Caridina togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893

Jasmine Richard & Paul F. Clark, 2009, African Caridina (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae): redescriptions of C. africana Kingsley, 1882, C. togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893, C. natalensis Bouvier, 1925 and C. roubaudi Bouvier, 1925 with descriptions of 14 new species, Zootaxa 1995, pp. 1-75 : 14-22

Caridina togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893

( Figs. 5 , 6 )

Caridina togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893a: 156 ; 1893b: 217; Rathbun, 1900: 314; Bouvier 1905, 74; 1913: 464; Schmitt, 1926: 11–17, figs. 1–62; Woltereck, 1942: 279, fig. 12, 13.

Caridina togoensis var. stuhlmanni Hilgendorf, 1898: 35 ; De Man, 1925: 7–26, fig. 2l; Gauthier, 1927: 127; J. Roux, 1927: 243–244; 1928: 69.

Caridina togoensis Hilg. var. decorsei nov. Bouvier, 1904: 131; 1905: 81, fig. 5; Lenz, 1910: 11; Balss, 1914: 97; De Man, 1925: 7–26, fig. 2.

Caridina togoensis var. breviatus Lenz, 1910: 11 ; De Man, 1925: 7–26, fig. 2.

Caridina togoensis Hilgd. var. Kasaiensis De Man, 1925: 7–26, fig. 2.

Caridina togoensis Hilgd. var. Kwamouthensis De Man, 1925: 7–26, fig. 2.

Caridina togoensis Hilgd. var. Schoutedeni De Man, 1925: 7–26, fig. 2.

Caridina africana Kingsley , forme typica Bouvier, 1925: 213, 214, 470.

Caridina africana var aegyptica Bouvier, 1925: 214 ; Gordon, 1930: 38, fig. 6.

Caridina africana forme togoensis Bouvier, 1925: 214 , fig. 472, J. Roux, 1933: 339–340; 1935b: 23–25.

Caridina africana forme decorsei Bouvier, 1925: 216 , fig. 476.

Caridina africana var stuhlmanni Bouvier, 1925: 217 , fig. 470; J. Roux, 1935a: 241– 248, 1935b: 23–25.

Caridina africana .— Gordon, 1933: 356–358, fig. 4; Barnard, 1950: 661, fig. 123, m, n; Holthuis, 1951: 17–18; Monod, 1968: 1350–1353, figs. 1–4; Magnetti, 1980: 41–46; Hussein & Obuid-Allah, 1990: 71–83, fig. 1–9.

Material examined. Types: Togo Bismarksburg, pres. Buttner, Jan/ Feb.1891, ZMB: 8717, 2♂, 1♀ ovig., 1♀. The ♂ specimen with a rostral formula of (3) 20/8 is selected here as the lectotype; the remaining types are paralectotypes.

Non types: Togo Misahohe, pres. Smend, 9. 3.1903, ZMB: 11132, 1♀ ovig., 1♀.

Ghana Fosu Appiah River near Dwukwa Mfuom village, 15.4.1969, coll. T. C. Rutherford, RMNH D 26099, 23♂, 6♀ ovig., 7♀; Lolobi, Volta Region, ca. 7°12'N 0°30'E, 18. 4.1972, coll. M. S. Hoogmoed, no. 248, RMNH D 28709, 3♂, 6♀ ovig., 9♀; Rubin River near Brong-Ahafo, 7°56'N 2°03'W, in clear running water, 14.3.1997, coll. C. C. H. Jongkind, received 15.5.1997, RMNH D 47772, 1♀; Taïn River near Brong- Ahafo, 7°47'N 2°12'W, in clear running water, 11.3.1997, coll. C. C. H. Jongkind, received 15.5.1997, RMNH D 47775, 81♂, 22♀ ovig., 80♀; Tano River near Brong-Ahafo, 7°32'N 2°57'W, in clear running water, 13.3.1997, coll. C. C. H. Jongkind, received 15.5.1997, RMNH D 47776, 32♂, 4♀ ovig., 8♀; Sonko River near Brong-Ahafo, 7°32'N 1°47'W, in clear running water, 14.3.1997, coll. C. C. H. Jongkind, received 15.5.1997, RMNH D 47780, 66♂, 1♀ ovig., 65♀; small stream near Wenini, Brong-Ahafo, 7°41'N 2°06'W, 2.1997, coll. C. C. H. Jongkind, received 15.5.1997, RMNH D 47781, 1♀. Cote D’Ivoire Vicinity Abengourou; 3.1949, coll. B. Holas, pres. Inst. Franç. Afr. Noire, RMNH D 19459, 4♂, 1♀ ovig., 5♀; Yapo bij Agboville, 10.1946, coll. M. De Keyser, pres. Inst. Frang Afr. Noire, RMNH 19460 1♀ ovig.; Ivory Coast, 1.1989, small stream going through riverforest, bottom with rocks and sand, pH 7, 160–170 ÁS /ampere, turbidity 5–10 JTU, coll. & pres. J. Lahr, RMNH D 39345, 2♂, 1♀ ovig., 2♀; ORSTOM, 1.1977, St. Dim Bokro- N121, 3 Corredo, MNHN Na 6147, 2♂, 9♀ ovig., 10♀; ORSTOM, St. Comoe FOL EN26, 9.2.1977, det. Corredor, MNHN Na 6148, 20♂, 20♀ ovig., 29 juv.; ORSTOM, 15.2.1976, det. Corredor, MNHN Na 6149, 3♂, 2♀ ovig., 13♀; St. Nzi Kong, 10.6.1976, det. Corredor, MNHN Na 6150, (dissected parts); ORSTOM, sta. Gite Tomate 25.6.1974, det. Corredor, MNHN Na 6152, 2♀ ovig., 9♀; ORSTOM, sta. Makaove Boundiale, 16.3.1977, det. Corredor, MNHN Na 6153, 9♂, 12♀ ovig., 69♀; ORSTOM, sta. Lekaba 1.1977, det. Corredor, MNHN Na 6154, 6♀ ovig., 29♀; ORSTOM sta. Kan Amount LAC, 2.7.1976, det. Corredor, MNHN Na 6155, 12♂, 4♀ ovig., 9♀, 1 juv.; ORSTOM sta. Yore–Lomia, 24.4.1976, det. Corredor, MNHN Na 6157, 2♂, 25♀; ORSTOM, sta. Bandama Seguekele, 30.3.1977, det. Corredor, MNHN Na 6158, 5♂, 5♀ ovig., 15♀, 1 juv.; ORSTOM, St. Maraoue, 14.3.1977, det. Corredor, MNHN Na 6165, 1♂, 7♀; ORSTOM sta. Oyo Lokoho, 17.3.1977, det. Corredor, MNHN Na 6166, 1♂, 1♀ ovig., 6♀; ORSTOM, sta. Bade Nov M’Bingue, 30.3.1977, det. Corredor, MNHN Na 6169, 1♂, 3♀ ovig., 5♀; ORSTOM, St. Afll Badama, 24. 9.1976, pres. Koombaga, MNHN Na 6170, 3♂, 27♀ ovig., 13♀; ORSTOM sta. MBE, 25.5.1976, det. GREB, MNHN Na 6172, 3♂, 3♀ ovig., 5♀; D’Bouet 1907, River Baoule, flow of Basin, MNHN Na 626, 1♀ ovig. Liberia Matuké, Marigot, 5.3.1948, coll. M. De Keyser and B. Holas, pres. Inst. Franç, Afr. Noire, RMNH D 19463, 2♂, 4♀ ovig., 1♀; Bwah Creek, Gbanga, about 100 km inshore from Monrovia, 11.6.1967, fast flowing stream, 0–1.2m, sandy rocky bottom, between leaf litter, coll. T. C. Rutherford, RMNH D 24467, 1♂, 3♀ ovig., 3♀; Gwinney Creek, Tchien near border with Ivory Coast, ca. 100 miles inshore, 5.2.1967, small, shallow, slow flowing stream with lots of leaf litter, coll. T. C. Rutherford, RMNH D 24468, 3♂, 1♀ ovig., 3♀. Sierra Leone coll. T. S. Jones, NHM 1955.10.7.2–4, 5♂, 5♀; Jagbewema, Kono district, coll. T. S. Jones, det. J. Richard and P. Clark, NHM 2007.462–471, 3♂, 14♀. Guinea ( C. africana K. var. decorsei Bouvier ), Fouta-Djalon, Chevalier, 1906, det. Bouvier, MNHN Na 615, 1♂, 2♀ ovig., 3♀; ( C. africana K. var decorsei Bouvier ) River near Mpokpo, 1.12.1891, det. Bouvier, MNHN Na 618, 1♂, 1♀; Nimba Torrent Mien near Bie altitude 500m, 24.11.1990, coll. M. G. Lamotte, pres. Huguet, RMNH 47931, 1♂, 1♀; Nimba, Marigot Ya; altitude 550 m, 16.11.1990, coll. M. G. Lamotte, pres. D. Huguet, RMNH D 47932, 1♂; Nimba, Marigot Goué (= Gouela) 30.11.1990, coll. M. G. Lamotte, pres. D. Huguet. RMNH D 47933, 1♀. Senegal Lac de Guiers, 6, 1989, project FAO, coll. J. Laho, det. J. P. Ellis, NHM 1991.13.10, 2♂, 5♀ ovig., 1♀, 2 juv.; Niokola-Koba river near Niokolokoba, 1.12.1959, coll. Th. Monod, pres. Inst. Franç. Afr. Noire. RMNH D 19462, 2♀ ovig., 3♀. Mali Dire, in the Niger between Lac Debó and Tombouctou (=Timbuktu), ca. 1934, coll. M. Boudker, pres. H. Nouvel, RMNH D 7881, 14♂, 6♀; Diré near the Niger, between Lake Debo and Tombouctou (= Timbuktu), 16°16'N 3°24'W, coll. P. Budker, pres. H. Nouvel, RMNH D 34348, 19♂, 1♀ ovig., 18♀. Chad type: ( C. africana K. var. decorsei Bouvier ) Chari, River Gribinqui mission, Dr. Decorse, 1904, MNHN Na 620, 7♂, 2♀ ovig., 7♀; ( C. africana K. var. decorsei Bouvier , type figure Bouvier 1904) Krebedje, Binquetou, Mission Chari, 11.1902, Decorse 1904, MNHN Na 622, 1 specimen, ( C. africana K. var. decorsei Bouvier ) Chari, Krebedje Binque ton mission, 11.1902, Decorse 1904, MNHN Na 624, 1♂, 1♀ ovig., 3♀; syntype, ( C. togoensis var. decorsei, Bouvier ) Chari, Exchange Paris Museum, 1904, NHM 1907.1.7.34–39, 2♂, 1♀ ovig., 3♀; non types ( C. togoensis var. decorsei ) Chari River, pres. G. A. Boalenger, NHM 1925 3.11.1–4, 1♀ ovig., 3♀; ( C. africana K. var. decorsei Bouvier ) Fort Archembanll, Mission Chari, 4.1903, Decorse 1904, det. Bouvier. MNHN Na 617 1♀; ( C. africana Kingsley , var. togoensis, Hilgendorf ), Avec passagen Bangoran, 10.11.0 3, Chevalier 1904, MNHN Na 633, 2♂, 4♀ ovig., 9♀; ( C. africana Kingsley , var. togoensis, Hilgendorf ), Pjissilo, 15.4.1908, Dr. Gaillard, det. Bouvier, 1918, MNHN Na 635, 1♀ ovig., 1♀; Mission Chari, Decorse 1904, MNHN Na 636, 1♀ ovig.; Fort Lamy, Chari River, 15.5.1939, coll. De Flohic, pres. H. Nouvel, RMNH 7880, 6♂, 2♀ ovig. 2♀; Lake Chad near Bol, coll. A. Stauch, 10.6.1966, RMNH D 24462: 25 ♂, 15♀ ovig., 52♀; Djimtilo, Chari River, 1.1966, coll. A. Stauch, RMNH D 24463, 32♂, 12♀ ovig., 80♀; Mailo, basin of Chari River, coll. A. Stauch, 29.1.1966, RMNH D 24464, 6♂, 1♀ ovig., 11♀; Djoumboul, Chari River; coll. A. Stauch, 29.12.1965, RMNH 24465, 1♂, 5♀; Tarara, Lake Chad, coll. B. Dussart, 12.5.1965, RMNH D 24466, 2♂, 1♀; Chari River near Fort Lamy, coll. M. De Flohic, 15.5.1939, RMNH D 34349, 13♂, 2♀ ovig., 10♀; Lake Chad, NHM 1973: 665 1♀ ovig., 1♀. Egypt type: ( Caridina africana var. aegyptica Bouvier ), Cairo, Brit. Museum, pres. Capt. S. S. Flower 1906, MNHN Na 628, 1♂, 3♀; Nile, Cairo, pres. Capt. S. S. Flower NHM 1906.VI.1.10–16, 1♂, 1♀ ovig., 8♀; ( C. africana aegyptica ) Giza, NHM 1922.11.36–55, 1♀; ( C. africana aegyptica ) Lower Nile, NHM 1927.11.22.53–72, 1♂, 2♀. Sudan Khor Madiba, D. T. Lewis Esq, 20.2.46, det. J. Richard and P. Clark, NHM 2007. 472–480, 3♂, 4♀; ( C. africana K. var. stuhlmanni Hilg. ) Nomotina, 5.1912, det. Bouvier, MNHN Na 630, 33♂, 15♀, 12 juv.; Shandi, pres. Gurney Esq., 18.2.1914, NHM 1950.1.2, 1♀ ovig. Burkina Faso Dobo-Dioulasso; 1960–1961, pres. F. Blaise, RMNH D 17324, 4♀ ovig., 6♀. Benin ( C. africana K. var. decorsei Bouvier ), Sey, racinu, Borgou, Niger Rambaerits 8.3.1912, det. Bouvier, 1918, MNHN Na 621, 1♂, 5♀ ovig., 5♀, 5 juv. Nigeria Chubra Division, pres. I. Sanderson, NHM 1938.7.1.53–56, 16♂, 1♀ ovig., 46♀; River Wulgo, pres. R. Bassindale, det. L. B. Holthuis, NHM 1954.12.7.85–86, 4♂, 2♀, 1 juv., Mouth of Yobe River, Lake Chad, 1967, coll. A. J. & J. Hopson, det. D. I. Williamson, NHM 1967.8.10.8–12, 5♀; Dahomey, Iquidi River on the border of Nigeria, coll. R. L. Welcomma, NHM 1970.330, 1♂, 4♀ ovig., 1♀; Lake Chad area, River at Wulgo, Nigeria, freshwater, 24.12.1949, coll. & pres. R. Bassindale, RMNH D 10219, 1♂, 2♀ ovig.; Ox bow lake near River Yobe, 5 miles west of Lake Chad, coll. J. C. Deeming 9.6.1967, NHM 1981.439, 1♀; Shika River, 7 miles west of Zaria 25.3.72, C. N. Pearson, BIOL SC ABU, Zaria, NHM 1981.440, 9♂, 1♀ ovig., 16♀. Cameroon Ja River, Bitype, Ebolova, NHM 1910.11.1.9–18, 8♂, 4♀; Assobam, River Bumba, Ja River, NHM 1910.11.1.21–30, 2♂, 1♀ ovig., 11♀; Mamfe Div, pres. Sanderson, NHM 1938.7.1.32–40, 25♂, 21♀ ovig., 24♀; no location, coll. R. H. L. Disney, det. M. J. Bearman, (from several damaged specimens) NHM 1974.695, 5♂, 3♀; Region du N’Tem, Mission, Capit. Cottes 1907, det. Auct, 1918, MNHN Na 614, 1♀; Riviere Faro (Cpl. J. Hippo) 5.1960, coll. Staunch, MNHN No Reg., 1♀ ovig., 1♀; Region d’Ouesso, 1.1906, Bassin de N’Goko-Sangha D’graot 1906, MNHN Na 625, 1♂, 2♀; Cameroun, N'Kolbisson; 24.2.1964, coll. & pres. B. de Wilde-Duyfjes, RMNH D 21212, 144♂, 22♀ ovig., 42♀, 2 juv.; S E of Ambam, in small brook of the Ntem River, in forest; 2.3.1964, coll. & pres. B. de Wilde-Duyfjes, RMNH D 21639, 20♂, 7♀ ovig., 31♀. Kwoemveng, ca. 150 km S of Ebolowa, 4.3.1974, in shallow brook in forest, clear water, bottom with mud and leaf litter, coll. & pres. B. de Wilde- Duyfjes, RMNH D 21640, 30♂, 20♀ ovig., 19♀; Ossidingo, coll. Mansfeld, 20.4.1905, ZMB: 12208, 1♀ ovig., 1♀; 30 km East of Kirbi, on road to Yaun, Geo de Vanderbilt Af. Exp. 1934, ANSP 12654, 24– 25.11.1934, 5♂, 2♀ ovig., 77♀ and 26.11.1934, 2♂, 2♀ ovig., 81♀. Central African Republic Christes de mataluil 16 km. V. Voenbaba go vm n.o.v.n’Dele, wit riviertjie in lava substract, coll. Scheepmalur, 29.12.1985, det. L. B. Holthuis, ZMA De: 103: 725, 5♂, 4♀ ovig., 4♀. Congo River luvubu, Uvira, 9.9.1952, pres. G. Marlier, RMNH D 19464, 1♂, 1♀ ovig., 1♀; 10 A Luki River Zaife Tussen, 5°47’N 12°53’- 13°17’E, coll. & pres. Mutambu Shango, RMNH 37270, 20♂, 2♀ ovig., 12♀; Luki River between 5°30'-47'N and 12°53' 13°17'E, 29.5.1985, coll. and pres. Mutambue - Shango, RMNH D 37271, 20♂, 2♀ ovig., 12♀; River near Mpoko, 1.12.1991, Ayborvoki 1086–91, MNHN Na 632, 2♀; Pool, Rosebanda weid 1907, Ruissrau de vessaul dous C. Stanley, MNHN Na 634, 1♂; ( C. togoensis var. decorsei Bouvier ), Tuindo Ta assbi can cettes, 1906, Dr. Pavo, det. Bouvier, MNHN Na 937, 28♂, 73♀ ovig., 11♀ (out of many specimens). Equatorial Guinea Bimfille Fluss, Neben fluss des Rio Bontio, pres. Tessmann, ZMB: 13590, 8♂, 4♀ ovig., 7♀. Democratic Republic of Congo Luculla River, May 1911, NHM 1912.4.2.38, 1♀ ovig.; Kasai, Luxemberg Museum, NHM 1913.5.23.1–2, 1♀ ovig., 1♀; Mbogo, Alt 4200Ft, 15.3.30, Howard de Walden Expedition, 1930, NHM 1930.8.29.3–6, 2♂, 3♀; Near Malabunde, coll. J. L. R. Hancock, 24.2.1931, Cambridge Expedition, NHM 1934.2.8.106–111, 3♂, 1♀; Sankura river, Luxemberg Museum, NHM 1935.6.3.9–11, 4♂, 3♀ ovig., 2♀; ( C. africana var. typica ) Albert Nyanza, Ch. Alluad 1909, det. Bouvier, MNHN Na 631, 1♀ ovig.; Bambesa, 14.10.1933, H. J. Bredo, pres. Zool. Stutssa Monl. Munchen, RMNH 16634, 1♂, 3♀ ovig.; Kolwezi, Belgian Congo SAM A 10668 1♂, 1♀. Uganda Near Lake Edward, Cambridge Expedition to the East African lakes, pres. E. B. Worthington, NHM 1934.2.1–105, sta. 512, 1♂, 5♀, 1 juv., sta. 522(1) 5♂, 1♂, sta. 522 (4) 3♂, 3♀, sta. 542, 3♂, 3♀ ovig., 1♀; Capt. Pitman, NHM 1935.6.26.3, 1♂, 1♀; Arua, West Nile, Kampala, Near Malabunde, Cambridge Expedition, J. L. R. Hancock, NHM 1934.2.8.106–111, 2♂, 6♀; coll. & pres. Lord R. Percy, University of Dunham, NHM 1952.7.17.14–20, 1) sta. N 96, Mongiro River, Bwamba, 7.10.1951, 7♂, 5♀, 2) sta. 158, where Mongiro River flows into mbuga hot spring, 17.10.1951, 3♂, 2♀ ovig., 1♀; East Africa, Various localities, pres. East African Fisheries Research Organisation, coll. P. S. Corbet, EAFRO, NHM 1958.1.20–1) Jarvis Dam, 23.7.1954, 2♀, 2) Nyenga stream, 3♂, 3♀, 3) no location 1♀, 4) Itesia River, near Bursia, 1♀, 5) No locality (35) 16.7.55, 1♂, 2♀, 6) No locality (136) 18.4.55, 1♂, 1♀, 7) Sezibwa Falls, Jinja, 26.5.54, 1♂, 4♀, 8) River Namugonga, 2♂, 4♀, 9) Bwamba stream, south of hot spring, 21.1.54, R. H. Lowe, 2♂, 9♀; Upper Waki River, Bunyora district, coll. A. McCrae for Dr. I. Gordon, NHM 1964.7.10.145, 1♀; Madi, coll. G. D. H. Carpenter, det. J. Richard and P. Clark, NHM 2007.501–510, 5♂, 2♀ ovig., 3♀; Mongiro Bwamba Trip off Semiliki River, pres. Dr. L. S. Leaky, Corynden Museum, det. J. Richard and P. Clark, NHM 2007.481–490, 6♂, 1♀ ovig.; Bundibugyo, Ruwenzori, (From swiftly running small stream in forest clearing), 1.9.1952, coll. Dr. G. O. Evans, Arachnida section, NHM, det. J. Richard and P. Clark, NHM 2007.511–520, 6♂, 9♀ ovig., 15♀; sta. El 180, Muyembe River, Siroko Sector, Mount Elgon, Uganda, coll. & pres. Dr Trefor Williams, 18.1.61, det. J. Richard and P. Clark, NHM 2008.3108–3109, 1♂, 1♀. Kenya Chiefly Kenya Rivers, coll. H. Copley 1954, det. J. Richard and P. Clark, NHM 2007.491–500 1) Trib. River Nzoia River, Nyanza Province, 10♂, 1♀ ovig. 8♀, 2) Gaula River, Trib.of Nzoia river, Nyanza Province, Kenya, 4♂, 9♀, 3) Lake Victoria, Kenya, 1♂, 2♀; Various Nyanza rivers of East Africa, coll. P. J. P. Whitehead, NHM 1956.6.1.7–11 1) Lusumu River, Nzoia River system (22 (1) 6) 1♂, 2) Gauca River, Nzoia River system (2 (2) D) 2♂, 2♀, 3) Gauca River, Nzoia River system (3 (2) E) 1♂, 4♀, 4) Gauca River, Nzoia River system (3 (2) E) 1♂, 2♀ ovig., 1♀. Angola Post do Cuilo, Luitar River, 8°02'S 19°25'E; 3– 4.7.1952, coll. A. de Barros Machado, no. 17376–3, RMNH 24470, 3♀; Kunzumbia River, Miss Pocock SAM A 6887, 2♀, 2 juv. Zambia Zambezi River, Chiboboma 2.1956, pres. G. Fryer, NHM 1958.1.21.1–2,1 ♀, 1♀ (abnormal), Lake Tanganyika, Chilanja, coll. & pres. R. Huddart, NHM 1971: 259, 2♂, 6♀; irrigation ditch, Nakambala, Sugar Estat, Mazabula, pres. J. Pollock 29.6.1981, det. J. Richard and P. Clark 2007, NHM 2007.745–746 (ex NHM 1982.139), 1♂, 1♀; Mulemba River, 12°28'S 30°20'E, 25.10.1998, coll. P. C. Goudswaard, RMNH D 48006, 4♂, 2♀ ovig., 12♀; North of Kawambwa, Mantapala Forest, 9°35'S 29°21'E, in Vlei stream, 6.1.1999, coll. P. C. Goudswaard, RMNH D 48007, 19♂, 1♀ ovig., 24♀. Malawi Rocky shore of Lake Malawi, 20.9– 20.11.1974, coll. P. Lamarque and C. Gosset, pres. Y. Therezien, RMNH D 30477 , 1♀; Banga River, in basin of Limphasa river, neat mout in Lake Malawi, 30 miles S of N'khata Bay, 11°40'S 34°14'E, 6.1962, coll. D. Eccles, pres. Y. Therezien, no. P., RMNH D 30478 , 1♀ ovig., 3♀; Rikalanga River die in Lake Chilwa wit mondt op ca. 10 km van de visserij school, Malawi, 20.9.– 20.11.1974, coll. P. Lamarque and C. Gosset, pres. Y. Therezien, RMNH D 30476 , 5♂, 15♀ ovig., 11♀. Mozambique Zambezi River, Chiboboma, 3.1956, pres. G. Fryer, NHM 1958.1.21.1–2, 1♂, 1♀. Botswana Popa Falls, Okavango, above delta, 18°07'09"S 21°40'35.2"E, coll. Frank Riedel, 20.8.2007, ZMB 29462, 1♂, 10♀; Cuando River, Kwando, Chobe River, Okavango, above delta, 17°47'26.4"S 20°40'39.5"E, coll. Frank Riedel, 21.8.2007, ZMB 29463, 2♂, 4♀; Sidudu Rapids, Chobe River Kasane, 17°46'51.14"S 25°09'55.4"E, coll. Frank Riedel, 25.8.2007, ZMB 29464, 3♂, 1♀; Boronyane stream 6m, East of Maun 10.9.75, coll. A. Russel Smith, Ecological Survey. SAM A 45529, 1♂, 13♀.

Locality not known. Probably Cameroon, Geo.Vanderbilt Af. Exp. 1934: ANSP 12655, 13♂, 11♀ ovig., 11♀.

Description. Total length: 14–35 mm. Carapace length: 4–5.5 mm.

Rostrum ( Fig. 5 a-h): straight, mostly equal to antennular peduncle or equal to antennal scale rarely shorter than peduncle ( Fig. 5 h ) or fractionally longer than scale ( Fig. 5g ). 2.5–4 mm in length. 0.6–0.9 × long as carapace. 14–30 (usually 16–24) teeth on dorsal margin arranged to tip ( Fig. 5b, c, f, h ) or arranged leaving 0.1–0.45 (usually 0.1–0.3) of dorsal margin unarmed ( Fig. 5d, e, g ). 2–5(mostly 2–3) post-orbital teeth (1♀ ovig. and 1♂ from Equatorial Guinea, ZMB: 13590 had 5 post-orbital teeth). 2–12 (mostly 5–11) teeth on ventral margin arranged to tip ( Fig. 5f ) or with unarmed distal end ( Fig. 5e ). Tip always pointed. Formula (2–5) 14–30/2–12, mostly (2–3) 16–24/5–11.

Antennular peduncle ( Fig. 5i ): 0.55–0.7 × carapace. Stylocerite 0.6–0.8 × length of basal segment. Anterolateral teeth of basal segment 0.3–0.45 × second segment. 6-21 segments, usually 10-12, bearing aesthetascs.

First pereiopod ( Fig. 6a ): dactlyus 1.0–1.3 × palm of propodus. Chela 2.0–2.5 × long as broad. Carpus 1.5–2.0 × long as broad, anteriorly excavated.

Second pereiopod ( Fig. 6b ): long and slender. Dactylus 1–1.4 × long as palm of the propodus. Chela 2.2–2.6 × long as broad. Slender carpus, 3.8–4.9 long as broad.

Bristle-like setae arranged at tip of chelae of first and second pereiopods.

Third pereiopod ( Fig. 6c–f ): dactylus 2.3–2.6 × long as broad. Spines on dactylus varying from 6–13 (including terminal spines), mostly 6–10. Propodus 3.5–5.0 × long as dactylus and 12–14.5 × long as broad with 10–13 spines arranged along inner margin. Carpus 0.55–0.70 × length of propodus. 3 or 4 spines present at anterior end of carpus, either pronounced ( Fig. 6d, e ) as in type specimens and in specimens from West Nile, Kampala, Cameroon and Lake Tanganyika, or not pronounced. 3 or 4 small spines and large spine arranged along inner margin. Merus with 3 or 4 large spines on posterior margin and 1.5–2.0 × carpus.

Fifth pereiopod ( Fig. 6g, h ): dactylus 3–4 × long as broad with 45–86, usually 50 to 65 spines. Propodus 12.0–13.5 × long as broad and 2.5–3.5 × long as dactylus with 10–15 spines arranged along inner margin. Carpus 0.45–0.60 × propodus length and with small spines along inner margin. Merus, 1.7–1.9 × carpus length, with 3 or 4 large spines and small spines on inner margin.

Setobranchs: 2 on all pereiopods.

First male pleopod ( Fig. 6i, j ): endopod 0.2–0.3 × exopod length. Appendix interna absent. Stalked, thinly plumose setae arranged around the entire margin of endopod. Setation varying from dense to sparse.

First female pleopod ( Fig. 6k ): endopod is usually 0.6–0.8 × long as exopod. Rarely, endopod measuring 0.35–0.40 of exopod.

Eggs ( Fig. 6l ): 45–60, usually of 0.9–1.1 × 0.55–0.60 mm in size but 1.45 × 0.85 mm in type specimens (ZMB No 8717).

Second male pleopod ( Fig. 6m, n ): Appendix masculina 1.4–2.0 × appendix interna and 0.25–0.35 × endopod.

Sixth abdominal somite: 0.5–0.7 × long as carapace.

Telson ( Fig. 6o, p ): gently tapering, broad distally, 0.8–1.1 × long as sixth abdominal somite. 4–7 pairs of dorsal spines (including sub terminal spine) present. Tip rounded and bearing 1 pair of plain lateral spines and 3–4 pairs or 7 or 9 long stalked plumose processes that gradually increase in size towards centre.

Uropod ( Fig. 6q, r ): 8–15 (usually 9–12) diaeresis spinules.

Preanal carina ( Fig. 6s ): unarmed.

Remarks. Hilgendorf (1893) described Caridina togoensis from Bismarckburg, Togoland, West Africa and provided information on rostral dentition as (2–5) 17/6, and size of eggs as 1 mm long. He differentiated C. togoensis from C. laevis Heller, 1862 by its longer rostrum and from C. africana by the longer dactylus on the fifth pereiopod. Later, Hilgendorf (1898) described a new variety of C. togoensis , namely stuhlmanni , from Undussuma and Bach bei Undussuma mainly on the basis of fewer teeth on the dorsal margin of the rostrum. While describing C. togoensis var. stuhlmanni, Hilgendorf (1898) provided information about the presence of pinnated processes at the hinder end of the telson in C. togoensis and C. togoensis var. stuhlmanni . He noted that in the presence of the pinnate processes at the hind end, C. togoensis and C. togoensis var. stuhlmanni were closer to the C. africana that De Man (in Weber et al. 1897) described from Natal.

Caridina togoensis was reported by Rathbun (1900), Schmitt (1926) and Woltereck (1942) from Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Bouvier (1905, 1913) provided distinguishing characters of C. togoensis . Caridina togoensis var. stuhlmanni was described by De Man (1925) and J. Roux (1927).

Bouvier (1904) described a variety of C. togoensis , namely C. togoensis Hilg. var. decorsei . Later, Bouvier (1905), Lenz, (1910) and Balss (1914) reported C. togoensis var. decorsei . Further, Lenz (1910) described another new variety too, namely, C. togoensis var. breviatus . However, based on the study of vast collections from western Coast of Africa and faunal areas to Senegal to Angola, Schmitt (1926) indicated that Hilgendorf’s (1898) C. togoensis var. stuhlmanni , Bouvier’s (1904) C. togoensis var. decorsei and Lenz’s (1910) C. togoensis var. breviatus were founded on variants that can be placed in C. togoensis Hilgendorf (1893) , rather than a continuous series of intergrading forms. Schmitt (1926) aptly described C. togoensis Hilgendorf (1893) as, “ A much more variable species than hitherto realized by authors”. He made this remark particularly with reference to the highly variable shape, dentition and length of rostrum of C. togoensis . However, the broader range that Schmitt (1926) provides for post-orbital teeth, dentition of the ventral margin of the rostrum, the number of uropod diaeresis spinules, and his figure 52 suggest that his samples might contain C. togoensis and a second new species. De Man (1925) described three new varieties of C. togoensis from Belgian Congo namely, C. togoensis Hilgd. var. Kasaiensis, C. togoensis Hilgd. var. Kwamouthensis and C. togoensis Hilgd. var. Schoutedeni, and illustrated the variation in the rostrum and pereiopods of his new varieties. De Man (1925) dealt with C. togoensis , C. togoensis var. stuhlmanni , C. togoensis var. decorsei and C. breviatus . It appears that Schmitt’s (1926) comments on the varieties of C. togoensis are applicable to De Man’s (1925) varieties also, as these are based on normal variations within the species.

In C. togoensis , the shape of the rostrum which is mostly straight or slightly curved, the length of the rostrum that ranges from the middle of the second segment of the antennular peduncle to end of the antennal scale or rarely slightly longer and the presence of teeth on both the dorsal and ventral margin of the rostrum arranged with or without distal unarmed margin or only the distal dorsal or distal ventral margin unarmed, have all led to the establishment of many varieties and forms.

In spite of the above variation, the rostrum of C. togoensis can be defined as reaching beyond the middle of the second segment of the antennular peduncle and not distinctly overreaching the antennal scale. The tip of the rostrum is always pointed, with the teeth on the dorsal margin of the rostrum compactly arranged with or without a distal unarmed margin, which when present is not interrupted by teeth. The teeth on the ventral margin of the rostrum are arranged from the proximal end either to the tip or with with a distal unarmed margin. The rostral formula is (2–5) 14–30/2–12 mostly (2–3) 16–24/5–11. Woltereck (1942) illustarated these variations of the rostrum and the arrangement of teeth on the rostrum of C. togoensis .

Caridina togoensis was either synonymised with or identified as C. africana probably because Hilgendorf (1898) indicated that his new variety and species were closer to C. africana of De Man (in Weber et al. 1897) from Natal in possessing the pinnate processes at the hind end of the telson. Bouvier (1925) who identified the specimens with the characters of C. togoensis , as C. africana , created varieties of his C. africana , mostly based on the normal variations present in C. togoensis . Bouvier’s (1925) description of the specimens with the characters of C. togoensis , as Caridina africana Kingsley , forme typica, Caridina africana var. aegyptica , Caridina africana forme togoensis , Caridina africana forme decorsei and Caridina africana var. stuhlmanni , probably further paved the way to the identification of specimens with the characters of C. togoensis as C. africana Kingsley (1882) . Gordon (1930) identified her specimens with the characters of C. togoensis from the lower Nile as Caridina africana var aegyptica . Gordon (1933), Monod (1968), Magnetti (1980) and Hussein & Obuid-Allah (1990) identified their specimens with the characters of C. togoensis as C. africana . Jean Roux (1935a, b) described Caridina africana Kingsley , form togoensis and Caridina africana Kingsley , form stuhlmanni . However, in the present study, the type specimens of C. africana Kingsley (1882) , C. togoensis (Hilgendorf, 1893) and C. africana, De Man (in Weber et al. 1897) C. africana natalensis Bouvier 1925 were examined and the identity of the three species established. It is confirmed that C. africana described by Kingsley (1882), type specimes catalogued by Sharp (1893) and later examind by Ortmann (1894), is known by the type material only from Zululand, and is probably restricted to South Africa. De Man’s (in Weber et al. 1897) one male specimen is unique in its distinguishing characters, and is here elevated to species level as to C. natalensis ( Bouvier 1925) ; it is known only from Natal and probably restricted to South Africa.

Caridina togoensis is distinguished by the following unique characters. The rostrum usually reaches as far as the apex of the antennular peduncle or antennal scale, but rarely underreaches the peduncle or fractionally overreaches the antennal scale. The teeth on the dorsal and ventral margins of the rostrum are either arranged to the tip ( Fig. 5f ), or both the dorsal and ventral rostral margins are unarmed distally ( Fig. 5e ), or either the dorsal ( Fig. 5d ) or ventral ( Fig. 5h ) distal margin can be unarmed; there are no teeth at the tip of the unarmed dorsal margin. The rostral formula is (2–5) 14–30/2–12 mostly (2–3) 16–24/5–11. The tip of the rostrum is always pointed. The stylocerite 0.6–0.8 × the length of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Anterolateral teeth of basal segment 0.30–0.45 × the second segment. 6–21 segments (usually 10-12) bearing aesthetascs. The propodus of the third pereiopod is 3.5–5.0 × long as dactylus, with 6–13 spines (including the terminal spine); the carpus bears 3 or 4 spines at the anterior end which may be pronounced. The propodus of the fifth pereiopod is 2.5–3.5 × the dactylus length and bears 45–86 spines, but mostly 50–65. The endopod of first pleopod of male is 0.2–0.3 × the exopod length without appendix interna. The endopod of first pleopod of female is usually 0.6–0.8 × long as exopod, but rarely measures 0.35–0.40 exopod length. The eggs are mostly 0.9–1.1 × 0.55–0.60 mm in size and 45–60 in number. However in the type specimen the size of the egg is 1.45 × 0.85 mm. The appendix masculina 0.28–0.35 × endopod of the second pleopod of the male and 1.4–2 × the appendix interna. The telson bears 4–7 pairs of dorsal spines (including the subterminal spines), 1 pair of plain lateral spines and 3 or 4 pairs or, 7 or 9 long stalked plumose processes on the posterior margin. The uropod diaeresis spinules are 8–15 (usually 9 or 12) and the preanal carina is plain without spines.

Caridina togoensis is present along the entire West coast, from Angola in the South, the entire Nile basin and extending to Malawi in the East, and from Chad to Botswana. It appears to be endemic to Africa.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Caridina togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893, NHM 1938.7.1.32–40, ♂: a) Entire. Syntype MFNB No 8717, ♀ ovig.: b) Anterior region of cephalothorax. ♂: c) Anterior region of cephalothorax. NHM 1934.2.8.106–111, ♀: d) Anterior region of cephalothorax. NHM 1952.7.17.14–20, ♂: e) Anterior region of cephalothorax. NHM 1934.2.8.91–105, ♂: f) Anterior region of cephalothorax. NHM 1934.2.8.106–111, ♀: g) Anterior region of cephalothorax. NHM 1954.12.7.85–86, ♂: h) Anterior region of cephalothorax; i) Antennular peduncle.

FIGURE 6. Caridina togoensis Hilgendorf, 1893, NHM 1938.7.1.32–40, ♂: a) First pereiopod; b) Second pereiopod; c) Third pereiopod; d) Carpus of third pereiopod; e) Carpus of third pereiopod; f) Dactylus of third pereiopod; g) Fifth pereiopod; h) Dactylus of fifth pereiopod; i) First pleopod; j) Endopod of first pleopod. ♀ ovig.: k) First pleopod; l) Eggs. ♂: m) Second pleopod; n) Appendix masculine; o) Telson; p) Posterior margin of telson; q) Uropod; r) Uropod diaeresis spinules; s) Preanal carina.