Hooker 1865: 683) [= C. rotundatus (Miquel) Danser (1929: 345) ].

Trees. Leaves monomorphic, alternate, stipules absent, petiolate, blade margin entire, venation pinnate. Inflorescences paniculate, solitary or rarely further branched at base, without bracts; flowers bisexual, 3(–4)- merous; sepals ovate, valvate, usually spreading; petals linear, entire, or (rarely) distally laciniate; stamens twice as many as petals, free; ovary inferior, trigonous, 3(–4) locules, each locule with 2 ovules, styles 3(–4), free; disks annular, epigynous, with lobes among base of filaments. Fruits dry and samara-like with 3(–4) wide wings. Seed one, in narrow spindle-like shape.

Only one species is known in southeastern Asia (Borneo, Sumatra, and adjacent archipelago).

Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miquel) Danser (1929: 345) ( Figure 134 )

Basionym:— Macrosolen rotundatus Miquel (1860: 346) .

Type:— INDONESIA. Bangka-Belitung Islands: Jeboes, no date, Teijsmann J. E. HB 3491 (lectotype U-0005818!, here designated, isolectotypes? L) .

Heterotypic synonym:— Combretocarpus motleyi J.D.Hooker (in Bentham & Hooker 1865: 683). Type:—Country unknown. Borneo: without location, no date, L. Motley 364 (lectotype K-000493122, here designated).

Trees to 40 m tall, 80(–100) cm in diam., trunk base occasionally with small stilt-roots (in swampy or water-logged sites), with mats of rust-brown “air roots” (in drier sites), or with short, slender, upright, root-like pneumatophores; bark brown or grayish-brown, deeply fissured, inner bark yellowish- or reddish-brown, sapwood pale-yellow; buttresses small or absent. Leaves monomorphic, distichous, internodes 0.8–4.0 cm; petioles 7.5–15.0 mm long, to 2.2 mm in diam.; leaf blade broadly elliptic or suborbicular, 8.0– 14.5 cm long, 5.5–9.0(–10.5) cm wide, base obliquely acute or obtuse, apex obtuse or rounded, margin entire, coriaceous, dark red when young, grey adaxially and yellowish abaxially when dry; venation pinnate, midrib bold and straight, flat or slightly prominent adaxially and raised abaxially, main lateral veins 6–10 pairs, flat adaxially and prominent abaxially, eucamptodromous proximally and brochidodromous distally, forming acute angles with midrib and uniformly concaved, flat adaxially and prominent abaxially; tertiary veins percurrent and arising from both sides of lateral veins and forming ±right angles with lateral veins, small veins from midrib oblique and at uniform angles with midrib; quaternary veins orthogonal to tertiary veins; looped venation typically at blade margins together with straight collector veins. Inflorescence an axillary panicle; rachis to 9 cm long; flowers bisexual, 3(–4)- merous, yellowish, obdiplostemonous; pedicels 3–6 mm long, with peltate indumentum; receptacle conical-triangular, 2.5–4.0 mm long, to 2 mm in diam., glabrous; sepals valvate, ovate, 2.5–3.0 mm long, 1.5–2.0 mm wide, apex obtuse, sparsely with pale long hairs adaxially and with peltate indumentum abaxial, margins slightly ciliate; petals linear, to 2 mm long, entire or irregularly 3–4-laciniate with linear laciniae; stamens 6(–8), longer than petals, inserted between disk lobes, filament filiform, 2.0– 2.5 mm long, anthers short, ovoid, ca. 0.6 mm long; disk annular, nectarial, obscurely

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6(–8)-lobed, slightly raised and not obviously protrudent between adjacent filaments; ovary inferior, trigonous, erect, flattened, to 2 mm long, attenuate toward base, with scales, 3(–4) locules, each with 2 ovule, styles 3(–4), 1–2 mm long, free, linearly subulate, erect or recurved, stigma punctiform, smooth, secretary. Fruit dry and samara-like, 2–3 cm long, 1.5–2.0 cm wide, with 3(–4) wide wings, apex with persistent sepals; wings orbicular, membranous, with parallel transverse veins. Seed one in developed locule (other 2 or rarely 3 locules abortive), elongate as spindle-like shape, hilum prolonged on pericarp, seed coat membranous; embryo narrowly fusiform, compressed, sub-sulcate, fleshy, cotyledon minute, flattened, radicle base thick; without endosperm.

Flowering and fruiting: —Flowering in August through April; fruiting in February through June.

Habitat and distribution: — Lowland swampy forests; below 150 m. Brunei (Belait, Tutong); Indonesia (Bangka-Belitung, Central Kalimantan, North Sumatra, Riau, South Kalimantan, South Sumatra); Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak) (5134) .

Vernacular names and local usage: — Balak bekatan (Iban); Kaju tanah (W. Borneo); Kayu tom (Kayan, Kenyah); kěruntum (Dusun, Iban); marapat (Dayak or Ngadju); mutun (Pusa Malay); pěrpat (Palemb); pěrpat hutan ( Brunei Malay, Belait, Kedayan); pěrěpat paya ( Brunei, Malay, Kayan, Kenyah); pěrěpat-pěrěpat (Bajau, N. Borneo); puru (Sampit); sabutun (Melanau Oya); pěrpat darat (Billiton); pragat darah, těruntum botu (Banka). The reddish-brown heart-wood moderately hard and heavy, logs sink in water, locally highly favoured for railway sleepers and heavy interior construction.

Taxonomic notes: —The basionym of this species was published under the genus Macrosolen ( Loranthaceae ) with a question mark suggesting that the author was not sure about its position in that genus ( Miquel 1860). The genus Combretocarpus was established later with the only species name C. motleyi included ( Bentham & Hooker 1865), which is a synonym of M. rotundatus (= C. rotundatus ) ( Danser 1929). The type locality of M. rotundatus is cited as “Bangka prope Djebus”, which might correspond today’s Bangka Island in Indonesian province of Bangka-Belitung Islands. We only found an image of the original material at U, though it was reported that more duplicates were deposited at L ( Wong & Madani 1995). We designate the one at U as the lectotype. For the synonym C. moteleyi , no specimens were cited in the protologue and only “Borneesis” was mentioned. We found a

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Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 175 gathering at K collected by Moteley (no. 364) from an unspecific locality in Borneo corresponding this species. Here we designate it as the lectotype of this name. It was an abundant timber tree and was exploited without much conservation attention ( Ding Hou 1958), but now it has been in the list of vulnerable species ( Oldfield et al. 1998).

Additional selected specimens examined: — BRUNEI. Belait: Badas near Lumut, 4°35’00”N 114°26’00”E, 5 m, 19 April 1990, M. J. E . Coode 6834 ( K); en route from K . Badas to Seria, along the railway of B. S. C ., Seria district, Mitsuru Hotta 12438 ( L). Tutong: between Danau and Tutong, 17 July 1965, J . P. van Niel 4020 ( L), 4271 ( MO); Tutong Road , 10 April 1938, A . Suhaile 37061 ( L); Tanjung Panjang, no date, K. M . Wong WKM 49 ( K). Kuala Binsuluk , Membulcut, F .D., 21 July 1951, North Borneo Forestry Department 4076 ( US) . INDONESIA. E . Borneo: Padrang , 15 June 1954, A . Kostermans 10740 ( L). S . Borneo: marsh, 15 October 1965, Sauveur 1000 ( L). Central Kalimantan: Kalteng, Ds. Kasintu, Kec. Tewah, Kab. Kapua , 13 October 1999, S . Riswan, A . Ruskandi, Nurdin, D. Girmansyah TWH 024 ( US); South Kalimantan: Eastern part of Banjalmasin , near sea level, 24 February 1979, Gen Murata, Masahiro Kato &Yohanis, P. Mogea 4498 ( L). West Kalimantan : Res. Westerafd. v. Borneo and afd. Pontianak , 35 m, 27 August 1931, Boschbouwproefstation Buitenzorg b.b. 15531 ( L), 11 October 1931, 15683 ( L) . MALAYSIA. Borneo: Jesselton , 3 August 1954, J . Wyatt, Smith 80287 ( L). Sabah: Hutan Simpan Mandahan , 20 m, 25 April 1992, Ag. Amin Sigun 126585 ( SAN); Lumat, Beaufort, 10 September 1973, Devol & Karim 77921 ( L), Lumat Estate Reserve , 1000 ft, 29 October 1965, Stephen Maduis 50097 ( L); Papar, Kimanis F. R ., September 1959, W . Meijer SAN 19785 ( L); Papar, Mandahan, 15 April 1986, RA. Awang Amin SAN 103096 ( K); Papar , Madahan , 8 May 1985, Awang & Free 108504 ( L); Papar , Sampango , 70 ft, 1 June 1962, G . Mikil SAN 30326 ( L); Menbakut , Binsolok F. R ., 20 m, 22 Feb. 1987, Ag. Amin 102874 ( K); Membakut , Taman rekreasi Pantai Pimping, 26 Jane 1991, PA . Ag. Amin 126122 ( SAN); Sipitang , Marintamon Mengalong F. R ., 25 October 1987, W . Meijer et al. 120635 ( SAN); Marintamon , Mengalong F. R ., 15 m, 22 November 1966, A . Talip 50614 ( NY); Mengalong F. R ., North side, 26 June 1971, L . Ahmad SAN 73146 ( L); Sipitang , 7–8 km SW of Sipitang, 5°02’00”N 115°31’00”E, 40 m, 01 March 1984, J. H . Beaman 8735 ( L, NY, US); Weston , Fr. Singgangu, 20 m, 10 Februry 1988, Ag. Amin 115540 ( SAN) . Sarawak: Badon logging station, Simanggang , 2 nd division, peat swamp forest, 18 June 1965 , Sarawak Forest Department 23501 ( L). Kuching, Bako National Park, Padang , 90 m, 19 April 1961, J . Carrick 485 ( K); Bako National Park, scrub above Telok Pandan , April 1967, Benjamin C . Stone 6853 ( MO); Bako National Park , 120 m April 1962, A. B . Arshid S 16211 ( K); Bako National Park, Telok Asam , 120 m, 17 May 1956, J. W . Purseglove P .4925 ( NY).

Poga Pierre (1896: 1254)

Type:— Poga oleosa Pierre

Large trees. Leaves dimorphic, alternate, simple, stipules absent, blade margins entire, symmetrical, venation pinnate. Inflorescences panicle-like with branched spikes, axillary, tomentose; flowers unisexual, 4-merous, sessile; female flowers larger than male flowers; sepals valvate, deltoid; petals laciniate distally, laciniae threadlike, each ended with a glandular swelling; stamens 8, 4 episepalous, 4 epipetalous, filaments short, compressed, anthers bilocular (didyme), basifixed, pollen sac longitudinal dehiscent by two clefts; disks epigynous, shortly sinuate; ovary inferior, 4 locules (rudimentary in male flowers), locules narrowly oblong, each with one pendulous or anatropous ovule, styles 4, free, stigmas short, ovoid. Fruits of drupe, exocarp fleshy, endocarp woody, very thick, with many vertical sinuses; seeds often 3 or 4, nearly oblong, seed coat crustaceous, cinnamomeous.

Only one species is known in lowland forests in western tropical Africa.

Poga oleosa Pierre (1896: 1254) ( Figure 136 )

Type:— GABON. Estuaire: Vicinity of Libreville , no date, R. P. Klaine 114 (lectotype P-00374853!, here designated, isolectotype P-00374854!) .

Trees to 40 m, 90 cm in diam.; bole straight and cylindrical; heartwood pinkish-red or buff, sapwood whitish with pink stripes, well differentiated; branches glabrous, purplish. Leaves dimorphic; small ones at base of large ones, internodes between similar types of leaves (0.6–)1.5–5.0 cm, between two adjacent different types of leaves 3–5 mm; small leaves caducous, sessile, leaf blade narrowly deltoid, to 1.5 cm long, 7 mm wide, base rounded, apex acute, sparsely with dotted glands abaxially, glabrous on both surfaces; midrib flat adaxially and slightly prominent

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Phytotaxa 229 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 177 abaxially, lateral veins obscure; large leaves petiolate, petiole flattened, 1.5–2.5 cm long, 2.5–4.0 mm wide when dry, glabrous; leaf blade symmetrical, elliptic or oblong, 12–15 cm long, 6–7 cm wide, base ±rounded, apex acuminate or obtuse, margins revolute, coriaceous, lustrous, dark green adaxially and pale green abaxially, densely with red spots abaxially when dry; veins pinnate, midrib bold, impressed adaxially and distinctly raised abaxially; secondary veins brochidodromous with tertiary vein arches, or eucamptodromous proximally becoming brochidodromous distally; tertiary veins sinuous and obliquely percurrent, or irregular; quaternary veins random, often retroflexed in any orientation; veins prominent on both surfaces, relatively paler than diachyma; Inflorescences a panicle-form of catkin-like spikes on often leafless branches with bracts at base; rachis 10–12 cm long, to 1.1 mm in diam., unevenly with flowers (with fewer solitary female flowers and more clustered male flowers), sericeous with matted long tortuous hairs and tomentose at base of flowers; bracts deltoid, 0.8–1.3 mm long, ca. 0.6 mm wide, each with several axillary flowers; flower buds to 1 mm in diam., sericeous outside. Infructescence to 3.2 mm in diam.; flowers unisexual, sessile; female flowers to 3 mm long; receptacle to 1.6 mm long; sepal deltoid, ca. 1.6 mm long, to 1.2 mm wide at base; petals ca. 2.2 mm long, laciniate nearly from base, threadlike laciniae tortuous in bud, glandular; stamens 8, episepalous4 and epipetalous 4 same in length, filament short, ca. 0.5 mm long, compressed, anthers ca. 0.25 mm long, bilocular (didyme), basifixed; disks epigynous, short, sinuate; ovary inferior, 4 locules (in male flowers sterile), each locule with one pendulous anatropous ovule; styles 4, free, conical, not elongated, ca. 0.6 mm long, 0.5 mm in diam., stigmas short, ovoid, shortly acute; male flowers much smaller, receptacle to 0.5 mm long; sepal ca. 1.0 mm long, petals 1.0– 1.5 mm long; disk and stamens as bisexuals; styles subulate. Fruit a large drupe, ellipsoid or globose, 5–6 cm long, 4–5 cm in diam., smooth, glaucous, dimly silvery or blue-green with tiny brown lenticels; exocarp fleshy, endocarp woody. Seeds 3–4, ±oblong, to 2.2 mm long, without endosperm.

Flowering and fruiting: —Throughout the year?

Habitat and distribution: — In dense lowland rainforests; below 250 m. S & SW Cameroon; Gabon (Estuaire, Ngounié); Nigeria (Cross River) ( Figure 137 ) .

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Vernacular names and local usage: — Afo, mpogo, Ovoga ( Gabon); Inoi ( Nigeria); Ngale ( Cameroon). This is an important timber trees used for decorative veneers, furniture components, boxes, crates and so on. Its seed oil is used as cooking oil and for medicinal purposes.

Taxonomic notes: — Poga oleosa is the only known species in this genus. It was described to have unisexual flowers with male flowers smaller and female flowers larger by Pierre (1896), and this was followed by Engler (1913). Hutchinson & Dalziel (1954) did not mention the sexuality of the flowers. We did not find any male flowers on the specimens cited below either. The specimens we examined are all collected from the lowland rainforests of elevation below 250 m, but it was reported to be common at elevation of 400–700 m in Cameroon ( Engler 1921). It is a gigantic tree species bearing edible fruits with local names especially in Cameroon and Gabon ( Winkler 1912, Engler 1913). The oil from its seeds is edible too. We found two duplicates of the type specimen Klaine 114 at P and here we designate one of them as the lectotype.

Additional specimens examined: — CAMEROON. South: Bipindi, 1909, G . Zenker 3852 ( K, US); Bipinde , February 1909, G . Zenker 231 ( NY); Bipinde , Feruary 1909, G . Zenker 1858 ( US). Southwest: along the footpath from Esukutang to Ekogate, Starting 5 km west of Esukutang , 05°25’N 009°04’E, 250 m, 30 May 1988, D. W . Thomas 8020 ( MO); Trail to Kourup National Park , 2 km W of Kondotiti-Mundemba Road, 4 km N of bridge over Ilor River, Transect 4, 100 m, 12 November 1985, A. H . Gentry & D. W . Thomas 52718 A ( MO); Buea-Douala, South Korup Reserve , 04°55’N 008°50’E, 50 m, 6–16 July 1983, D. W . Thomas 2273 ( MO); 15 km from Kribi , 1 km S . of Ebolowa road, 05°51’N 010°01’E, 20 February 1970, J. J . Bos 6381 ( MO); near Mundemba town , 04°58’N 008°55’E, 150 m, 12 May 1986, D. W . Thomas 6119 ( MO); En route from Rkondo Nenf to Loe , 15 km NW Rkondo Titi, 03 June 1976, R . Letouzey 15077 ( K, MO) . GABON. Estuaire: Mondah Forest on Cape Esterias , ca. 22 km on the road from Libreville, 03 April 1978, F. J . Breteler & J. J. F. E . de Wilde 402 ( MO). Ngounié: Waka National Park , near Camp Oghoubi, 24 June 2006, J . Mayombo, B . Nziengui, E. M . Mamadou & J . Boussengui-Nongo 1562 ( MO); 1896, R. P . Klaine s.n. ( L) . NIGERIA. Cross River: Akampa F. R . Awi, 20 October 1977, Emwiogbon & Osanyinlusi FHI 82362 ( MO); Akamkpa, Awi , 15 April 1983, Ariwaodo / Osanyinlusi AO . 6 ( FHI 99607 ) ( MO); Neghe-Oban. F. R ., 30 October 1983, J. O . Ariwaodo s.n. ( MO); Akamka , 19 January 1995, B. O . Daramola 609 ( MO) .

Polygonanthus Ducke (1932: 345)

Type:— Polygonanthus amazonicus Ducke (1932: 346) .

Trees. Leaves dimorphic; small leaves caducous; large leaves alternate, distichous, stipule absent, subsessile; leaf blades elliptic or oblong, base oblique, acute or obtuse, apex acuminate, margins slightly undulated and revolute; veins pinnate, midrib bold, prominent adaxially and distinctly raised abaxially, secondary veins eucamptodromous, brochidodromous, or distally acrodromous, tertiary veins straight, percurrent, quaternary veins form regular polygonal domains, veinlets reticulate, tessellate and slightly prominent on both surfaces. Inflorescences supra-axillary or terminal, spike or panicle-spike, with numerous male flowers and relatively fewer female flowers. flowers unisexual, usually 4-merous, rarely 5-merous; obdiplostemonous; female flowers solitary, receptacle turbinate, sepals valvate; petals entire, margins ciliate; staminodes 8(–10), anthers small; disks small; ovary connate with receptacle, semi-superior, locules 4, each with an anatropous ovule, styles 4(–5), patent, base connate, stigma papillate; male flowers sepals valvate, apex ±inflexed; petals longer than sepals, narrowly attenuate to apex; stamens 8(–10), free, filaments distally inflexed in flower buds, compressed; disks small, glandular, 8 intrastaminal and 8 interstaminal; pistil rudimentary, styles 4(–5). Fruits obpyramid, with four keel-shaped ridges, thickly woody, apically with four wings alternate positioned with ridges, pedicelled or sessile, end with persistent flower parts, persistent sepals conspicuous, elongated and thickened.

Two species are known from the tropical South America (Amazonas, Brazil). The taxonomic position of this genus has been suggested to be in Euphorbiaceae , Olacaceae , Rhizophoraceae , or Saxifragaceae based on morphological characters ( Ducke 1932, Baehni & Dansereau 1939, Croizat 1939a, referring to Prance et al. 1975), or as a family of itself ( Croizat 1939b). Molecular study confirmed that it is a member of Anisophylleaceae ( Zhang et al. 2007) .

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Figures

FIGURE 132. Anisophyllea sumatrana Li Bing Zhang, Xin Chen & H.He. —A. Leafy branches (Soepadmo 37; isotype, L-0649546). —B. Flower. —C. Petal. —D. Episepalous stamen. —E. Epipetalous stamen. —F. Styles and disk (Drawn by Yueyang Wang & Fang Cui).

FIGURE 133. Geographical distribution of Anisophyllea sumatrana Li Bing Zhang, Xin Chen & H.He.

FIGURE 134. Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miquel) Danser. Flowering and fruiting branch (J. H. Beaman 8735, NY).

FIGURE 136. Poga oleosa Pierre. —A. Portion of leafy branch. —B. Portion of leafy branch showing insertion of leaves. —C. Portion of abaxial leaf surface showing glands. —D. Portion of flowering branch. —E. Portion of inflorescence rachis showing flower buds. —F. Flower bud. —G. Top view of flower bud. —H. Longitudinal section of male flower bud. —J. Petal. —K. Stamen. —L. Pollen grains. —M. Longitudinal section of fruit. —N. Cross section of fruit. —O. Endocarp. —P. Petiole hair (Artist unknown; reproduced from Engler in Engler & Drude (eds.), Die Vegetation der Erde-Sammlung Pflanzengeographischer Monographien 9(3/2): 678. 1921).

FIGURE 137. Geographical distribution of Poga oleosa Pierre.