Trichilia americana, Sesse & Moc., Sesse & Moc.

García-Gómez, A., Figueroa-Brito, R., García Serrano, L. A. & Jiménez-Pérez, A., 2018, Trichilia (Meliaceae) plants: an important source of biomolecules with insecticidal properties, Florida Entomologist 101 (3), pp. 470-470 : 470-

EFFECT OF EXTRACTS OF TRICHILIA AMERICANA , TRICHILIA HIRTA , AND TRICHILIA HAVANENSIS AT 1,500 PPM ON COPITARSIA DECOLORA LARVAL SURVIVAL

The mean larval survival time of the larvae fed with the hexane extract of T. americana bark was significantly shorter than the other treatments (Log-Rank Test = 151.205; df = 15; P <0.001; Table 4 ). No differences in mean larval survival time were detected among those containing hexane or aqueous T. hirta extracts or the ethyl acetate T. americana extract, but all those were different from the control diet treatment. All other treatments were not significantly different from the control diet treatment. The reduction in survival time, relative to the control diet treatment, was 72 and 52% for T. americana hexane and T. hirta aqueous extracts treatments, respectively.

EFFECT OF EXTRACTS OF TRICHILIA AMERICANA , TRICHILIA HIRTA , AND TRICHILIA HAVANENSIS AT 1,500 PPM ON THE WEIGHT OF COPITARSIA DECOLORA LARVAE AND PUPAE

The weights of 7-d-old larvae were not analyzed because the larvae were too small to weigh accurately. Larval weights at 14 d were significantly affected by the species (F = 143.61; df = 3,265; P <0.0001), the solvent (F = 5.77; df = 4,265; P <0.0002), and the species-solvent interaction (F = 2.93; df = 8,265; P <0.003).The largest weight inhibition was recorded with ethyl acetate extraction of T. americana , a reduction in weight of 99% relative to the control diet treatment. This was followed by hexane and aqueous extracts of T. hirta treatments and the hexane extract of T. americana , with a 98, 97, and 97% reduction, respectively, in relation to the control diet treatment. All other treatments were significantly different from the control diet treatment, with about 64% larval weight inhibition ( Table 5 ).

At 21 d, larvae fed with the T. americana ethyl acetate extract displayed a 99% reduction in weight in relation to the control diet treatment, and weighed the least of all the treatments ( Table 5 ). A reduction of 98 and 96% in relation to the control diet treatment was recorded for larvae with the T. hirta and T. americana hexane treatments. Only the T. hirta hexane treatment and T. americana ethyl acetate extract were significantly lighter than the control (H = 201.330; df = 14; P <0.001).

At 28 d, statistically significant 99 and 98% reductions in weight were recorded for the larvae fed with ethyl acetate extract of T. americana and hexane extract of T. hirta (H = 240.041; df = 13; P <0.001) ( Table 5 ). The methanol extract of T. hirta and the ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts of T. havanensis were similar to the control diet treatment. A 25 to 65% significant reduction in larval weight related to the control diet treatment were obtained with the acetone, methanol, and aqueous extract of T. americana , the ethyl acetate and acetone extract of T. hirta , and the hexane and acetone extract of T. havanensis .

The greatest reduction in pupal weight (21%) was recorded for the larvae fed with T. havanensis acetone extract, and this value was significantly different from the other treatments (F = 210.61; df = 3,137; P <0.0001 for species; F = 308.18; df = 4,137; P <0.0001 for solvent; and F = 74.63; df = 4,137; P <0.0001 for the species-solvent interaction). Larvae fed with T. havanensis hexane extract and T. hirta acetone extract had significant 19% reductions in pupal weights in relation to the control diet treatment ( Table 5 ).

EFFECT OF BARK EXTRACTS OF TRICHILIA AMERICANA , TRICHILIA HIRTA ,>D TRICHILIA HAVANENSIS APPLIED AT 1,500 PPM ON FERTILITY>D FECUNDITY OF COPITARSIA DECOLORA

Because adults were not obtained from all the treatments,the fecundity and fertility were recorded from pairs of the aqueous and methanol extracts of T.americana , the acetone,aqueous,and methanol extracts of T. havanensis , and the ethyl acetate and acetone extracts of T. hirta . Fecundity was significantly affected by the treatments (F = 55.54; df = 7,22; P <0.0001), but female (F = 0.08; df = 1,22; P> 0.05) and male weights (F = 1.06; df = 1,22; P> 0.05, data not shown) were not significantly affected. Fecundity from the controls was highest of the treatments ( Fig. 5 ). Significant reductions of 62 and 57% in fecundity, in relation to the control diet treatment, were recorded from insects fed the aqueous and methanol extracts of T. americana , respectively. The other treatments significantly reduced fecundity by 32 to 44%.

Fertility was significantly affected by the extracts (F = 194.84; df = 7,22; P <0.001), but female (F = 0.51; df = 1,22; P> 0.05) and male weights (F = 0.47; df = 1,22; P> 0.05, data not shown) were not. The highest fecundity was obtained from the controls and was significantly greater than all other treatments ( Fig. 5 ). Aqueous and methanol extracts of T. americana significantly reduced fertility by 90 and 86%, respectively. All other treatments reduced fertility by 47 to 70%.

Figures

Fig. 5. Mean (± SEM) fecundity (black) and fertility (white) of pairs of Copitarsia decolora fed with artificial diet supplemented with aqueous and methanol extracts of Trichilia americana (n = 5), acetone (n = 2), and ethyl acetate (n = 3) of Trichilia hirta; aqueous, acetone, and methanol of Trichilia havanensis (n = 4); and the control diet (n = 5). Same color bars topped by the same letter are not significantly different (P> 0.05; LSD test). Error bars are Standard Error of the Mean.