Lycoperdon subperlatum C.S. Kim

Kim, Chang Sun, Jo, Jong Won, Kwag, Young-Nam, Sung, Gi-Ho, Han, Jae-Gu, Shrestha, Bhushan, Oh, Soon-Ok, Kim, Sang-Yong, Shin, Chang-Ho & Han, Sang-Kuk, 2016, Two new Lycoperdon species collected from Korea: L. albiperidium and L. subperlatum spp. nov., Phytotaxa 260 (2), pp. 101-115 : 112-113

Lycoperdon subperlatum C.S. Kim & S. - K. Han, sp. nov., Fig. 7

MycoBank:—MB 814889

Diagnosis:—Macroscopically this species resembles L. perlatum but they can be distinguished microscopically as L. subperlatum has elastic to subelastic eucapillitial threads with abundant pores; basidiospores globose to subglobose, smooth to very faintly ornamented, and smaller than those of L.perlatum . The two species are clearly distinguished by ITS, RPB2 and TEF1 sequences.

Etymology:—Refers to the morphological features which are similar to those of Lycoperdon perlatum .

Holotype:— KOREA. Gyeonggi Province, Pocheon-si, Gwangneung Forest , coll. Han et al., 27 July 2012 (KA12- 0918), deposited in KH.

Description:—Basidiomata 20–45 mm diam., 25–60 mm high, subglobose, pyriform to turbinate, slightly or not umbonate, pseudostipe usually well-developed, numerous rhizomorphs attached to substrate. Exoperidium echinate, the spines are deciduous with age; whitish when young, entirely brown to dark brown when old; surface reticulate after fall of the spines. Endoperidium yellowish brown, papery. Gleba olive brown to yellowish brown at maturity, pulverulent. Subgleba grayish yellow to yellowish. Solitary to gregarious.

Basidiospores 3.4–3.9 × 3.2–3.7 μm, length/width ratio 1.0–1.1 (n = 30), globose to subglobose, smooth to very faintly ornamented (A in the sense of Demoulin 1972a, b), short pedicel present (<0.7 μm long), pale yellow in 3% KOH. Basidia not observed; basidioles 8.6–12.0 × 5.6–7.3 μm, length/width ratio 1.4–1.8 (n = 10), clavate, without basal clamp. Capillitium of Lycoperdon - type; eucapillitial threads 3.5–5.2 μm diam., thick-walled (up to 2.5 μm thick), elastic to subelastic, aseptate, straight to subundulate, occasional dichotomous branching, abundantly irregular pores present, pale yellow to brownish in 3% KOH; paracapillitial threads present, 3.0–4.9 μm diam., thin-walled (up to 1.0 μm thick), hyaline in 3% KOH, straight to subundulate, septate. Exoperidium composed of sphaerocysts, 7–28 μm diam., thick-walled (up to 1.5 μm thick), subhyaline to yellowish brown in 3% KOH. Endoperidium composed of tightly interwoven hyphal elements, containing inflated elements resembling sphaerocysts, hyaline in 3% KOH.

Habitat:—On rich humus and mixed conifer-hardwood forests.

Other specimens examined:— KOREA. Chungbuk Province, Yeongdong-gun, Mt. Minjuji, coll. Han et al. 16 July 2012 (KA12-0627), deposited in KH ; Chungnam Province, Geumsan-gun, Mt. Jinak, coll. Han et al., 20 June 2012 (KA12-0281), 17 July 2012 (KA12-0693), Mt. Seodae , coll. Han et al., 22 June 2012 (KA12-0322), deposited in KH ; Jeonbuk Province, Gunsan-si, Daejang Island, coll. Han et al., 09 July 2012 (KA12-0494), Seonyu Island , coll. Han et al., 11 July 2012 (KA12-0533), deposited in KH ; Gyeonggi Province, Pocheon-si, Gwangneung Forest, coll. Han et al., 13 July 2012 (KA12-0594), 24 August 2012 (KA12-1105), 12 September 2012 (KA12-1427), 08 August 2013 (KA13-0692), deposited in KH ; Gyeongnam Province, Geoje-si, Mt. Daebong, coll. Han et al., 09 September 2013 (KA13-0967), Hamyang-gun, Mt. Gibaek , coll. Han et al., 19 June 2013 (KA13-0209), 10 September 2013 (KA13- 0979), deposited in KH .

Comments:—The macrocharacters of this species are almost identical to those of Korean, European L. perlatum and American L. perlatum . However, they can be distinguished by microscopic characteristics including eucapillitial threads and basidiospore shape and sizes; L. subperlatum have elastic to subelastic eucapillitial threads with abundant pores; the basidiospores are smooth to very faintly ornamented, the size of basidiospores is smaller than related species ( Table 2). In addition, this species is clearly distinct from Korean, European, and American L. perlatum in the ITS, RPB2 and TEF1 trees ( Figs. 1 , 2 ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus topology based on ITS sequence data. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) and 1000 bootstrap replicates in MP analysis (MPBS) are indicated as PP/MPBS above or below branches. Broad black branches indicate PP>0.95 and MPBS>60%. Broad gray branches indicate 0.89<PP<0.95 and MPBS>50%.

FIGURE 2. RPB2 and EF-1α Neighbor-Joining trees, respectively. Bootstrap values>50% are shown at branches.

FIGURE 7. Fruiting bodies and microscopic observation of Lycoperdon subperlatum sp. nov. a–c. Fruiting bodies (a. KA12-0918; b. KA12- 1427; c. KA13-0979). d. Eucapillitial threads of KA12-0918 in 3% KOH. e. Eucapillitial threads of KA12-0918 in CL. f. Exoperidial elements (KA12-0918) in CL. g. Inflated elements in endoperidium (KA12-0918) in 3% KOH.h. Paracapillitial threads of KA12-0918 in CL. i. Basidiospores of KA12-0918 in CL. Scale bars: a–c = 3 cm, d, f = 20 μm, e, g–i = 10 μm. Photos by: C.S. Kim & S-.K. Han.