Cathorops Jordan & Gilbert, 1883
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad078 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5D6C7EBF-E568-4100-9364-2DD357003878 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11282595 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F32B77-FFEC-FFAC-0E88-FD9BFBCB4EB6 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Cathorops Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 |
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Cathorops Jordan & Gilbert, 1883 View in CoL View at ENA
MP 100, BI 1, ML 100
( Figs 1–3 View Figure 1 View Figure 2 View Figure 3 , 9A View Figure 9 – 10 View Figure 10 )
Arius hypophthalmus Steindachner, 1876 .
Diagnosis
Posterior branches of mesethmoid narrow (6, 0> 1); posterior branches of mesethmoid parallel throughout their entire extension (7, 0> 1); frontal as main component of bony bridge formed by lateral ethmoid and frontal (15, 0> 2); fenestra delimited by lateral ethmoid and frontal very large (17, 1> 2); epioccipital contacting both diagonal and transversal crests associated with neural spine of fourth vertebra (44, 0> 1); accessory tooth plates small, vertically oval (60, 2> 3); otic capsules weakly differentiated (69, 0> 1); anterior margin of subvertebral process keeled (81, 0> 1); basioccipital lateral process very long (84, 0> 1); transcapular process depressed (88, 0> 1); premaxilla narrow and very long, its length two to three times in width (120, 1> 2); anteroventral portion of opercle subtrapezoidal, very short (127, 1> 2); anteroventral margin of opercle concave or almost straight (128, 0> 1); posterior margin of interopercle straight and inclined (130, 0> 1); anterior portion of interopercle compressed and bifurcate (132, 0> 1); metapterygoid anterior process rounded (138, 0> 2); ventral crest of hyomandibula absent (142, 0> 1); second external branchiostegal ray almost as wide as first ray (148, 0> 1); anterior portion of anterior ceratohyal compressed (150, 0> 1); anterior margin of urohyal not notched (154, 0> 1); posterolateral processes of urohyal short (160, 1> 0); transverse crest associated with neural spine of fourth vertebra very high (200, 0> 1); median crest associated with neural spine of fourth vertebra very high (202, 0> 1); general aspect of superficial ventral ossification of Weberian ossification regularly arched (211, 0> 1); 18 or fewer precaudal vertebrae (215, 1> 0); second dorsal cleithral process dorsally directed and parallel to first dorsal process (226, 0> 1).
Ambiguous optimization: Temporal fossa very reduced (39, 1> 0); anterior margin of otolith markedly irregular, concave (71,?> 3); anterior opening of aortic canal within base of subvertebral process and anteriorly oriented (77,?> 2); ventral tip of subvertebral process spatulate (80,?> 3).
Included species
Cathorops agassizii (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888) Cathorops aguadulce (Meek, 1904)
Cathorops arenatus (Valenciennes, 1840)
Cathorops belizensis Marceniuk & Betancur-R., 2008 * Cathorops dasycephalus ( Günther, 1864)
Cathorops festae (Boulenger, 1898)
Cathorops fuerthii (Steindachner, 1876)
Cathorops higuchii Marceniuk & Betancur-R., 2008 Cathorops hypophthalmus (Steindachner, 1876) Cathorops kailolae Marceniuk & Betancur-R., 2008 * Cathorops liropus (Bristol, 1897) *
Cathorops manglarensis Marceniuk, 2007
Cathorops mapale Betancur-R. & Acero P., 2005 Cathorops melanopus ( Günther, 1864) *
Cathorops multiradiatus ( Günther, 1864)
Cathorops nuchalis ( Günther, 1864) *
Cathorops raredonae Marceniuk , Betancur-R. & Acero P., 2009 Cathorops spixii (Agassiz, 1829) *
Cathorops steindachneri (Gilbert & Starks, 1904)
Cathorops taylori (Hildebrand, 1925)
Cathorops tuyra ( Meek & Hildebrand, 1923)
Cathorops wayuu Betancur-R., Acero P. & Marceniuk, 2012.
Habitat and distribution: Fresh and brackish waters, eastern and western Central and South America ( Fig. 9 View Figure 9 ).
Remarks
The monophyly Cathorops has been shown to be well supported in previous studies (Betancur-R. et al. 2007, Marceniuk and Menezes 2007, Betancur-R. 2009, Marceniuk et al. 2012), but there is no consensus regarding their relationships in previous morphological and molecular studies (Betancur-R. et al. 2007, Betancur-R. 2009, Marceniuk et al. 2012). Results of the total-evidence analysis corroborates the monophyly of Cathorops and its sister group relationship with Notarius (including Aspistor ), as postulated in previous molecular studies.
Within Cathorops , species share a suite of molecular and morphological characters not found in the species of Cathorops dasycephalus . The total-evidence hypothesis presented above places Cathorops dasycephalus as the sister group to all remaining Cathorops , and was assigned to a separate subgenus Cathorops (Precathorops) Betancur-R. & Acero P. (2007). Morphological character states shared by the remaining species, in Cathorops (Cathorops) , are as follows: fenestra delimited by mesethmoid and lateral ethmoid present (3, 0> 1); fenestra delimited by mesethmoid and lateral ethmoid small, not filled with cartilage (4,?> 0); mesethmoid posterior horn tubular, narrow and elongate (5, 0> 1); posterior branches of mesethmoid very long, delimiting one-half of length of anterior cranial fontanel (8, 0> 2); posterior cranial fontanel reduced to a small opening (27, 1> 0); extrascapular delimiting more than three-fifths of temporal fossa (40, 0> 1); tooth plates associated with vomer absent (55, 1> 0); accessory tooth plates molariform (61, 0> 1); ventral process at symphysis of dentary long and very conspicuous (115, 1> 2); teeth acicular and molariform on dentary (117, 0> 1); metapterygoid one and a one-half times longer than deep in perpendicular section (135, 1> 2); first hypobranchial very elongate transversely, its mesial face well developed and acute 172 (0> 1); anterior process of first hypobranchial inconspicuous (173, 0> 1); second hypobranchial very elongate transversely, its mesial face acute (176, 0> 1); space for insertion of teeth on fifth ceratobranchial very small (194, 1> 2); cardinal veins at same level of aortic canal (210, 0> 1); posterior process of cleithrum very short (224, 1> 0); cleithrum lateral face very narrow (227, 0> 1).
Ambiguous optimization: Posterior cranial fontanel formed exclusively frontals (25, 0> 1).
| MP |
Mohonk Preserve, Inc. |
| ML |
Musee de Lectoure |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.