Heterodermia obscurata (Nyl.) Trevis., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital.

Mongkolsuk, Pachara, Meesim, Sanya, Poengsungnoen, Vasun, Buaruang, Kawinnat, Schumm, Felix & Kalb, Klaus, 2015, The lichen family Physciaceae in Thailand-II. Contributions to the genus Heterodermia sensu lato, Phytotaxa 235 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

2. Heterodermia obscurata (Nyl.) Trevis., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 1: 114 (1869). ( Figs. 13C, 13D )

Physcia speciosa (Wulfen) Nyl. *obscurata Nyl., Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 7: 440 (1863). Type:— COLOMBIA, s. loc., alt. 2900 m, Lindig 704; (H-NYL, holotype n.v.); Heterodermia speciosa var. obscurata (Nyl.) Trevis., Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Milano 11: 614 (1869 [1868]); Anaptychia obscurata (Nyl.) Vain., Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 7(1): 137 (1890).

For further synonymy, see Kurokawa (1962).

Thallus foliose, orbicular to irregularly spreading, loosely adnate, to 5 cm wide, but often coalescing to form colonies up to 15 cm wide. Lobes 0.7–2.0 mm wide, c. 2–4 mm wide at the tips, plane to convex, sublinear-elongate, irregularly branched, radiating; apices not ascending, contiguous to discrete, with short lateral lobes, eciliate. Upper surface gray-white to greenish white, ±partly blackened in the centre, sorediate; soredia farinose to granular, in labriform to capitate soralia at the apices of lateral and terminal lobes, rarely spreading along lobe margins. Medulla white; lower medulla dark yellow to orange-brown. Lower surface ecorticate, with a

THE LICHEN FAMILY PHYSCIACEAE IN THAILAND —II

Phytotaxa 235 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 57 superimposed layer of cotton-woolly hyphae, impregnated by yellow to orange-brown pigments. Marginal rhizines, black, simple or squarrosely branched, 1–2 mm long. Apothecia rare, laminal, sessile to substipitate, 1–5 mm wide; margin initially crenulate, then sorediate; disc concave, dark brown to brown-black, epruinose. Ascospores Polyblastidia - type, ellipsoidal, with 2 or 3 small sporoblastidia, 25–35 × 15–19 µm. Pycnidia common, initially immersed, becoming emergent, visible as black dots; conidia bacilliform, 4–5 × 1 µm.

Chemistry: Cortex K+ yellow, C–, KC–, P+ yellow; medulla K+ yellow, C–, P–; lower surface K+ violet; containing atranorin (major), zeorin (major), 16β-acetoxyhopane-6α,22- diol (major), leucotylin (minor), 7- chloroemodin (minor), flavo-obscurins A, B1, B2 (minor), 5,7-dichloroemodin (trace), AO-1 anthrone (trace), AO- 2 anthrone (trace), emodin (minor).

Nomenclature notes:—In the older literature (e.g. Nylander 1863, Kurokawa 1962, Poelt 1965, Swinscow & Krog 1976) there is some confusion concerning the literature citation, author citation and of special interest for priority matters, the rank of the epithet for this species. Nylander (1863: 440) published Physcia speciosa (Wulf.) Fr. * Ph. obscurata Nyl. However , although Fries 1831: 80 did not make this combination but used the Acharian name Parmelia speciosa (Wulfen) Ach., Lich. univ.: 480 (1810), resp. Meth. lich.: 198 (1803), the incorrect author citation can be corrected to Physcia speciosa (Wulfen) Nyl. * Ph. obscurata Nyl. (Art. 41.3). In all the relevant papers that we checked, the literature for the basionym of Anaptychia obscurata and Heterodermia obscurata is given as Nylander, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 4: 310 (1863 [Nov. 1863 – Feb. 1864]). Unfortunately, the basionym was also published in another, earlier paper with a similar title, Nylander, Act. Soc. Sci. Fennicae 7: 440 (1863 [in early 1863]), which therefore has priority. Nevertheless, the combinations are valid (Art. 41.8a). Concerning asterisked binomials (T. Ahti, in litt. July 2014): They are often misunderstood, e.g. by Zahlbruckner. Normally the asterisk means subspecies if there is no reason to believe otherwise. This is also clearly stated in the Code (Art. 35.2. Ex. 7). Nylander, Vainio, Th. Fries and others in the Nordic countries, as well as Crombie and colleagues in Britain used subspecies extensively. If the results of further molecular studies make it necessary to describe a new genus for the Heterodermia obscurata -group, the correct citation of the basionym is Physcia speciosa (Wulfen) Nyl. subsp. obscurata Nyl., Acta Soc. Sci. Fennicae 7: 440 (1863) and the first name at species rank is Anaptychia obscurata (Nyl.) Vain. (1890) , not Physcia obscurata Nyl. (1863) as is often cited.

Distribution and habitat:—Common on bark of trees ( Cassia bakeriana , Holigarna kurzii , Cinnamomum porrectum and Acer pseudoplatanus are reported), dead wood and on rocks in hill evergreen forest, dry dipterocarp forest, tropical rainforest, lower montane scrub forest, dry evergreen forest, lower montane scrub, lower montane rainforest, mixed deciduous forest and secondary forest from 630 to 2565 m above sea level; also in Europe?, North, Central and South America, Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand.

Remarks: — This lichen is characterized by the sorediate lobe apices, the absence of a lower cortex, the spongiose lower surface with a superimposed layer of cotton-woolly hyphae, impregnated by yellow to orange-brown (K+ violet) anthraquinones and the presence of triterpenes.

Material from Thailand examined:— Nan: Doi Phu Kha, area near the view point Doi Phu Kha , in hill evergreen forest, on bark of Cassia bakeriana , 1470 m, 19°18'13'' N, 101°09'55'' E, 10 May 2006, S . Meesim RU-DK 28, ( RAMK 21791 ); Chiang Mai: Queen Sirikit Botanik Garden , in dry dipterocarp forest, on bark of Holigarna kurzii , 630–730 m, 18°53'46'' N, 98°51'37'' E, 17 January 1995, K . Boonpragob et al. 3935, ( RAMK 13731 ); Doi Suthep-Pui, along tourist trail at the Agricultural centre Ban Doi-Pui , in hill evergreen forest, on bark of unidentified tree, 1413 m, 18°45'04'' N, 98°53'16'' E, 30 April 2005, W . Hongsachart RU-WD 91, ( RAMK 21807 ); along trail from research centre of Suan Song Saeng Kasetsart University to National guard units 1 Pha Dum , in hill evergreen forest, on bark of Cinnamomum porrectum , 1420 m, 18°45'04'' N, 98°53'16'' E, 30 April 2005, W . Hongsachart RU-WD 53, ( RAMK 21654 ); ibid, on bark of unidentified tree, W . Hongsachart RU-WD 68, ( RAMK 21391 ); ibid, W . Hongsachart RU-WD 72, ( RAMK 21805 ); Doi Inthanon National Park, along trail to the peak of Doi Inthanon , km 24, in hill evergreen forest, on bark of unidentified tree, 2565 m, 18°35'22'' N, 98°29'15'' E, 26 October 2005, N . Juntawong RU-NJ 1882, ( RAMK 21795 ); along trail to Siriphum waterfall, in hill evergreen forest, on bark of unidentified tree, 1321 m, 18°32'50'' N, 98°30'56'' E, 9 September 2005, N . Juntawong RU-NJ 423, ( RAMK 21852 ); Loei: Phuluang Wildlife Sanctuary, Forest protection unit office, Lontae , along trail Pa Kob , before exit Tropical forest , in tropical rainforest, on bark of unidentified tree, 1254 m, 17°11'32'' N, 101°33'43'' E, 12 November 2009, S . Meesim & K . Buaruang RU-MSPL 628, ( RAMK 21137 ); Lon Tae substation, in lower montane scrub forest, on bark of Acer pseudoplatanus , 1263 m, 17°14'18'' N, 101°33'19'' E, 12 November 2009, S . Meesim RU-MSPL643, ( RAMK 21142 ); Loei: Phuluang Wildlife Sanctuary, lagoon area, in tropical

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rainforest, on bark of unidentified tree, 923 m, 17°20'35'' N, 101°30'26'' E, 12 January 2009, S. Meesim & K. Buaruan, RU-MS 0174, ( RAMK 20938); Na Haeo National Park, area around Tad Hueng waterfall, in dry evergreen forest, on Schima sp. , 750 m, 17°30'15'' N, 100°56'25'' E, 13 July 1995, P. Mongkolsuk 5544, ( RAMK 21894); Phitsanulok: Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park, area at junction Patcharin, in lower montane scrub, on bark of Acacia auriculiformis , 925 m, 17°00'27'' N, 100°59'36'' E, 4 February 2003, C. Chansuk RU-CS85, ( RAMK 21398); area at air raid shelter, in lower montane rainforest on bark of unidentified tree, 1125 m, 16°59'27'' N, 100°00'45'' E, 6 June 2003, P. Mongkolsuk RU-PM 196, ( RAMK 21802); Kamphaeng Phet: Maewong, along trail Chong Yen, in hill evergreen forest, on bark of unidentified tree, 1340 m, 16°06'03'' N, 99°06'27'' E, 2 May 2006, S. Meesim RU-MW 13, ( RAMK 21794); Ubonratchathani: Pharaem National Park, along trail Pa Dong Natham forest, in dry dipterocarp forest, on bark of unidentified tree, 87 m, 15°32'4'' N, 105°35'58'' E, 27 September 2005, N. Juntawong RU-NJ 998, ( RAMK 21799); Saraburi: Khao Yai National Park, mixed deciduous forest near Check Point no. 17 'Klangdong', on Cerbera odollum , 1055 m, 14°31'3'' N, 101°16'40'' E, 16 January 2000, W. Polyiam RU-16311, ( RAMK 5095); Nakon Ratchasima: Khao Yai National Park, along the trail from 'Mo Singh To' to former restaurant of Tourist Authority of Thailand ( TAT), in secondary forest, on Schima wallichii , 830 m, 14°24'03'' N, 101°21'58'' E, 1 June 2000, W. Polyiam RU-20018, ( RAMK 5097).

Figures

FIGURE 13. A. Heterodermia flabellata (scale 5 mm). B. Heterodermia flabellata, lower side with superimposed cotton-woolly hyphae (scale 1 mm). C. Heterodermia obscurata (scale 5 mm). D. Heterodermia obscurata, lower side with superimposed cotton woolly-hyphae (scale 1 mm).