Hipposideros larvatus, (Horsfield), 1823

Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson, 2017, A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library, PLoS ONE 12 (7), pp. 1-65 : 25

Hipposideros larvatus [Horsfield, 1823]

Rhinolophus larvatus Horsfield, 1823: 6 ; Java, INDONESIA (Collector unknown; Type unknown) [ 102].

Hipposideros larvatus [ 8].

Common English name: Intermediate Roundleaf Bat

Barcode Index Number: BOLD: AAA 4092 (11 DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia) and BOLD: AAA 6227 (1 DNA barcode from Peninsular Malaysia; Fig 4 )

Remarks: Thabah et al. [ 18] reported that specimens of H. larvatus sensu lato from the Indo-Malayan region ( India, Myanmar, Malaysia, China) have variable echolocation frequencies (~82 kHz to ~100 kHz) and those from Peninsular Malaysia emitted the highest frequency (100–102 kHz). They also reported size variation with female specimens from Peninsular Malaysia having the lightest body mass and shortest forearm. DNA barcodes recorded as H. larvatus formed five clusters, consistent with geograpahical origin of the sequences (see Fig 5 in [ 18]). The variations in echolocation, morphology and mtDNA suggest that H. larvatus is a speciescomplex [ 18, 32, 125].

DNA barcodes on BOLD recoded as H. larvatus are associated with eleven BINs. DNA barcodes from Peninsular Malaysia fell into two BINs ( Fig 4 ; see Fig 5 in [ 18]). One BIN comprises DNA barcodes from Perlis, northern Peninsular Malaysia, and Thailand, while the other contains barcodes from across Peninsular Malaysia. Lim et al. [ 134] identified the specimens on an island in Peninsular Malaysia (Pulau Tioman) as H. l. barbensis (type locality: Sainte Barbe Island = Pulau Penjantan), however, Thabah et al. [ 18] stated that H. larvatus in Malaysia represents H. larvatus sensu stricto on the basis of their shorter forearms and type locality. Our NJ analysis suggested at least two distinct forms of H. larvatus are occurring in Peninsular Malaysia ( Fig 4 ) and clustered DNA barcodes of BIN, BOLD:AAA4092 with ABBSI021-04 which shares the same locality with specimens examined by Thabah et al. [ 18]. We tentatively retained a single name, H. larvatus for this species complex in this checklist pending further research.

IUCN status: Least Concern

Recorded at: Pahang: Krau Wildlife Reserve [ 11, 42], Pulau Tioman [ 23, 79], Kuala Atok, National Park [ 44], Fraser Gill Forest Reserve [ 56], Kemasul, Klau Besar, Kenong and Gunung Aais [ 100]; Terengganu: Pasir Raja, Dunggun [ 15], Tasik Kenyir [ 69], Bukit Dendong [ 97], Gunung Tebu Forest Reserve [ 101]; Kedah: Pulau Langkawi [ 23], Ulu Muda Forest Reserve [ 57], Bukit Hijau [ 100], Gunung Angsi Forest Reserve [ 100, 101]; Johor: Pulau Aur [ 23], Endau-Kota Tinggi Forest Reserve [ 56], Gunung Panti and Labis Forest Reserve [ 100]; Perak: Bukit Jerneh Cave and Tumang Lembing Cave [ 30], Temenggor Lake [ 69], Kledang Saiong Forest Reserve [ 100]; Negeri Sembilan: Pasoh Forest Reserve [ 45]; Perlis: Wang Kelian State Park [ 50]; Selangor: Bukit Kutu Wildlife Reserve [ 51], Ulu Gombak [ 52], Semangkok Forest Reserve,[ 101]; Kelantan: Air Panas-Gua Musang [ 61], Gunung Reng and Gua Musang [ 62], Gunung Stong State Park [ 100]; Melaka: Unspecified [ 68]; Pulau Pinang: Bukit Panchor [ 100].

H. larvatus has been reported roosting in limestone caves, buildings, old mines rock and crevices in primary and secondary forests [ 11, 14].

Figures

Fig 4. Neighbour-joining tree showing all available DNA barcodes for species in family Hipposideridae reported from Peninsular Malaysia. The percentage of pseudoreplicate trees (±70%) in which the DNA barcodes clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 pseudoreplicates) are shown above the branches. Abbreviation as follows: PM = Peninsular Malaysia,VN = Vietnam, BN = Borneo (including Sabah & Sarawak of East Malaysia, Brunei and Kalimantan Indonesia), TH = Thailand, LA = Laos, SM = Sumatera Indonesia, CH = China, CM = Cambodia. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179555.g004

Fig 5. Neighbour-joining tree showing all available DNA barcodes for species in family Rhinolophidae reported from Peninsular Malaysia. The percentage of pseudoreplicate trees (±70%) in which the DNA barcodes clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 pseudoreplicates) are shown above the branches. Abbreviation as follows: PM = Peninsular Malaysia,VN = Vietnam, BN = Borneo (including Sabah & Sarawak of East Malaysia, Brunei and Kalimantan Indonesia), TH = Thailand, LA = Laos, SM = Sumatera Indonesia, JV = Java Indonesia, IND = India, CH = China, CM = Cambodia,MN = Myanmar. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179555.g005