Sididae Baird, 1850

Xiang, Xian-Fen, Ji, Gao-Hua, Chen, Shou-Zhong, Yu, Gong-Liang, Xu, Lei, Han, Bo-Ping, Kotov, Alexey A. & Dumont, Henri J., 2015, Annotated Checklist of Chinese Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda). Part I. Haplopoda, Ctenopoda, Onychopoda and Anomopoda (families Daphniidae, Moinidae, Bosminidae, Ilyocryptidae), Zootaxa 3904 (1), pp. 1-27 : 6-8

Family Sididae Baird, 1850

Sida crystallina (O. F. Müller, 1776) . Records: Uéno, 1932: 244 (a pond at the suburb of Chongqing); Uéno, 1937: 199 (a pool at Nen Jiang; a pond in Changchun, swamps in the Ussuri district, Yüeh-pien-pao and Hei-chü-tzu); Uéno, 1938b: 22 (widely distributed in Northeast China); Uéno, 1938d: 167 (rice fields in Taiwan); Uéno, 1940a: 323 (a pond in Baicheng, Jilin Province); Mashiko, 1951a: 27 (Hankou); Mashiko, 1951b: 137 (Hankou); Mashiko, 1953: 50 (small pools in Wuhan; Henan Province); Chiang, 1955: 98 /I: 1 (Wuli Hu); Ye, 1956: 45 /I (Dongqian Hu); Du & Lai, 1958: 31 (Tai Hu); Du & Lai, 1959: 305 (Tai Hu); Huang et al., 1959: 92 (Baiyang Dian in Hebei Province); You, 1962: 113 (a pond at Changle in Fujian Province); Chiang, 1964: 73 –74/3–4 (a ditch in Tieganli; the litoral zone of Eerqisi He in Buerjin; the estuary of Kaidu He; the littoral zone of Bosten Hu); Shen & Zhang, 1964: 129 (Baiyang Dian); Chiang & Du, 1979: 83 –85/55 (Wuli Hu; Bosten Hu); Chen, 1990b: 86 (the estuary of Tuo Jiang); Dai & Cai, 1999: 22 (Yunjinghong and Menghai in Xishuangbanna); Xiang & Yu (unpubl. data: Yibin, Jingzhou, Jianli, Chenglingji, Honghu, Jiayu, Wuhan and Jiujiang sections of Yangtze River; rivers of Min Jiang, Tuo Jiang, Jialing Jiang, Xiang Xi, Gan Jiang; Lushui Reservoir; Bao’an Hu, Dong Hu in Wuhan, Hong Hu, Dian Chi, Tai Hu, Biandan Tang, Qiandao Hu, Wuli Hu, Dongqian Hu). Historically, this was the third cladoceran taxon to be cited from China ( Poppe & Richard 1890: Shanghai). However, some of the records summed up above could refer to S. ortiva . The figures and descriptions of Du (1973) and Chiang & Du (1979) have insufficient resolution for allocating the illustrated specimens to S. crystallina or S. ortiva .

Sida ortiva Korovchinsky, 1979 . Records: Korovchinsky, 2004: 253 (whole of East Asia). Korovchinsky (1979, 1992) subdivided Sida crystallina into three subspecies. Genetical distances between them are large ( Cox & Hebert 2001; Kotov & Taylor, unpubl.), so S. crystallina , S. ortiva and S. americana should be regarded as separate species. Some Chinese populations (i.e. from Inner Mongolia) belong to S. crystallina ( Korovchinsky 2004) . The ranges of the two taxa in China need a better evaluation. Perhaps they occur sympatrically, like in South Korea (Kotov et al. 2012).

Limnosida frontosa Sars, 1862 . Records: Chiang, 1977: 286 (Jingpo Hu in Heilongjiang Province); Chiang & Du, 1979: 85 –86/56 (Jingpo Hu); Korovchinsky, 2004: 194 (Xingkai Hu; Heilong Jiang (the Amur River); Jingpo Hu); Korovchinsky, 2014: 62 (Jingpo Hu).

Diaphanosoma brachyurum (Liévin, 1848) s. lat. Records: Ping, 1931 (Nanjing); Uéno, 1932: 236 (Xi Hu in Hangzhou; a small pond at the suburb of Chongqing); Uéno, 1937: 200/1 (Nen Jiang at Qiqihar; Nen Jiang north Qiqihar; a small pond in Changchun; ponds and reservoirs in and environs of Dalian and Ryojun (namely Lüshun in Liaoning Province); Xingkai Hu); Uéno, 1938b: 22/1–2 (widely distributed in Northeast China); Uéno, 1938d: 165 (high mountain lakelets and lowland in north Taiwan, e.g. Lake Zitugetu-tan=Sun moon Lake and Sango-tan near Tainan); Uéno, 1938e: 3 (Hulun Hu, viz Dalai Nor); Uéno, 1940a: 332/1–5 (a pond at Shalong Park, Qiqihar; a pond in Baicheng; Jingyue Tan and Nan Hu in Changchun; Xinzhan pao; a pond near Changzhao in Shenyang; a pond at Mudan Park in Mudanjiang; a pool northwest of Dalian; a pool west of Dalian; Wudalianchi); Mashiko, 1951a: 27 (Hankou), 28 (Kantang Hu and Nanmen Hu in Jiujiang); Mashiko, 1951b: 137 (Hankou, Jiujiang; Dongting Hu); Mashiko, 1953: 50 (small waters in Wuhan and Yueyang; Nanmen Hu and Kantang Hu); Chiang, 1955: 98/I: 2 (Wuli Hu); Du & Lai, 1958: 32/III: 3, 3a (Tai Hu); Du & Lai, 1959: 305 (Tai Hu); You, 1962: 113 (Fuzhou, Minhou, Changle, Lianjiang, Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Zhangpu in Fujian Province); Deng et al., 1963: 142/I: 1–2 (Poyang Hu); Chiang, 1964: 73 (Kongque He in Weili; ditches in Tieganli; Kaidu He in Yanqi; Bosten Hu); Shen & Zhang, 1964: 129 (Baiyang Dian); Chiang & Du, 1979: 87–88/57 (a ditch in Wuxi; Dong Hu in Wuhan; widely distributed in China); Chen, 1983: 22 (Yichang section of Yangtze River); Chen, 1985b: 2 (Yichang); Chen et al., 1989: 416 (Yanhe, Songtao, Tongzi, Yinjiang and Duyun in Guizhou Province); Chen, 1990b: 86 (the estuary of Tuo Jiang); Dai & Cai, 1999: 22 (Mengna in Xishuangbanna); Xiang & Yu (unpubl. data: from Yibin to Nantong section of Yangtze River; Yalong Jiang, Min Jiang, Tuo Jiang, Chishui He, Jialing Jiang, Xiangxi He, Huangbai He, Qing Jiang, Dongjing He, Han Jiang, Yuan Shui and Gan Jiang; Lushui Reservoir; Bao’an Hu, Dong Hu in Wuhan, Hong Hu, Poyang Hu, Dian Chi, Tai Hu, Biandan Tang, Wuli Hu, Qiandao Hu and Dongqian Hu); as Diaphanosoma perarmatum Brehm, 1933 , by Brehm, 1933: 652/1, LXXVII: 3–5 (a small pool in Tibet); Chiang, 1977: 286 (a pond behind the Potala); cited by Chiang & Du, 1979: 88–89/58; Chen, 1985a (Zhongdian, Ninglang in Yunnan Province; Mianning in Sichuan Province); Chen & Hu, 1988: 32 (Daerxun Hu in Bohu County, Xinjiang). Korovchinsky (1992) stated that D. perarmatum was of the D. brachyurum group. Many records under this name across China are suspect and should be included in biogeographical analysis with great care only. They may refer to any of at least seven other species, with D. mongolianum , D. dubium and D. amurensis the most prominent. Most populations of ‘ D. brachyurum ’ recorded from the Heilong Jiang basin definitely belong to D. amurensis Korovchinsky & Sheveleva, 2009 (Kotov et al. 2011) .

Diaphanosoma chankensis Uéno, 1939 . Records: Uéno, 1939: 221/1–3 (Xingkai Hu); Uéno, 1940a: 332/9–12 (Xingkai Hu); Uéno, 1940b: 552 (Xingkai Hu); cited by Chiang & Du, 1979: 89–90/59. Originally believed to be endemic to Xingkai Hu, later found in several other lakes in the lower Yangtze valley ( Korovchinsky 1998a). In addition, Xiang & Yu has unpublished data from Bao’an Hu and Longhu Pao.

Diaphanosoma dubium Manuilova, 1964 . Records: Korovchinsky (1992) found that D. leuchtenbergianum in China is identical to D. dubium . Zhang & Yi, 1945: 2 (Dian Chi); Mashiko, 1953: 50 (small waters in Wuchang); Ye, 1956: 46/I: 3, 3a (Dongqian Hu); Chiang, 1956: 308 (small waters in Wuchang); Zheng, 1957: 22/1 (Nanjing); Du & Lai, 1958: 32/4, 4a (Tai Hu); Shen & Sung, 1962: 32 (Sanmenxia Reservior); You, 1962: 113 (Fuzhou, Minhou, Changle, Xiamen and Zhangpu in Fujian Province); Wei, 1963: 122 (Hangzhou); Shen & Zhang, 1964: 129 (Baiyang Dian); Chiang & Du, 1979: 90–91/60 (Cui Hu at Kunming; lily ponds at Sichuan University campus; widely distributed in China); Chen, 1983: 22 (Yibin, Wanxian and Yichang section of Yangtze River); Chen, 1985b: 2 (Yichang); Chen & Hu, 1988: 32 (Xinjiang); Li et al. (2011) recorded D. dubium in reservoirs in Hainan Province. A record of D. birgei from Liuxihe Reservoir in Guangdong Province by Lin et al. (2003) is now regarded by its author (Lin, personal commun.) as D. dubium . D. dubium may be confused with Diaphanosoma modigliani Richard, 1894 , Diaphanosoma pseudodubium Korovchinsky, 2000 and Diaphanosoma tropicum Korovchinsky, 1998 ( Korovchinsky 1998b, 2000), and the latter taxa has also been recorded from China (see below). D. dubium is common in lakes; a revision of the Chinese populations of this taxon is desirable.

Diaphanosoma dumonti Korovchinsky, 1996 . Record: Korovchinsky, 1996: 27 –32/1–14 (Xi’an Hai, near Xi’an, Shaanxi Province). Not seen again since its description.

Diaphanosoma excisum Sars, 1885 . Records: Spandl, 1925: 185 (Zhaoqing in Guangdong Province); Chiang & Du, 1979: 96–97/65 (a pond at Yunjinghong in Xishuangbanna); Dai & Cai, 1999: 22 (Yunjinghong in Xishuangbanna); Xiang & Yu (unpubl. data: Jiayu section of Yangtze River; Xiang Xi; Dong Hu in Wuhan; Hong Hu); under Diaphanosoma paucispinosum Brehm, 1933 by Uéno, 1935b: 294/2A–E ( Taiwan); Uéno, 1938d: 166 (lowland of southern half of Taiwan); Chiang & Du, 1979: 95/64 (small waters at Jiedaokou in Wuhan; pools near a hall in Sichuan University; provinces of Guangdong, Taiwan, Jiangsu, Hubei and Sichuan); Zhang & Chen, 1996b: 22 (Lai’an and Chuzhou in Anhui Province). Korovchinsky (1992) synonymized it with D. excisum , a tropical species (type locality Rockhampton, Qld, Australia). Most of these citations are suspect, yet records from south China are credible and have been confirmed by DNA sequences (COI and ITS) (Chen 2011).

Diaphanosoma macrophthalma Korovchinsky & Mirabdullaev, 1995 . Records: Korovchinsky & Mirabdullaev, 1995: 235/1–22 (a reservoir at Lanpin in Hubei Province). Common in the Star Lake, Guangdong Province (F. Guo, 2013, unpubl. record).

Diaphanosoma mongolianum Uéno, 1938 . Records: Uéno, 1938e: 2 /1–4 (Hulun Hu); Uéno, 1940a: 323 (Hulun Hu); Uéno, 1940b: 552 (Hulun Hu); cited by Chiang & Du, 1979: 93 –94/62; Korovchinsky, 1987: (Hulun Hu); Chen & Hu, 1988: 31 /1–3 (Chaiwopu Hu in Urumuchi; Mogu Hu in Manas; Baitukeng Reservoir in Hutubi County; Xikeer Reservoir in Jiashi County; Yingerlike Reservoir in Moyu County, all in Xinjiang).

Diaphanosoma orghidani transamurensis Korovchinsky, 1986 . Records: range from the Amur River to Bangladesh ( Korovchinsky 1986, 2004). Korovchinsky, 2000 (Xingkai Hu); Lin, 2007 (Liuxihe Reservoir). Quite a few identifications under brachyurum in the older literatures may be this species. In southern China, it definitely Diaphanosoma sarsi Richard, 1894 . Records: Uéno, 1932: 244/4 (a pond at suburb of Chongqing); Uéno, 1938d: 166 (lowland of southern half of Taiwan); Uéno, 1940a: 332/ 6–8 (a pool in Xinjing, viz Changchun); Chiang, 1955: 98/I: 3, 3a–b (Wuli Hu); Ye, 1956: 47/I: 4 (Dongqian Hu); Du & Lai, 1958: 31/ I: 1a–c (Tai Hu); Du & Lai, 1959: 305 (Tai Hu); Deng et al., 1963: 15/2 (1–2) (Poyang Hu); Shen & Zhang, 1964: 129 (Baiyang Dian); Chiang & Du, 1979: 94–95/63 (provinces of Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan, Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin and Yunnan); Chen, 1985b: 2 (Yichang section of Yangtze River); Chen, 1983: 22 (Wanxian and Yichang section of Yangtze River); Chen et al., 1989: 416 (Yanhe in Guizhou Province); Xiang & Yu (unpubl. data: Wanzhou, Yichang and Jiayu section of Yangtze River; Tuo Jiang, Xiang Xi, Huangbai He; Bao’an Hu, Dong Hu in Wuhan, Hong Hu, Poyang Hu, Tai Hu, Wuli Hu). Confusion with D. macrophthalma is possible. There is, at present, no molecular confirmation of the presence of D. sarsi in China.

Diaphanosoma tropicum Korovchinsky, 1998 . Records: Korovchinsky, 1998: 114 (Hubei Province); Xiang & Yu (unpubl. data: small lakes in Hubei, Hunan and Jiangsu Province).

Diaphanosoma volzi (Stingelin, 1905) . Cited as Diaphanosoma aspinosum by Chiang, 1956: 309–312/I: 1–4, II: 7–9 (a lily pond at Donghu Park in Wuchang); cited by Chiang & Du, 1979: 91–92/61. Korovchinsky (1992) established D. aspinosum as a synonym of D. volzi Stingelin, 1905 . Paggi and Da Rocha (1999) created Neodiaphanosoma for two species, including N. volzi , but Korovchinsky (2004) criticized this point of view.

Latonopsis australis Sars, 1888 . Records: Uéno, 1944: 405 /1a–g (Hangzhou); Mashiko, 1953: 52 /1 a–e (small waters in Wuhan; a small weedy pool near the hot spring at Puqi); Ye, 1956: 46 /I: a (Dongqian Hu); Shen & Sung, 1962: 32 (Sanmenxia Reservior); Shen & Zhang, 1964: 129 (Baiyang Dian); Shen et al., 1966: 29 (Xishuangbanna); Chiang & Du, 1979: 97 –98/66A–B (Dong Hu in Wuhanhu); Zhang et al., 1994: 178 (Ruichang and Boyang in Jiangxi Province); Zhang & Chen, 1996b: 22 (Fanchang, Guichi and Anqing in Anhui Province); Dai & Cai, 1999: 22 (Yunjinghong in Xishuangbanna); Xiang & Yu (unpubl. data: Dong Hu in Wuhan; Hong Hu, Dongqian Hu).

Pseudosida szalayi Daday, 1898 . Records: as Pseudosida bidentata Herrick, 1884 by Shen et al., 1966: 31/1 (Xishuangbanna); Chiang & Du, 1979: 99–100/67 (Chaye pond at Jiedaokou in Wuchang; Yunjinghong, Xishuangbanna; a small pool at the campus of Sichuan University; provinces of Guangxi, Hubei, Sichuan and Yunnan); Zhang et al., 1994: 178 (Ruichang in Jiangxi Province); Zhang & Chen, 1996b: 22 (Dongzhi in Anhui Province); Zhang et al., 1997: 90 (Jieyang and Xuwen in Guangdong Province); Dai & Cai, 1999: 22 (Yunjinghong in Xishuangbanna); Xiang, 2009: 58/8 (Dongqian Hu); Korovchinsky, 2010: 2-3 (Xiangvan=Xiangwan City in Yunnan Province; South Lake in Guangxi; a fish pond and a lotus pond in Jijiang Co., Guandong Province, and the Amur River, border between China and Russia). Korovchinsky (1992) claimed that Chinese ‘ P. bidentata ’ is in reality P. szalayi , having a dorsal outgrowth near the base of the terminal claw, absent in P. bidentata . This taxon is widely distributed in the east Palaearctic, reaching the Amur basin in the North ( Korovchinsky 2010).

Penilia avirostris Dana, 1849 . Records: first recorded as Penilia orientalis by Poppe, 1888: ( Hongkong); and Richard (1895) recorded it as Penilia schmackeri . Cheng & Chen, 1966: 169 (coastal area of China, from the Bohai Sea to the Nanhai Sea); Cheng & Cao, 1985: 734 (coastal area of China, from the Bohai to the Nanhai Sea); Xu et al., 2006: 637 (Donghai Sea).