Coluzea wormaldi Powell, 1971

Harasewych, M. G., 2011, The Living Columbariinae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda: Turbinellidae) of New Zealand, Zootaxa 2744 (1), pp. 1-33 : 15-18

Coluzea wormaldi Powell, 1971

( Figures 36 , 40 , 43–61 )

Synonymy:

Coluzea mariae (non Powell, 1952) Dell, 1963: 211, pl. 1, fig. 4.

Coluzea wormaldi Powell, 1971: 221–222 , fig. 17.

Columbarium (Coluzea) wormaldi Powell, 1979: 170 , pl. 37, fig. 3.

Diagnosis. Shell large, broad, fusiform, with a very long, distally twisted siphonal canal. Spire short, broadly conical (spire angle 44–48˚), with low, compressed whorls. Cord adjacent to periphery most pronounced of spiral cords between suture and periphery. Peripheral keel nodulose, with prominent spiral cord between periphery and weak anterior carina. Protoconch broadly conical, of ~1⅓ whorls. Teleoconch with up to 8 whorls. Axial sculpture of 12– 20 low ribs with prominent nodular tubercles along periphery and, in some specimens, on immediately adjacent spiral cords. Shell color uniformly white.

Description. Shell ( Figures 43–55 ) large (to 110.1 mm), thin, with short, conical spire (spire angle 44–48˚), small, rounded aperture, very long axial, siphonal canal. Protoconch ( Figures 58, 59 ), tall, conical, of weakly inflated, heavily eroded whorls increasing in diameter from 400 µm to 1.75 mm in ~1⅓ whorls. First whorl deflected from shell coiling axis by ~32˚. Transition to teleoconch marked by strong shoulder followed by onset of weak spiral threads, and, within ¼ whorl, by peripheral keel with 11–12 broadly rounded tubercles per whorl. Teleoconch of 7½–8 roundly convex, broadly ovate whorls. Suture ( Figure 49 , s) adpressed onto or just beneath spiral cord along weak anterior carina ( Figure 49 , ac) of previous whorl. Spiral sculpture of: smooth area adjacent to suture, 1 strong and 0–4 weaker spiral cords nearer periphery, short, laterally directed peripheral keel (figure 49, pk), 1 prominent cord between periphery and anterior carina (may be stronger than carina), 3–4 strong cords between carina and siphonal canal, 5–11 progressively weaker cords along proximal ⅓ of siphonal canal. Fine to very fine spiral threads between major cords. Axial sculpture of weak to moderately strong axial ribs producing tubercles or nodes along peripheral keel (10–12 broad, undulating tubercles on early whorls, 17–20 strong to weak, bead-like nodes on last whorl of larger specimens), occasionally on adjacent spiral cords (e.g., Figures 43–45 , on spiral cords anterior to peripheral keel, Figures 49–52 , on spiral cord posterior to peripheral keel). Orthocline growth striae most pronounced between adjacent spiral cords. Aperture ovate, tapering anteriorly, narrower in juveniles, more rounded with increasing shell size ( Figures 47 →49→53→43), deflected from shell axis by 24–28˚. Outer lip thinly glazed, furrowed beneath peripheral keel, adjacent spiral cords. Inner lip smooth. Portions of outer shell layer comprising surface sculpture resorbed along parietal region, columella and siphonal canal prior to deposition of thin porcellaneous glaze. Siphonal canal very long (52–56% shell length), narrow, axial, thin, with proximal ⅓ straight, distal ⅔ spirally coiled. Shell color uniformly white. Periostracum thin, straw colored, finely lamellose. Operculum ( Figures 56, 57 ) broadly rounded posteriorly, sharply tapered anteriorly, attached to columellar muscle along broadly ovate area confined to posterior 2/3 of operculum. Operculum weakly corrugated, its lateral edges thickened, its nucleus and free edges worn, abraded.

Single, preserved, male specimen examined ( Figures 53–55 , SL = 78.0 mm). General anatomical organization same as that of Coluzea spiralis . Conspicuous differences include: lack of pigmented eyes, presence of a shorter penial papilla. Radular ribbon ( Figures 60, 61 ) 4.95 mm long, with 118 rows of teeth. Rachidian teeth 118.9 µm wide, basal plate with U-shaped central section (49.2 µm wide), flanked by broad, rectangular, anteriorly skewed edges. Of 3 cusps, central cusp longest (56.0 µm), broadest, with tip reaching dimple in next posterior tooth. Lateral teeth with single, long (113.2 µm), scythe-shaped cusp, attached to radular ribbon along narrow, posterior edge of broadly triangular basal plate (49.2 µm wide).

Type locality. ( Figure 36 ,) E of Poor Knights Islands , North Island, in 549 m.

Type material. Holotype, Auckland Museum, AK71334 . The original publication identified 2 paratypes, also from the type locality, but did not specify where they were deposited. They are not in the collections of the Auckland Museum.

Material examined. NORTH ISLAND: 1 NMNZ M.016272, 23 miles NE of Cuvier Island [36°20.0’S, 176°12.0’E], 476–494 m, 8 Nov. 1962 . RV IKATERE; 18 NMNZ M.090102, E of Aldermen Islands [37°00.0’S, 176°16.0’E], 380–420 m, Oct. 1987 , FV TRINITY; 1 NMNZ M.081465, SE of Aldermen Islands [37°01.0’S, 176°14.8’E], 357– 312 m, mud, 24 Jan. 1981 , RV TANGAROA; 3 USNM 702121 , off Alderman Islands , in 640 m, Jun. 1969 ; 4 NMNZ M.061039, c. 15 km NNW of Mayor Island [37°08.7’S, 176°14.2’E], 356–380 m, mud and pumice, 23 Jan. 1979 , RV TANGAROA; 1 NMNZ M.060064, c. 15 km NNW of Mayor Island [37°08.8’S, 176°21.8’E], 512–632 m, mud, 23 Jan. 1979 , RV TANGAROA; 2 NMNZ M.060997, c. 13 km NW of Mayor Island [37°09.6’S, 176°12.2’E], 293–348 m, mud and pumice, 22–23 Jan. 1979 , RV TANGAROA; 3 NMNZ M.074627, W of White Island [37°10.9’S, 176°38.7’E], 685–705 m, mud, 23 Jan. 1981 , RV TANGAROA; 2 NMNZ M.060195, c. 37 km E of Mayor Island [37°22.0’S, 176°40.0’E], 616–666 m, mud, 24 Jan. 1979 , RV TANGAROA; 1 NMNZ M.060184, c. 43 km E of Mayor Island [37°23.5’S, 176°45.0’E], 631–666 m, mud, 21 Jan. 1979 , RV TANGAROA; 1 NMNZ M.009740, Off Cape Palliser [41°39.5’S, 175°17’E], 91–366 m, 23 Feb. 1956 ; 1 NMNZ M.059653, Slope off Cape Palliser [41°42.0’S, 175°15’E], 461 m, mud, 9 Jan. 1979 , RV TANGAROA.

Additional material at NMNZ. NORTH ISLAND: 1 NMNZ M.183923, E of Great Barrier Island [36°18.0’S, 176°10.0’E], 430 m. 15 Oct. 2006 , FV CHRISTMAS; 1 NMNZ M.131874, off Great Barrier Island , North Island, in 400 m. 1996; 1 NMNZ M.183810, ENE of Red Mercury Island [36°34.7’S, 176°10.7’E], 371–410 m, 2 Jun. 2006 , FV CHRISTMAS; 2 NMNZ M.088350, E of Aldermen Islands [36°54.2’S, 176°17.4’E], 400 m, 22 Jun. 1987 , FV TRINITY; 2 NMNZ M.088369, E of Aldermen Islands [36°59.0’S, 176°16.6’E], 430 m, 23 Jun. 1987 , FV TRINITY; 22 NMNZ M.090001, E of Aldermen Islands [37°00.0’S, 176°16.0’E], 410–415 m, Jul. 1987 , FV TRINITY; 1 NMNZ M.090202, E of Aldermen Islands [37°07.0’S, 176°15.0’E], 380–420 m, Dec. 1987 , FV TRINITY; 1 NMNZ M.083868, off the Aldermen Islands , 549 m ; 5 NMNZ M.278401, off Aldermen Islands , 475–550 m, Apr. 1969 ; 9 NMNZ M.090158, SE of Mayor Island [37°21.0’S, 176°26.0’E], 390–420 m, Nov. 1987 , FV TRINITY; 2 NMNZ M.278400, between Mayor Island and Poor Knights Island, 365–550 m, Jan 1969 , FV VALYRIE; 1 NMNZ M.0119038, S of White Island [37°36.3’S, 177°10.2’E], 337 m, 15 Jan. 1995 , RV KAHAROA; 1 NMNZ M.0118397, off Cape Kidnappers [39°43.0’S, 177°35.3’E], 360 m, 4 Jun. 1994 ; 1 NMNZ M.0119058, off Cape Kidnappers [39°44.2’S, 177°33.3’E], 354 m, 17 Jan. 1995 , RV KAHAROA; 3 NMNZ M.153117, off Cape Kidnappers [39°49.0’S, 177°28.0’E], 400 m ; 2 NMNZ M.134566/1, off Waimarama [39°51.2’S, 177°20.9’E], 325 m, 5 Dec. 1996 , FV BILYARA.

Fossil specimens at NMNZ. NORTH ISLAND: 1 NMNZ M.0117612, cliffs W of Whangaimoana, Palliser Bay, Late Pliocene (Mangapanian), 1971.

Distribution ( Figures 36 , 40 ). Coluzea wormaldi inhabits the waters off the northern and eastern coasts of North Island. Records from the northern coast [n = 25] range in depth from 293 to 705 m, with a confirmed bathymetric range of 337–685 m, and a mean station depth of 459.3 m. Records from the eastern coast are fewer [n = 4] and have a range of 91 to 461 m, with a confirmed bathymetric range of 366–461 m, and a mean station depth of 353.6 m.

Remarks. Coluzea wormaldi is most similar to C. spiralis , from which it can be readily distinguished on the basis of its shorter, broader spire (greater spire angle), with more compressed whorls (suture closer to periphery of preceding whorl), a protoconch that is conical and rounded rather than angular, and a proportionally longer siphonal canal. The shell of C. wormaldi is white. Anatomical differences include the lack of pigmented eyes in C. wormaldi , and a penial papilla that is shorter than that of C. spiralis .

The geographic range of Coluzea wormaldi overlaps with those of Columbarium veridicum and Coluzea spiralis along the northern coast of North Island, and with Coluzea spiralis and C. altocanalis along the eastern coast of North Island. Coluzea spiralis is a species that dwells in shallower water, and its confirmed bathymetric range does not overlap with that of C. wormaldi .

The type localities of Coluzea wormaldi and Columbarium veridicum are both off Poor Knights Island, the former from 549 m, the latter from 558– 622 m. Live specimens of both species have been collected together from a single RV TANGAROA station west of White Island, in 685–705 m ( Columbarium veridicum, NMNZ M. 074626; Coluzea wormaldi, NMNZ M. 074627). Records of Coluzea wormaldi from along the eastern coast of North Island are fewer, and from somewhat shallower waters. Its confirmed bathymetric range [366–461 m] does not overlap with that of C. spiralis [32–274 m], nor with Coluzea altocanalis , which inhabits considerably greater depths [785– 880 m] off North Island.

Figures

FIGURES 35–38. Geographic distributions of species of New Zealand Coluzea. 35, Coluzea spiralis (A. Adams, 1856). The type locality is New Zealand. 36, Coluzea wormaldi Powell, 1971. 37, Coluzea altocanalis Dell, 1956. 38, Coluzea mariae Powell, 1952. = type locality. = station records.

FIGURES 39–42. Bathymetric distributions of species of New Zealand Coluzea. 39, Coluzea spiralis (A. Adams, 1856). 40, Coluzea wormaldi Powell, 1971. 41, Coluzea altocanalis Dell, 1956. 42, Coluzea mariae Powell, 1952.

FIGURES 43–61. Coluzea wormaldi Powell, 1971. 43, Apertural, 44, lateral, 45, dorsal, and 46, apical views of specimen from NMNZ M.016272, NE of Cuvier Island, North Island, [36°20.0’S, 176°12.0’E], in 476–494 m. 47, Apertural and 48, dorsal views of specimen from NMNZ M.074627, W of White Island, North Island [37°10.9’S, 176°38.7’E], in 685–705 m, in mud. 49, Apertural, 50, lateral, 51, dorsal, and 52, apical views of specimen from NMNZ M.009740, off Cape Palliser, North Island [41°39.5’S, 175°17’E], in 91–366 m. 53, Apertural, 54, lateral and 55, dorsal views of specimen from NMNZ M.060195, c. 37 km E of Mayor Island, North Island [37°22.0’S, 176°40.0’E], in 616–666 m, in mud. 2 cm scale bar applies to figures 19–27. 56, Inner and 57, outer surfaces of operculum of specimen in figures 53–55. 58, Lateral and 59, apical views of protoconch of specimen in figures 47, 48. Arrows indicate transition to teleoconch. 60–61, Radular ribbon of specimen in figures 53–55. 60, Dorsal view with lateral teeth folded. 61, Dorsal view with lateral teeth expanded. ac, anterior carina; pk, peripheral keel; s, suture.