Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843)

Çiçek, Erdoğan, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald & Seçer, Burak, 2023, Freshwater lampreys and fishes of Türkiye; an annotated checklist, 2023, Turkish Journal of Zoology 47 (6), pp. 324-468 : 360-361

Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) [N] ― Red garra/Vantuzlu balık-Doktor balık

Taxonomy. Original description: Discognathus rufus Heckel, 1843: 1071 (81) [Aleppo, Syria; lectotype: NMW 53240 (108 mm SL)]. ― Synonyms: Discognathus obtusus Heckel, 1843 ; Discognathus crenulatus Heckel, 1847 . ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Heckel (1843: Pl. 8 (fig. 2)) as Discognathus rufus .

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004) as Garra rufa obtusa ; Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish materials: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Euphrates and Tigris river basins. ― Distribution in river basins: 21-Fırat-Dicle. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Euphrates and Tigris river basins ( Türkiye, Syria, Iraq, and Iran). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 441-Lower Tigris and Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates. ― Habitat: This species inhabits a very wide range of habitats with flowing water, from fast-flowing headwaters and reservoirs to polluted canals and large lowland rivers. Usually absent from standing waters. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally consumed but of no commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none is serious enough to seriously impact this species. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Low priority for conservation action. Garra turcica Karaman, 1971 [E] ― Ceyhan garra/ Yapışkan balık

Taxonomy. Original description: Garra rufa turcica Karaman, 1971: 234 , Pl. 2 (fig. 3) [Ceyhan, Türkiye; holotype (unique): ZMH H1687 ]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Karaman (1971). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Bayçelebi (2020) and Çiçek et al. (2020). ― Turkish material: ZMH.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Seyhan and Ceyhan River basins. ― Distribution in river basins: 17-Doğu Akdeniz, 18-Seyhan, 20-Ceyhan. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: rivers Kızıl (Mersin), Seyhan, Ceyhan and the small coastal streams south of the Ceyhan until Arsuz ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 432-Southern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of standing and slowly flowing waters, such as rivers, springs, and streams. Freshwater.

Economic importance. No commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Garra variabilis (Heckel, 1843) [N] ― Small-mouth garra/Yapışkan balık

Taxonomy. Original description: Discognathus variabilis Heckel, 1843: 1069 (79) [Aleppo, Syria; Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 53238-40 (3, 8, ca. 10), 53260-69 (1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2), 53272 (4); SMF 403 (ex NMW in 1844) (4); ZMB 3301 (4) (ex NMW)]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustrations: Heckel (1843: Pl. 8 (fig. 1)) as Discognathus variabilis .

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish materials: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Tigris River basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 21-Fırat-Dicle. ― General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris River basin ( Türkiye, Syria, and Iraq). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 441-Lower Tigris and Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates. ― Habitat: This species inhabits a wide range of standing and slowly flowing waters, such as rivers, springs, marshes, and streams. It seems to be quite tolerant of pollution and also inhabits reservoirs. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally consumed but of no commercial importance.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: There are many threats in the area, but none seem to be serious enough to really impact this species. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Low priority for conservation action.

Hemigrammocapoeta caudomaculata => Garra caudomaculata

Hemigrammocapoeta culiciphaga => Garra culiciphaga Hemigrammocapoeta kemali => Garra kemali

Tylognathus (Neotylognathus) klatti => Garra klatti Tylognathus klatti => Garra klatti

Varicorhinus kemali => Garra kemali

Torinae Karaman, 1971 (large barbs)

Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel, 1843) [N] ― Shabout/ Şaput-Şabot

Taxonomy. Original description: Barbus grypus Heckel, 1843a: 1048 (58) [Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq; syntypes: NMW 54160-61 (1, 2), 91023 (1); SMF 2613 (1, dry), ZMB 8788 (1)]. ― Synonyms: Tor grypus (Heckel, 1843) ; Labeobarbus kotschyi Heckel, 1843 . ― Revisions: Borkenhagen (2014: 1179, 1189). ― Illustration: Borkenhagen (2014: 1184, fig. 1C).

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004) as Tor grypus ; Geldiay and Balık (2007) as Tor grypus ; Fricke et al. (2007) as Barbus grypus ; Kuru et al. (2014) as Barbus grypus ; Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish materials: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Euphrates and Tigris river basins. ― Distribution in river basins: 21-Fırat-Dicle.― General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris river systems and rivers ( Türkiye, Iraq, Iran). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 441-Lower Tigris and Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates. ― Habitat: This species inhabits big rivers as well as large reservoirs. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: VU (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CON, CLI, EUT, FIT, HAB. ― Moderate sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Moderate priority for conservation action. Barbus chantrei => Carasobarbus chantrei

Barbus grypus => Arabibarbus grypus

Barbus kosswigi => Carasobarbus kosswigi

Barbus luteus => Carasobarbus luteus

Barbus parieschanica => Carasobarbus luteus

Barynotus verhoeffi => Carasobarbus chantrei Carasobarbus canis (Valenciennes, 1842) => not occurring in Türkiye (see Çiçek et al., 2020) Carasobarbus chantrei ( Sauvage, 1882) [N] ― Orontes himri/Bıyıklı balık

Taxonomy. Original description: Labeobarbus chantrei Sauvage, 1882: 165 [Antakya Lake (=Lake Amik) (36°12′14″N, 36°09′26″E), Hatay Province, Türkiye; lectotype: MNHN A-3866; lectotype selected by Krupp (1985a: 19) and again later (same specimen) by Ekmekçi & Bănărescu (1998: 92)]. ― Synonyms: Barbus chantrei ( Sauvage, 1882) ; Barbus canis (non-Valenciennes, 1842); Tor canis (non-Valenciennes, 1842); Barynotus verhoeffi Battalgil, 1942 . ― Revisions: Ekmekçi and Bănărescu (1998: 92); Borkenhagen et al. (2011: 328); Borkenhagen and Krupp (2013: 17). ― Illustration: Borkenhagen and Krupp (2013: 19, figs. 10-11).

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: MNHN.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Orontes River system. ― Distribution in river basins: 19-Asi. ― General distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Türkiye and Syria. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 437-Orontes. ― Habitat: This species inhabits lowland rivers, backwaters, lakes, reservoirs, springs, and ponds, rarely in fast-flowing waters. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Locally commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NT (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, EUT, HAB. ― Low sensitivity to human activities. ― Not considered a keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― Moderate priority for conservation action.