Salmo chilo Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012

Çiçek, Erdoğan, Sungur, Sevil, Fricke, Ronald & Seçer, Burak, 2023, Freshwater lampreys and fishes of Türkiye; an annotated checklist, 2023, Turkish Journal of Zoology 47 (6), pp. 324-468 : 423-426

Salmo chilo Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 [E] ― Chilo trout/Kırmızı benekli alabalık

Taxonomy. Original description: almo chilo Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012: 224 , fig. 2b, 5 [Akdere Stream at Gürün county, Euphrates River drainage (Fırat Nehri), Sivas Province, Türkiye; holotype: FFR 3054 ]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Turan et al. (2012: 224, fig. 2b, 5) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Turan et al. (2012). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: FFR.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Upper Ceyhan River basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 20-Ceyhan. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: upper Euphrates River (Fırat Nehri] basin (Persian Gulf tributary), Sivas Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 432-Southern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits hilly streams that are usually fed by springs. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: VU. ― IUCN: VU (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: CLI, CON, COM, EUT, FIT, HAB. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Salmo ciscaucasicus Dorofeeva, 1967 [N] ― Caspian salmon/Hazar somonu

Taxonomy. Originaldescription : Salmo trutta ciscaucasicus Dorofeeva, 1967: 15 [Keyranchay River, Samur delta, eastern Ciscaucasia, Russia; holotype: ZIN 26244 ]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None .

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kaya (2020b). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Kura-Aras River basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 24-Aras. ― General distribution: Eurasia: Terek River and rivers flowing into the Caspian Sea from the north and northwest. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 434-Kura - South Caspian Drainages. ― Habitat: This species inhabits cold streams, rivers, and lakes. Spawns in rivers and streams with swift water. Freshwater, brackish, marine.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Salmo coruhensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010 [N] ― Choruck trout/Kırmızı benekli alabalık

Taxonomy. Original description: Salmo coruhensis Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2010: 345 , figs. 4b, 5b, 7, 8, 14b [Çoruh River drainage, Pehlivanli Stream at Pehlivanli village, 40°30.42′N, 41°29.17′E, Erzurum Province, Türkiye; holotype: FFR 3036]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Turan et al. (2010: 345, figs. 4b, 5b, 7, 8, 14b).

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Turan et al. (2010). ― Turkish material: FFR.

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Turan et al. (2010). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Choruck River basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 23-Çoruh. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Çoruh Nehri and Marmara Sea basins (Black Sea tributaries), Türkiye. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 433-Western Transcaucasia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits the lower parts of rivers and also migrates to the sea to forage. Freshwater, brackish, marine.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NT (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: CON, EUT. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Salmo duhani Turan & Aksu, 2021 [E] ― Trout/Kırmızı benekli alabalık

Taxonomy. Original description: Salmo duhani Turan & Aksu, 2021: 232, fig. 1 [Stream Zeytinli about 9 km east of Kazdağı National Park, Çanakkale Province, Türkiye, 39.750N 27.017E, 28.11.2006; holotype: FFR 3183 ]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Turan and Aksu (2021: 232, fig. 1) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Turan and Aksu (2021). ― Turkish material: FFR.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Marmara and Susurluk basins.― Distribution in river basins: 2-Marmara, 3-Susurluk. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: southern Marmara Sea drainages, Türkiye. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 423-Thrace. ― Habitat: This species inhabits cold streams, rivers, and lakes. Spawns in rivers and streams with swift water. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Salmo euphrataeus Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014 [E] ― Euphrates trout/Kırmızı benekli alabalık

Taxonomy. Original description: Salmo euphrataeus Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014: 281 , fig. 4 [Erzurum Province, Kuzgun Stram, Euphrates River drainage, 40°13′11.1″N, 41°0618.3″E, Türkiye; holotype: FFR 1219 ]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Turan et al. (2014: 281, fig. 4) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Turan et al. (2014).Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: FFR.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Northeastern tributaries of Euphrates River. ― Distribution in river basins: 21-Fırat-Dicle. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: upper Euphrates River (Fırat Nehri] basin (Persian Gulf tributary), Erzurum Province ( Türkiye).― Distribution in ecoregions: 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates. ― Habitat: This species inhabits cold streams, rivers, and lakes. Spawns in rivers and streams with swift water. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Salmo fahrettini Turan, Kalayci, Bektaş, Kaya & Baycelebi, 2020 [E] ― Euphrates trout/Kırmızı benekli alabalık

Taxonomy. Original description: Salmo fahrettini Turan, Kalayci, Bektaş, Kaya & Baycelebi, 2020: 1456 , figs. 1-2 [Stream Ömertepesuyu at Palandöken, Erzurum Province, Türkiye, 39°47′44.88″N, 40°56′39.84″E; holotype: FFR 03231 ]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Turan et al. (2020: 1456, figs. 1-2) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Turan et al. (2020). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Çiçek et al. (2020). ― Turkish material: FFR.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Northeastern drainages of Euphrates River.― Distribution in river basins: 21-Fırat-Dicle. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: upper Euphrates River basin, Türkiye. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates. ― Habitat: This species inhabits cold streams, rivers, and lakes. Spawns in rivers and streams with swift water. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Salmo kottelati Turan, Doğan, Kaya & Kanyılmaz, 2014 [E] ― Antalya trout/Kırmızı benekli alabalık Taxonomy. Original description: Salmo kottelati Turan, Doğan, Kaya & Kanyılmaz, 2014: 138 , fig. 1 [Antalya Province: Altınyaka village ; Alakır Stream (36°35′14.57″N, 30°18′54.87″E), Türkiye; holotype: FFR 03180 ]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Turan et al. (2014: 138, fig. 1) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Turan et al. (2014). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: FFR.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Alakir Stream, Antalya. ― Distribution in river basins: 8-Batı Akdeniz. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Alakır Stream (Mediterranean tributary), Antalya Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 429-Western Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits cold streams, rivers, and lakes. Spawns in rivers and streams with swift water. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Salmo labecula Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 [E] ― Seyhan trout/Kırmızı benekli alabalık

Taxonomy. Original description: Salmo labecula Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012: 226 , fig. 2c, 6 [Niğde Province, Ecemis Stream at Çamardı county, Seyhan River drainage, Türkiye. holotype: FFR 3056 ]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Turan et al. (2012: 226, fig. 2c, 6) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Turan et al. (2012). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: FFR.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Seyhan River drainage. ― Distribution in river basins: 18-Seyhan. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Seyhan River basin (Mediterranean tributary), Niğde Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 432-Southern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits hilly streams that are usually fed by springs. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: EN. ― IUCN: EN (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: CLI, CON, COM, EUT, FIT, HAB. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814 [N] ― Black Sea salmon/ Denizalası

Taxonomy. Original description: Salmo labrax Pallas, 1814: 346 [Sivastopol and Biyuk-ozen River; Chersones; and Ochakov, Crimea, Ukraine; syntypes: whereabouts unknown]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: None .

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Bilecenoğlu et al. (2002, 2014); Kuru (2004) as Salmo trutta labrax Geldiay and Balık (2007) as Salmo trutta labrax ; Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Black Sea watersheds. ― Distribution in river basins: 12- Sakarya, 13-Batı Karadeniz, 14-Yeşilırmak, 15-Kızılırmak, 22-Doğu Karadeniz, 23-Çoruh. ― General distribution: Eurasia: Black Sea and adjacent watersheds; introduced in Tigris-Euphrates watersheds. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 430-Northern Anatolia, 433-Western Transcaucasia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits coasts at depths of up to 50 m at sea. Migrates to hill streams. Resident part of populations in streams and uppermost reaches with fast current, cold clear water and stone or gravel bottom. Spawns in upper reaches with fast current. Freshwater, brackish, marine.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: LC (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: CON. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Salmo macrostigma (Dumeril 1858) => not occurring in Türkiye (see Çiçek et al., 2020)

Salmo munzuricus Turan, Kottelat & Kaya, 2017 [E] ― Munzur trout/Munzur alası

Taxonomy. Original description: Salmo munzuricus Turan, Kottelat & Kaya, 2017: 56 , figs. 1-2 [Munzur Stream, Ovacik village, Tunceli Province, Türkiye, 39°20′50″N, 39°08′03″E; holotype: FFR 03161 ]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Turan et al. (2017: 56, figs. 1-2) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Turan et al. (2017). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Çiçek et al. (2018a, 2020). ― Turkish material: FFR.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Munzur River, Euphrates River drainage. ― Distribution in river basins: 21-Fırat-Dicle. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Munzur and Murat Rivers, upper Euphrates River (Fırat Nehri) drainage (Persian Gulf tributary), Tunceli Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates. ― Habitat: This species inhabits cold streams, rivers, and lakes. Spawns in rivers and streams with swift water. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Salmo murathani Turan, Kottelat & Kaya, 2022 [E] ― Trout/Kırmızı benekli alabalık

Taxonomy. Original description: Salmo murathani Turan, Kottelat & Kaya, 2022: 44 , figs. 1-2 [Keklik Stream, Kars Stream drainage, Sarıkamış District, Aras River basin, Kars Province, Türkiye, 40°17′N, 42°39′E; holotype: FFR 3240 ]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Turan et al. (2022: 44, figs. 1-2) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Turan et al. (2022). ― Turkish material: FFR.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Aras River. ― Distribution in river basins: 24-Aras. ― General distribution: Eurasia: Kars Stream drainage, upper Aras River basin, Kars Province, eastern Anatolia. ― Distribution in ecoregions: 434-Kura - South Caspian Drainages. ― Habitat: This species inhabits cold streams, rivers, and lakes. Spawns in rivers and streams with swift water. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Salmo mykiss => Oncorhynchus mykiss

Salmo okumusi Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014 [E] ― Okumus trout/Kırmızı benekli alabalık

Taxonomy. Original description: Salmo okumusi Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2014: 277 , fig. 1 [Malatya Province, Sürgü Stream, Euphrates River drainage, 37°59′51.1″N, 37°57′29.9″E, Türkiye. holotype: FFR 1251 ]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Turan et al. (2014: 277, fig. 1) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Turan et al. (2014). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: FFR.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Western tributaries of Euphrates River. ― Distribution in river basins: 21-Fırat-Dicle. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: upper Euphrates River (Fırat Nehri) basin (Persian Gulf tributary), Malatya and Sivas provinces ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 442-Upper Tigris and Euphrates. ― Habitat: This species inhabits cold streams, rivers, and lakes. Spawns in rivers and streams with swift water. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: NE (2023). ― Threats: Unknown. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Salmo opimus Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012 [E] ― Opimus trout/Kırmızı benekli alabalık

Taxonomy. Original description: Salmo opimus Turan, Kottelat & Engin, 2012: 230 , fig. 2d, 7 [Antalya Province: Alara Stream at Gündogmus, Türkiye; holotype: FFR 3047 ]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Turan et al. (2012: 230, fig. 2d, 7) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Turan et al. (2012). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: FFR.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Ceyhan River tributaries. ― Distribution in river basins: 9- Antalya. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Alara Stream (Mediterranean tributary), Antalya Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 432-Southern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits cold streams, rivers, and lakes. Spawns in rivers and streams with swift water. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: EN. ― IUCN: EN (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, FIT. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Decreasing. ― High priority for conservation action.

Salmo pelagonicus Karaman, 1938 [N] ― Trout/Kırmızı benekli alabalık

Taxonomy. Original description: Salmo pelagonicus Karaman, 1938: 133 , fig. 1 [Mountain brooks, former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia; syntypes: (3) whereabouts unknown].― Synonyms: None.― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: Karaman (1938: 133, fig. 1) .

Status in Türkiye. Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Turan and Bayçelebi (2020). ― Turkish material: None.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Karamenderes Irmağında, Çanakkale. ― Distribution in river basins: 4-Kuzey Ege. ― General distribution: Southeastern Europe: Macedonia and Greece east to Çanakkale Province ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 429-Western Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits mountain streams. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: Unknown. ― IUCN: VU (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: COM, FIT. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Unknown. ― High priority for conservation action.

Salmo platycephalus Behnke, 1968 [E] ― Flathead trout/ Zamantı alası

Taxonomy. Original description: Salmo platycephalus Behnke, 1968: 2 , figs. 1-2 [Tributary of Seyhan River basin, about 30 kilometers south of Pinarbasi, Türkiye; holotype: ZMH H4089 ]. ― Synonyms: None. ― Revisions: None. ― Illustration: (1968: 2, figs. 1-2) .

Status in Türkiye. Recorded from Türkiye in the original description by Behnke (1968). Listed in previous checklists from Türkiye by Kuru (2004); Geldiay and Balık (2007); Fricke et al. (2007); Kuru et al. (2014); Çiçek et al. (2015, 2018 a, 2020). ― Turkish material: ZMH.

Distribution and habitat. Distribution in Türkiye: Upper Seyhan River basin. ― Distribution in river basins: 18-Seyhan. ― General distribution: Asia Minor: Seyhan River basin, Mediterranean tributary ( Türkiye). ― Distribution in ecoregions: 432-Southern Anatolia. ― Habitat: This species inhabits hilly streams that are usually fed by springs. Freshwater.

Economic importance. Commercially important.

Conservation. Conservation status in Türkiye: EN. ― IUCN: EN (IUCN, 2023). ― Threats: ABS, CLI, CON, COM, FIT, HAB. ― High sensitivity to human activities. ― Keystone species. ― Decline status: Stable. ― High priority for conservation action.