Lycoperdon albiperidium C.S. Kim, 2016

Kim, Chang Sun, Jo, Jong Won, Kwag, Young-Nam, Sung, Gi-Ho, Han, Jae-Gu, Shrestha, Bhushan, Oh, Soon-Ok, Kim, Sang-Yong, Shin, Chang-Ho & Han, Sang-Kuk, 2016, Two new Lycoperdon species collected from Korea: L. albiperidium and L. subperlatum spp. nov., Phytotaxa 260 (2), pp. 101-115 : 109-110

Lycoperdon albiperidium C.S. Kim , sp. nov., Fig. 4

MycoBank:—MB 814888

Diagnosis:—This species has a well-developed pseudostipe; numerous rhizomorphs attached to substrate; exoperidium verrucae with smallish spines, entirely white to grayish when young, becoming grayish yellow to pale yellow when old; basidiospores globose to subglobose, very faintly ornamented to faintly verrucose; fragile eucapillitial threads with abundant pores. It is similar to L. ericaeum but clearly distinguished by ITS, RPB2, and TEF1 sequences.

Etymology:—Referring to the white (= album) peridium before it is fully mature.

Holotype:— KOREA. Chungnam Province, Geumsan-gun, Jewon-myeon, Mt. Jinak , coll. Han et al., 25 September 2012 (KA12-1551), deposited in KH.

Description:—Basidiomata 20–40 mm diameter, 35–60 mm high, pyriform to turbinate, pseudostipitate well-developed, occasionally plicate at pseudostipe, numerous rhizomorphs attached to substrate. Exoperidium verrucae with smallish spines (less than 0.5 mm), entirely white to grayish when young, becoming grayish yellow to pale yellow when old. Endoperidium yellowish brown to brown, papery. Gleba grayish brown to dark brown at maturity, pulverulent. Subgleba grayish yellow to violaceous gray. Solitary to gregarious.

Basidiospores 3.7–4.2 × 3.6–4.1 μm, length/width ratio 1.0–1.1 (n = 30), globose to subglobose, very faintly ornamented to faintly verrucose (A–B in the sense of Demoulin 1972a, b), short pedicel present (<1.6 μm long), pale yellow in 3% KOH. Basidia not observed. Capillitium of Lycoperdon - type; eucapillitial threads 3.0–5.4 μm diam., thick-walled (up to 1.3 μm), fragile to subelastic, aseptate, straight to subundulate, occasional dichotomous branching, abundant pores present, yellow to pale brownish in 3% KOH; paracapillitial threads present, 3.0–4.2 μm diam., thin-walled, straight to subundulate, septate, hyaline in 3% KOH. Exoperidium composed of sphaerocysts, 16–27 μm diam., thick-walled (up to 2.6 μm thick), hyaline to pale yellow in 3% KOH. Endoperidium composed of tightly interwoven hyphal elements, containing inflated elements resembling sphaerocysts with reticulate patterns, thin-walled (up to 1.0 μm thick), hyaline in 3% KOH.

Habitat.—On rich humus and mixed conifer-hardwood forests.

Other specimen examined:— KOREA. Chungnam Province, Geumsan-gun, Chubu-myeon, Mt. Seodae, coll. Han et al., 29 August 2012 (KA12-1210), deposited in KH.

Comments:—Specimens of this species were reported as L.spadiceum Pers. (now L.lividum Pers. ) by some amateur mycologists in Korea ( Park & Lee 2011; The Korean Society of Mycology 2013). However, their reported specimens substantially differed from the descriptions of L. lividum by several mycologists ( Table 2; Breitenbach & Kranzlin 1986; Bates 2004; Bates et al. 2009; Cortez et al. 2013). Lycoperdon lividum is characterized by small basidiomata (ca. 10–30 mm; subpyriform to obpyriform); a furfuraceous exoperidium often appearing as mealy squamules; and a scanty sterile base. However, Lycoperdon albiperidium is bigger than L. lividum , and has a well-developed plicate pseudostipe. In addition, they are clearly distinguished by ITS sequences ( Fig. 1 ). Phylogenetically, L. albiperidium is closely related to L. ericaeum , but they are morphologically distinguishable, especially by the basidiocarp shape, eucapillitial thread diameter, and size of basidiospores ( Table 2). In addition, the records of L. ericaeum are from dry grasslands on acidic soil, but L. albiperidium is collected from on rich humus and mixed conifer-hardwood forests.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus topology based on ITS sequence data. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) and 1000 bootstrap replicates in MP analysis (MPBS) are indicated as PP/MPBS above or below branches. Broad black branches indicate PP>0.95 and MPBS>60%. Broad gray branches indicate 0.89<PP<0.95 and MPBS>50%.

FIGURE 4. Fruiting bodies and microscopic observation of Lycoperdon albiperidium. a–c. Fruiting bodies of KA12-1210 (a) and KA12- 1551 (b, c). d. Eucapillitial threads (KA12-1551) in CL. e. Paracapillitial threads (KA12-1551) in 3% KOH. f. Eucapillitial threads (KA12-1551) in 3% KOH. g. Exoperidial elements (KA12-1551) in 3% KOH. h. Inflated elements in endoperidium (KA12-1551) in 3% KOH. i. Basidiospores in CL (KA12-1551). Scale bars: a–c = 3 cm, d–i = 10 μm. Photos by C.S. Kim & S-.K. Han.