Hoplismenina HEINRICH

A. M, 2009, Illustrated key to the tribes of subfamilia Ichneumoninae and genera of the tribe Platylabini of world fauna (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), Linzer biologische Beiträge 41 (2), pp. 1317-1608 : 1383-1384

Subtribe Hoplismenina HEINRICH

Hoplismenina HEINRICH 1967 - Ichn. Stenop. of Africa 1: 26, 3: 485.

Type genus: Hoplismenus GRAVENHORST.

Hoplismenina : HEINRICH 1977 - Ichn. Florida and Neigb. States 9: 122.

Hoplismenina : RASNITSYN 1981 - Opr. Faun. SSSR 3 (3): 588.

D i s t r i b u t i o n: Holarctic, Oriental and Neotropical (Central America and Chile) Regions. Absent in Ethiopian Region.

I n t r o d u c t i o n:

The subtribe differs by a combination of following characters: clypeus distinctly convex in longitudinal and transversal directions, scutellum sharply and high elevated above postscutellum, laterally not carinated or carinated not completely, propodeum with developed fields and large apophysises, wings with pentagonal areolet with broad base, postpetiolus nothing longitudinally striated with more or less distinct punctures or rugosity, gastrocoeli moderately deep with distinct thyridia, abdomen more often oxypygous, rarely amblypygous.

Mandibles are sharply narrowed behind base with slight teeth. M o r p h o l o g y of clypeus and additionally amblypygous abdomen at genus Amblysmenus HEINRICH are similar to Platylabini , especially to East-Palaearctic genus Heinrichiellus TERESHKIN.

M o r p h o l o g y:

F l a g e l l u m: Of females slender, long, bristle-shaped. Of males usually with tyloides.

H e a d: Head contour from front sharply narrowed downwards, with long genae; temples behind eyes from above long, sharply, almost straightly narrowed backwards; occipital carina sharp all round, meeting with hypostomal carina before base of mandible, hypostomal carina usually visible from lateral; mandibles sharply narrowed just behind base, narrow, parallel sided with weak teeth, lower tooth moved inside; clypeus convex in longitudinal and transverse directions.

T h o r a x: Mesonotum moderately convex, slightly longer than width; notauli not developed, only as slight impressions at base; sternauli absent; scutellum high elevated above postscutellum from convex and rounded from lateral to high elevated to apex, laterally not carinated, rarely carinated, usually not entirely; axillary tongue expressed. Hind margin of metanotum with projections opposite lateral longitudinal carinae. Propodeum shorter than height with expressed fields and with sharp usually bent upwards apophysises; spiracles long, slit-shaped.

L e g s: Long and slender. Hind coxae of females without scopa; claws smooth.

W i n g s: Areolet pentagonal, symmetrical with wide base.

A b d o m e n: Usually sharply oxypygous, rarely (of Amblysmenus HEINRICH ) amblypygous (similarity with Platylabini ). Postpetiolus nothing longitudinally striated with more or less distinct punctures or rugosity. Gastrocoeli moderately deep, with distinct thyridia, closed to base of second tergite. Lunulae distinct.

C o l o r a t i o n: Body black, or black with red; tergites of abdomen often with white spots.

S i z e: Species of large or moderate size.

B i o l o g y:

Parasites of Rhopalocera. Females of Holarctic species are hibernate.