Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758

James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Artiodactyla, Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections, pp. 315-343 : 320

Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 . Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:67 .

REVIEWED BY: D. E. Babb (DEB).

TYPE LOCALITY: S. Sweden .

DISTRIBUTION: Forest, moorland and alpine habitats of Europe, Caucasus and C. Asia to W. and N. China and Ussuri region (U.S.S.R.); N. W. Tunisia; N.E. Algeria; Corsica; Sardinia; North America from British Columbia ( Canada) south to California, New Mexico, and Louisiana, east to New York and S. Carolina ( U.S.A.) (now restricted to western areas and reserves in N. America). Introduced to South America and New Zealand.

COMMENT: Includes affinis, bactrianus , hanglu, macneilli, wallichi, xanthopygus, yarkandensis; see Corbet, 1978:201. Includes canadensis , merriami, and nannodes; see McCullough, 1969, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 88:1 -209; Hall, 1981:1084- 1087.

PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U.S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. hanglu subspecies only.

CITES - Appendix II and U.S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. bactrianus subspecies only.

CITES - Appendix III ( Tunisia) and U.S. ESA -Endangered as C. e. barbarus subspecies only. U.S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. corsicanus subspecies only. U.S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. macneilli subspecies only. U.S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. ivallichi subspecies only. U.S. ESA - Endangered as C. e. yarkandensis subspecies only.

ISIS NUMBER: 5301419006004005001.