Diognetus insulanus ( Yasunaga, 1994 ) Yasunaga & Schwartz & Chérot, 2023

Yasunaga, Tomohide, Schwartz, Michael D. & Chérot, Frédéric, 2023, Revision of the plant bug genus Diognetus, with descriptions of thirteen new species from the Oriental and Eastern Palearctic Regions (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 63 (1), pp. 1-55 : 26

Diognetus insulanus ( Yasunaga, 1994) comb. nov.

( Figs 3C , 12D–F , 14A–B , 15A–E , 23 , 29 )

Yamatolygus insulanus Yasunaga, 1994: 121 (original description).

Yamatolygus insulanus: YASUNAGA (2001) : 268, fig. 317 (diagnosis); KERZHNER & JOSIFOV (1999): 182 (catalog); SCHUH (2002 –2013) (online catalog); NOZAKI et al. (2015): 17 (faunal list); AUKEMA (2018) (online catalog).

Yamatolygus insulans (incorrect subsequent spelling): SCHUH (1995): 972 (catalog).

Yamatolygus insulanus (misidentification referring to Diognetus vernus sp. nov.): NOZAKI et al. (2016): 81 (faunal list); OH et al. (2018): 482 (faunal list); KIM et al. (2019): 72 (diagnosis).

Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: J, JAPAN: RYUKYUS: Amami- - Oshima Island, Kagoshima Pref., Yamato Village, Materia Waterfall , 28.316860, 129.351380, UV light trap, 12 May 1987, T. Yasunaga ( TYCN) AMNH _ PBI 00380750 ). PARATYPES: JAPAN: RYUKYUS: Tokara Islands, Takara Island, 29.14, 129.21, 16–17 May 1991, T. Ueno, 2 JJ 2 ♀♀ ( TYCN); Amami-Oshima Island, Chinaze, 28.351, 129.437, UV light trap, 13 May 1987, T. Yasunaga ( TYCN); Okinawa Island, Nago City, Ohura, 26.555, 128.045, UV lighting, 5 Jun 1990, M. Hayashi et al., 1 J 1♀ ( TYCN); Okinawa Island, Nago City, Haneji, 26.61 128.02, 24 Apr 1993, S. Azuma, 1 J 2♀♀ ( TYCN); Okinawa Island, Kunigami Village, Yona, 26.763503, 128.216387, on flower of Schima wallichii , 21 May 1993, T. Yasunaga, 1 ♀ ( TYCN); same locality, UV light trap, 20–25 May 1993, T. Yasunaga, 2 JJ 2 ♀♀ ( TYCN); same locality, 24 May 1993, Y. Nakatani, 1 ♀ ( NIAES).

Additional material examined. JAPAN: KYUSHU: Kagoshima Pref., Simo-Koshiki Island, Aose, 31.6755, 129.7210, UV lighting, 25 Aug 2014, T. Nozaki, 1 ♀ ( WCF); Yakushima Island, Issou, 30.45 130.48, 10 Oct 1992, Y. Sawada, 1 J ( TYCN). Nagasaki Pref., Goto Islands, Nakadohri Island, Shin-Kamigoto Town, Tsuzuki-Hamano’ura, 32.9608, 129.0277, UV lighting, 5–6 Jun 2022, T. Yasunaga, 1 J ( TYCN). RYU- KYUS: Okinawa Island, Kunigami Village, Okuni Trail, 26.74, 128.22, inflorescence of Meliosma oldhamii, T. Yasunaga , 1 ♀ ( TYCN); same locality, UV lighting, 25 Jun 1999, T. Yasunaga, 4 JJ 3 ♀♀ ( TYCN); Okinawa Island, Kunigami Village, Yona, 15–18 May 1998, Y. Nakatani, 2 JJ 2 ♀♀ ( NIAES); same locality, 5 Feb 1998, K. Takahashi, 1 ♀ ( TYCN). PHILIPPINES: LUZON: Ifugao, Liwo, 8 km East Mayoyao, 16.90000, 121.20000, 1000 m (3,281 ft), 06 Jun 1967 – 08 Jun 1967, H. M. Torrevillas, 2 JJ ( AMNH _ PBI 00419615–00419616), 2 ♀♀ (00419620–00419621) ( BPBM). TAIWAN: NANTOU HSIEN: Ren’ai Town, Huei-Sun For. Rec. Area, 5 km NE of Meiyuan, 24.06670, 120.98330, 733 m (2,405 ft), 10–11 Jul 1992, T.J.Henry &A. G.Wheeler, Jr., 1 ♀ (00419675) ( USNM); same data, 1 J ( TYCN); Huiseun Forest Area, along Guandao-xi, 24.0865, 121.0265,Mercury UV lighting, 14–15 Mar 2017, T. Yasunaga et al. ( NMNS).

Redescription. For description see YASUNAGA (1994).

Measurements. See Table 1.

Differential diagnosis. Recognized by its ovoid body, with 4.5–5.2 mm total length; castaneous to reddish-brown general coloration ( Figs 3C , 14A–B ); densely distributed sericeous setae along with rather sparsely distributed simple setae on dorsum ( Fig. 23 ); relatively long labium that is as long as or slightly exceeding apex of metacoxa ( Figs 3C , 14B , 29A, C ); less rugose, uniformly and finely punctate scutellum ( Figs 23 , 29B ); short metafemur that is shorter than basal width of pronotum in male; relatively wide basal protuberance of left paramere ( Figs 12D , 15B ); distinct TS and elongate LS of vesica ( Figs 12F , 15D , 29J ); rather thick-rimmed sclerotized ring ( Figs 16A , 29N ); and rather narrow interramal lobe and dorsal structure ( Figs 16B , 29L ). See also differential diagnosis section under D. laureus sp. nov.

Biology. Diognetus insulanus is a thermophilic mirid, occurring only in subtropical and tropical climate zones. Its breeding host is yet to be determined, but ever-green broadleaf trees appear to be the candidates, such as inflorescences of Meliosma oldhamii Miq. (Sabiaceae) and Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth. (Theaceae) from which the adult specimens (including some teneral individuals) were found. Collection records suggest at least two generations per year ( Table 2). Like as other congeners, the adults were frequently attracted to UV light at night.

Distribution. Japan (Koshiki, Yakushima, Amami-Oshima and Okinawa Islands) ( YASUNAGA 1994, 2001, NOZAKI et al. 2015), Philippines * (Luzon), Taiwan * (Nantou District); this thermophilic species appears to be restricted to subtropical and tropical climatic zones.

Figures

Fig. 3. Habitus images for Diognetus species from Japan and Taiwan.A–B – D. flavigenis (Horváth, 1905) (from Kumano, Wakayama), C – D. insulanus (Yasunaga, 1994) (from Okinawa), D–F – D. styrax sp. nov.,♀ (D–E) and 5th instar nymph (Nantou, Taiwan), G–H – D. yamato nom. nov. (from Kochi).

Fig. 12. Male genitalia of Diognetus gotohi sp. nov. (A−C), D. insulanus (Yasunaga, 1994) (D−F) and D. laureus sp. nov. (G−I).A, D, G − left paramere; B, E, H − right paramere; C, F, I − vesica (endosoma). Scale bars 0.2 mm.

Fig. 14. Habitus images of Diognetus spp.A−C − D. insulanus (Yasunaga, 1994), ♀, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views; C−F − D. intonsus Distant, 1904, J (C) and ♀ (D) from India, ♀ (E−F) from Thailand. G−I – D. magnificus sp. nov., ♀ (G−H) and holotype J (I).

Fig. 15. Male genitalia of Diognetus insulanus (Yasunaga, 1994) (A−E), D. intonsus Distant, 1904 (F−J) and D. magnificus sp. nov. (K−N). A−B, F−G, K−L − left paramere; C, H, M − right paramere; D−E, I−J, N − vesica (endosoma). Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Fig. 23. Dorsal vestiture pattern for 4 Japanese Diognetus species: D. cheimon sp. nov., D. insulanus (Yasunaga, 1994), D. laureus sp. nov and D. vernus sp. nov.

Fig. 29. Scanning electron micrographs for Diognetus insulanus (Yasunaga, 1994) from Okinawa, Japan, J (A, D−E, G−H) and ♀ (B−C, F, I, L−O). A – left lateral habitus; B − dorsal habitus; C − ventral habitus; D − anterior body, left lateral view; E − pleura and scent efferent system, left lateral view; F − metatarsus; G−H − apex of pygophore with parameres, left lateral view (G) and dorsal view (H); I − pretarsal structure of metaleg; J−K − vesica (endosoma); L − posterior wall; M − dorsal structure and interramal lobe; N − sclerotized ring; O − apex of ovipositor (gonapophysis I).

Fig. 16. Female genitalia of Diognetus insulanus (Yasunaga, 1994) (A−C), D. intonsus Distant, 1904 (D−E) and D. magnificus sp. nov. (F−H). A, F − genital chamber; D − sclerotized ring; B, G − posterior wall; C, E, H − ovipositor (gonapophysis I). Scale bars 0.1 mm.