Scaphoideus

Viraktamath, C. A. & Mohan, G. S., 2004, A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent, Zootaxa 578, pp. 1-48 : 5-9

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.169102
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6272817
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878D-FFDE-ED19-5201-D3D2A22057E1
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Scaphoideus
status

Treatment

Key to species of Scaphoideus View in CoL of the Indian subcontinent

( S. consanguineus Distant and S. rathani Ghosh are not included in the key; see text for explanation.)

1 Vertex of head with an almost solid unbroken transverse black fascia across eyes ( Fig. 53 View FIGURES 46 – 63 , Distant 1918) ................................................................................ baeticus (Distant) View in CoL

Coloration of vertex variable but not as above, if the transverse fascia is black, it is broken into a number of connected longitudinal spindleshaped stripes ( Fig. 1 View FIGURES 1 – 9 ) ......... 2

2 Vertex with a series of four to six longitudinal spindleshaped brown stripes ( Fig.1 View FIGURES 1 – 9 ).. 3

Markings on vertex not as above .................................................................................. 4

3 Hind margin of female seventh sternum sinuate with a concave median area ( Fig. 197 View FIGURES 193 – 205 ); vertex of head with elongate spindleshaped stripes; male with apophysis of style exceeding subgenital plate ( Fig. 194 View FIGURES 193 – 205 ); aedeagus with an apical and a subapical pair of long processes ( Fig. 195 View FIGURES 193 – 205 ) ( India: Sikkim) ......................... stigmaticus Distant View in CoL

Hind margin of female seventh sternum concave with a median notched lobe ( Fig. 9 View FIGURES 1 – 9 ); vertex with short spindleshaped stripes ( Fig. 1 View FIGURES 1 – 9 ); apophysis of style not exceeding subgenital plate; aedeagus with a pair of apical short processes ( Fig. 7, 8 View FIGURES 1 – 9 ) ( India: Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal) ...................................................................... assamensis Distant View in CoL

4 Male subgenital plate deeply bilobed ( Fig. 56 View FIGURES 46 – 63 ) or with a notch on mesal margin before apex ( Fig. 82 View FIGURES 81 – 96 ); apophysis of style slender, about half as long as total length or longer 5

Male subgenital plate not bilobed or with a notch on mesal margin before apex; apophysis of style stout, usually less than half as long as its length ................................. 7

5 Male subgenital plate deeply bilobed ( Fig. 56 View FIGURES 46 – 63 ); paraphyses separate from base, symmetrical, of equal length; aedeagus not Sshaped ( Figs 62 View FIGURES 46 – 63 ) ........................................ 6

Subgenital plate with a notch on mesal margin before apex ( Fig. 82 View FIGURES 81 – 96 ); paraphysis slen der, fused for proximal 0.75 length then separated, unequal in length ( Fig. 85 View FIGURES 81 – 96 ); aedeagus Sshaped ( Fig. 86 View FIGURES 81 – 96 ) ( India: Karnataka) ........................................ inequalis View in CoL sp. nov.

6 Male pygophore with a ventral process ( Fig. 63 View FIGURES 46 – 63 ); face ochraceous with dark brown bands or markings ( India: Kerala, Tamil Nadu; Sri Lanka) ..... S. elegantulus View in CoL Melichar

Male pygophore without a ventral process ( Fig. 99 View FIGURES 97 – 117 ); face chocolate brown ( India: Karnataka)................................................................................................... jogensis View in CoL sp. nov.

7 Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum with a median longitudinal yellowish or whitish broad stripe extending onto folded front wings, overlain on it with one or two narrower orange or red longitudinal stripes ( Figs 28 View FIGURES 28 – 45 , 88 View FIGURES 81 – 96 ) ................................................ 8

Vertex with a transverse band between eyes sometimes indistinct, red, orange, black or brown; no longitudinal stripe extending from head to front wings ( Figs 10 View FIGURES 10 – 27 , 64 View FIGURES 64 – 80 , 151 View FIGURES 145 – 159 , 176 View FIGURES 160 – 185 ); pronotum either with two transverse red or brown bands or with a series of 5–7 longitudinal short stripes ........................................................................................... 11

8 Paraphyses fused at their proximal 0.66 ( Fig. 93 View FIGURES 81 – 96 ); large stout species measuring over 6.00 mm in length ( India: Tamil Nadu) ............................................. insignis (Distant) View in CoL

Paraphyses separate for most of their length; aedeagal process when present apical; smaller species not exceeding 4.50 mm ....................................................................... 9

9 Aedeagal shaft with a pair of short processes at midlength ( Figs 36, 37 View FIGURES 28 – 45 ); paraphyses diverging right from proximal end, more or less of uniform width in their proximal 0.8 length then tapered, dorsal margin of male pygophore bilobed ( Fig. 34 View FIGURES 28 – 45 ) ( India: Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal)............................................................................ bifidus View in CoL sp. nov.

Aedeagal shaft with apical processes; paraphyses either not divergent ( Fig.108 View FIGURES 97 – 117 ) or divergent beyond basal 0.5 length, uneven in width ( Fig. 113 View FIGURES 97 – 117 ); dorsal margin of male pygophore entire......................................................................................................... 10

10 Paraphyses closely oppressed over their entire length ( Fig. 108 View FIGURES 97 – 117 ); female seventh sternum straight, with a median concavity ( India: Himachal Pradesh) ............................... ........................................................................................ katraini Rao & Ramakrishnan View in CoL

Paraphyses divergent in their distal half ( Fig. 113 View FIGURES 97 – 117 ); hind margin of female seventh sternum broadly produced medially ( Fig. 116 View FIGURES 97 – 117 ) ( India: Karnataka, Kerala) .... kirti View in CoL sp. nov.

11 Paraphyses with spicules ( Figs 174, 182 View FIGURES 160 – 185 ) ……………………..……………………. 12

Paraphyses smooth, without spicules ………………………….…………………… 13

12 Aedeagal shaft with a pair of basal processes extending entire length of shaft ( Fig.183, 184 View FIGURES 160 – 185 ) ( India: Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu) ....................................... sculptus View in CoL sp. nov.

Aedeagal shaft without basal processes but dorsal apodeme with a hooked process ( Fig. 187 View FIGURES 186 – 192 ) ( Sri Lanka) ...................................................................... sculptellus View in CoL sp. nov.

13 Vertex with an apical round black spot; transverse band across eyes black and dark brown ( Fig. 151 View FIGURES 145 – 159 ); aedeagus slender, tubular, strongly curved with welldeveloped dorsal apodeme ( Fig. 157 View FIGURES 145 – 159 ) ( India: Mizoram, West Bengal; Myanmar) ........ russus View in CoL Distant

Vertex without round black apical spot, transverse band across eyes brown, red or orange ( Figs 64 View FIGURES 64 – 80 , 160 View FIGURES 160 – 185 ); aedeagus short and stout (Fig. 72,136) ................................... 14

14 Paraphyses forming a “horseshoe” ( Fig. 134 View FIGURES 131 – 144 ); pronotum and scutellum with longitudinal brown stripes ..................................................................................................... 15

Paraphyses elongate, may be twisted at apex but not horseshoe shaped, pronotum with transverse stripes some times indistict ............................................................... 16

15 Paraphyses bluntly pointed at apex ( Fig. 134 View FIGURES 131 – 144 ) ( India: Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal; Sri Lanka; Thailand) ........................................................... morosus Melichar View in CoL

Paraphyses sharply pointed at apex ( India, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines) ................. ................................................................................... harlani View in CoL Kitbamroong and Freytag

16 Subgenital plate with numerous long hairlike setae, their length as long as or longer than subgenital plate ( Fig. 67 View FIGURES 64 – 80 ); paraphyses fused at their basal half ( Fig. 69 View FIGURES 64 – 80 ) ( India: West Bengal) ....................................................................................... hirsutus View in CoL sp. nov.

Subgenital plate with shorter, fewer hairlike setae, their length 0.2 to 0.1 as long as subgenital plate; paraphyses not as above .................................................................. 17

17 Male pygophore with proximal spinelike process on dorsal margin ( Fig.176 View FIGURES 160 – 185 ) ......... 18

Male pygophore without a proximal spinelike process on dorsal margin .................. 20

18. Male pygophore with dorsal spine strongly curved mesoventrally ( Pakistan) .............. ....................................................................... karachiensis Ahmed, Murthaza & Malik View in CoL

Male pygophore with dorsal spine straight, directed caudally.................................... 19

19. Male pygophore with dorsal spine short, not more than 0.2 as long as pygophore lobe, caudoventral angle angularly produced ( Fig.164 View FIGURES 160 – 185 ); paraphyses divergent caudally ( Fig167 View FIGURES 160 – 185 ); aedeagal shaft shorter and stouter, of uniform width in lateral aspect for its

0.75 length ( Fig. 168 View FIGURES 160 – 185 ) ( India: Karnataka, Maharashtra) ................................................ ............................................................................... sabourensis Rao and Ramakrishnan View in CoL Male pygophore with dorsal spine long, more than 0.5 as long as pygophore lobe, caudoventral angle produced ventrally into a spine ( Fig. 218 View FIGURES 218 – 227 ); paraphyses convergent caudally ( Fig. 223 View FIGURES 218 – 227 ); aedeagal shaft longer, gradually narrowed distally ( Fig. 224 View FIGURES 218 – 227 ) ( India: Meghalaya, West Bengal) ............................................................ zhangi View in CoL sp. nov.

20. Head, thorax and proximal 0.33 of fore wings chocolate brown contrasted with ochraceous rest of body; paraphyses slender, needlelike ( Figs 24 View FIGURES 10 – 27 , 210 View FIGURES 206 – 217 ) ............................ 21

Coloration of head, thorax and abdomen not as above; paraphyses stout, not needle like ..................................................................................................................................... 22

21. Aedeagus rather Sshaped, shaft without processes ( Figs 211, 212 View FIGURES 206 – 217 ) ( Myanmar: Bhamo) .................................................................................................................. varna View in CoL sp. nov.

Aedeagus not Sshaped, shaft with a pair of apical processes ( Figs 25, 26 View FIGURES 10 – 27 ) ( India: Karnataka) ........................................................................................... bicoloratus View in CoL sp. nov.

22. Aedeagal shaft with shorter or longer processes ( Figs 149 View FIGURES 145 – 159 , 215, 216 View FIGURES 206 – 217 ) ...................... 23

Aedeagal shaft without processes, may be keeled ..................................................... 27

23. Paraphyses parallel to each other, acutely pointed at apex; at 0.33 from apex expanded into a small triangular area ( Fig.151 View FIGURES 145 – 159 ); aedeagus with apical pair of spinelike processes ( Figs 149, 150 View FIGURES 145 – 159 ) ( Sri Lanka) .............................................................. ornatus Melichar View in CoL

Paraphyses not as above, aedeagus either with two or four processes........................ 24

24. Aedeagal shaft with a pair of apical and a subapical pair of processes ( Figs 215, 216 View FIGURES 206 – 217 ); paraphyses strongly sinuate ( Fig. 214 View FIGURES 206 – 217 ) ( Myanmar: Bhamo) ................ vaticus View in CoL sp. nov.

Aedeagal shaft with subapical pair of processes ( Figs 19 View FIGURES 10 – 27 , 79 View FIGURES 64 – 80 , 205 View FIGURES 193 – 205 ); paraphyses not strongly sinuate ( Figs16 View FIGURES 10 – 27 , 77 View FIGURES 64 – 80 , 202 View FIGURES 193 – 205 ) ............................................................................. 25

25. Paraphyses strongly divergent beyond basal 0.33 ( Fig. 77 View FIGURES 64 – 80 ); aedeagal shaft with a pair of strong dorsal keel, each with a recurved process ( Fig. 79 View FIGURES 64 – 80 ) ( India: Tamil Nadu) ....... ........................................................................................ illustris Rao and Emiliyamma View in CoL

Paraphyses either convergent or strongly asymmetrically curved ( Fig. 16 View FIGURES 10 – 27 , 202 View FIGURES 193 – 205 ); aedeagus without keels ....................................................................................................... 26

26. Aedeagal shaft in caudal view appearing trilobed ( Fig. 205 View FIGURES 193 – 205 ); paraphyses symmetrical, each shaft of even width except near apex ( Fig. 202 View FIGURES 193 – 205 ) ( Myanmar: Kambaiti) ................ ........................................................................................................... trilobatus View in CoL sp. nov.

Aedeagal shaft with a pair of lateral process at midlength ( Fig.19 View FIGURES 10 – 27 ); paraphyses strongly asymmetrical ( Fig. 16 View FIGURES 10 – 27 ) ( India: Karnataka) ................... asymmetricus View in CoL sp. nov.

27. Paraphyses widely separated at base, each shaft slightly to strongly twisted at apical 0.25–0.33 ( Fig 43 View FIGURES 28 – 45 , 50 View FIGURES 46 – 63 ) ............................................................................................... 28

Paraphyses close together at base, not twisted ( Figs 121, 127 View FIGURES 118 – 130 , 189 View FIGURES 186 – 192 ) ......................... 29

28. Aedeagal shaft slender in lateral aspect, constricted at midlength in caudal aspect ( Figs 44, 45 View FIGURES 28 – 45 ); each shaft of paraphyses strongly twisted at apical 0.25 ( Fig. 43 View FIGURES 28 – 45 ) ( India: Meghalaya) ............................................................................................. coloratus Rao View in CoL

Aedeagal shaft stout in lateral aspect, gradually narrowed distally in caudal aspect ( Figs 52, 53 View FIGURES 46 – 63 ); each shaft of paraphyses slightly twisted at apical 0.33 ( Fig. 50 View FIGURES 46 – 63 ) ( India: Tamil Nadu) .................................................................. decoratus View in CoL Rao & Emiliyamma

29. Paraphyses convergent ( Fig.121 View FIGURES 118 – 130 ); aedeagal shaft in lateral aspect rather fusiform ( Fig. 123 View FIGURES 118 – 130 ) ( Myanmar: Nam Tama Valley) ................................................ lamellaris View in CoL sp. nov.

Paraphyses divergent ( Figs 127 View FIGURES 118 – 130 , 189 View FIGURES 186 – 192 ); aedeagal shaft not fusiform in lateral aspect ( Figs129 View FIGURES 118 – 130 , 191 View FIGURES 186 – 192 ) ............................................................................................................ 30

30. Aedeagal shaft of uniform width in lateral aspect ( Fig.191 View FIGURES 186 – 192 ); paraphyses straight, not curved in lateral aspect ( Fig. 190 View FIGURES 186 – 192 ) ( Myanmar: Nam Tama Valley)... spiculatus View in CoL sp. nov.

Aedeagal shaft broadest at base and abruptly narrowed ( Figs 129, 130 View FIGURES 118 – 130 ); paraphyses in lateral aspect curved dorsally in distal half ( Fig.128 View FIGURES 118 – 130 ) ( Myanmar: Kambaiti) ................ .............................................................................................................. malaisei View in CoL sp. nov.