Afroceto martini (Simon, 1897) Lyle & Haddad, 2010

Lyle, Robin & Haddad, Charles R., 2010, A revision of the tracheline sac spider genus Cetonana Strand, 1929 in the Afrotropical Region, with descriptions of two new genera (Araneae Corinnidae), African Invertebrates 51 (2), pp. 321-321 : 332-339

Afroceto martini (Simon, 1897) , comb. n.

Figs 1, 2 , 23–41

Ceto martini: Simon 1897 a: 509 ; 1897 b: 179, fig. 184.

Ceto curvipes Tucker, 1920: 480 , pl. 29, fig. 18. Syn. n.

Ceto tridentata Lessert, 1923: 200 , figs 50, 51. Syn. n.

Ceto simoni Lawrence, 1942: 172 , fig. 22. Syn. n.

Cetonana martini: Bosselaers & Jocqué 2002: 250 , figs 3a, 4e.

Diagnosis: The female can be recognised by the coiled copulatory ducts, which are initially directed medially ( Fig. 36 ) and are covered by long curved lateral epigynal ridges. The male can be recognised by the palp, which has a broad tibial apophysis with three distal excrescences, and the embolus that curves prolaterally after emerging from beneath the tegulum, ending in a fist-like tip ( Fig. 39 ).

Remarks: Examination of the type material of C. martini (holotype female, and male and female syntypes), C. curvipes (holotype male), C. tridentata (holotype male) and C. simoni (holotype female) indicated several key similarities in somatic and genitalic morphology. Females share the same epigyne structure, particularly the shape of the epigynal ridges, and orientation of the copulatory openings and coiled entrance ducts. Males share similar palpal structures, particularly the embolus partially obscured by the tegulum, orientation of the distal end of the embolus and structure of the retrolateral tibial apophysis. We therefore propose the synonymy of C. curvipes syn. n., C. tridentata syn. n. and C. simoni syn. n. with A. martini comb. n. Although a male specimen is amongst the type series, it was never described by Simon (1897 a).

Redescription:

Female.

Measurements: CL 2.40–2.90, CW 2.05–2.33, AL 2.40–4.60, AW 1.48–2.80, TL 4.80– 7.60, FL 0.15–0.23, SL 1.40–1.73, SW 1.20–1.38, AME–AME 0.10, AME–ALE 0.05, ALE–ALE 0.53, PME–PME 0.20, PME–PLE 0.16, PLE–PLE 0.80. Length of leg segments (sequence from femur to tarsus, and total): I 2.30+1.00+1.88+1.73+1.18=8.09; II 2.25+1.00+1.70+1.65+1.00=7.60; III 1.73+0.80+1.23+1.55+0.65=5.96; IV 2.30+1.05+ 2.20+1.60+0.85=8.00.

Carapace reddish brown ( Fig. 1 ); first two thirds of carapace gradually rounded with highest point in first third, last third with relatively steep decline; surface smooth, with short, distinct, slightly thickened fovea at two thirds CL. Ocular region reddish brown to dark brown with dark brown, almost black, rings around eyes; AER slightly procurved, AME larger than ALE; clypeus height equal to 0.8 AME diameter; AME separated by distance equal to 0.4 diameter; AME separated from ALE by approx. 0.4AME diameter; PER very slightly procurved, almost straight, PME larger than PLE; PME separated by distance equal to 1.2 their diameter; PME separated from PLE by 1.2 PME diameter. Chelicerae brown, orange towards fang base; anterior surface covered in pale, fine setae; fangs orange, paler at tips; two promarginal teeth, proximal tooth largest; two retromarginal teeth, proximal tooth largest. Sternum light brown, darker towards borders; surface smooth covered in fine setae. Abdomen cream with brown mottling dorsally; some specimens with grey chevron markings; broader anteriorly, tapering posteriorly; scutum small, covering less then one quarter abdomen length; venter pale grey, covered in fine setae. Legs I to IV uniform brown to pale yellow; some specimens with incomplete grey bands on all legs; anterior leg pairs more robust than posteriors; moderately dense scopulae on metatarsi and tarsi, remaining leg segments covered in fine, less dense setae; leg spines and cusps present. Leg spination: femora: I pl 1, II pl 1, III pl 1 rl 1, IV pl 1 rl 1; patellae spineless; tibiae: I plv 8–10 rlv 8–10 cusps, II plv 3–8 rlv 5–11 cusps, III pl 1, IV plv 3 vt 2; metatarsi: I plv 15 rlv 13 cusps, II plv 13 rlv 10 cusps, III pl 1 rl 1 plv 1, IV plv 1 vt 2; tarsi: I plv 8–10 rlv 7–8 cusps, II plv 6–9 rlv 6–8 cusps ( Figs 23–27 , 35 ). Epigyne with curved lateral epigynal ridges, with large copulatory openings close to lateral ridges ( Figs 28 , 36 ); entrance ducts forming two­fold coil before extending towards oval anterior ST II, with narrow tube leading to posterior globular ST I ( Fig. 37 ).

Description:

Male.

Measurements: CL 1.84–3.50, CW 1.65–3.00, AL 1.68–3.90, AW 1.29–2.13, TL 3.68– 7.20, FL 0.18–0.25, SL 1.20–1.88, SW 1.08–1.73, AME–AME 0.13, AME–ALE 0.08, ALE–ALE 0.65, PME–PME 0.23, PME–PLE 0.23, PLE–PLE 1.23. Length of leg segments (sequence from femur to tarsus, and total): I 3.20+6.10+2.75+2.45+1.63=16.13; II 2.90+1.38+2.50+2.45+1.55=10.78; III 2.20+1.10+1.60+2.10+0.90=7.90; IV 0.80+1.25+ 2.60+3.40+1.18=9.23.

Carapace reddish brown ( Fig. 2 ); first two thirds of carapace gradually rounded with highest point in first third, last third with relatively steep decline; surface slightly granular, with short, distinct, slightly thickened fovea at two thirds CL. Ocular region reddish brown with darkened, almost black rings around eyes; AER very slightly procurved, AME larger than ALE; clypeus height equal to 0.7 AME diameter; AME separated by approx. 0.4 diameter; AME separated from ALE by approx. 0.15 AME diameter; PER very slightly procurved, almost straight, PME larger than PLE; PME separated by approx. 1.2 diameter; PME separated from PLE by distance approx. equal to PME diameter. Chelicerae brown, orange towards fang base; anterior surface covered in fine, light setae; fangs orange, paler at tips; three promarginal teeth, median tooth largest, proximal tooth smallest; two retromarginal teeth, proximal tooth largest. Sternum orange, brown towards borders; surface smooth, covered in fine setae. Abdomen cream with brown mottling dorsally; some specimens with grey chevron markings; abdomen broader anteriorly, tapering posteriorly; scutum broad, covering three quarters of dorsum; venter cream, covered in short fine setae. Legs I to IV uniform brown to pale yellow; some specimens with incomplete grey band arrangement on all legs; anterior leg pairs more robust than posteriors; slightly dense scopulae on metatarsi and tarsi, remaining leg segments covered in fine, less dense setae; leg spines and cusps present. Leg spination: femora: I pl 1–4, II pl 1, III pl 1, IV pl 1; patellae spineless; tibiae: I plv 7–9 rlv 0–3 cusps, II plv 4–10 rlv 0–2 cusps, III pl 1 rl 1 plv 2 rlv 1, IV pl 1 rl 2 plv 1 vt 2; metatarsi: I plv 15 rlv 10–11 vt 2 cusps, II plv 6–13 rlv 10 cusps, III pl 1 rl 1 plv 2 rlv 1, IV pl 1 rl 1 plv 2; tarsi: I plv 6–9 rlv 4–7 cusps, II plv 4–6 rlv 2–7 cusps ( Figs 29–31 , 38 ). Palp with embolus originating prolaterally, partly hidden by tegulum, directed prolaterally then retrolaterally after emergence from beneath tegulum ( Figs 32 , 39 ); two small strong spines situated prolaterally and retrolaterally on distal end of cymbium ( Fig. 33 ); tibia with three retrolateral apophyses, dorsal and ventral apophyses triangular, median apophysis curving ventrally ( Figs 34 , 40 ), with some variation in sharpness of curved tip ( Fig. 41 ); patellar apophysis small, triangular ( Fig. 40 ).

Lectotype (here designated) ♀ and paralectotypes 2♀ 1♂ and 1 imm. (examined): SOUTH AFRICA: Natal (no specific locality), C. Martin ( MNHN, 9232). Note: The lectotype has been designated here to preserve the current concept of the species.

Type material of new synonyms (examined):

Cetonana curvipes ( Tucker, 1920) . Holotype ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: Western Cape: Groot Wintershoek Mts , 4200–4700 ft, 19 xi.1915, R.W. Tucker (SAMC, B2742 ).

Cetonana tridentata ( Lessert, 1923) . Holotype ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal: Umbilo, Bevis (MNHG).

Cetonana simoni ( Lawrence, 1942) . Holotype ♀ SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal: Umhlali, Sheffield Beach , ii.1940, R.F. Lawrence (NMSA, 2983).

Other material examined: LESOTHO: 2♂ 1 juv. Qachas Nek, 30°06.549'S: 28°41.068'E, 1833 m, 8 xi.2003, C. Haddad, bluegum bark ( NCA, 2006/1546) . SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape: 1♀ East London, Cambridge street, Outdoor Living Shop , 17.vi.1978, P. Croeser, wandering in camping equipment ( NMSA, 18455) ; 1♀ 1♂ Fort Brown, Andries Vosloo Kudu Reserve , 33°07'S: 26°37'E, 4.vi.1981, P.M.C. Croeser, found on and under bark of dry river bed trees Combretum caffrum (NMSA) ; 1♀ same data ( NMSA) ; 1♀ Grahamstown, Dassienuaz , 8 x.1989, R.F. Law [rence]. ( AMG) ; 1♀ Grahamstown, Fern Point , ii.1933, J. Hewitt ( AMG) ; 4♀ Hogsback, Amatola Mountains , 32°36'S: 26°56'E, 25.iii.2007, C. Haddad, leaf litter ( NCA, 2006/1521) ; 1♂ Kasouga Coastal Reserve , 16 km WSW of Port Alfred, 33°39'S: 26°45'E, i.1940, J. Omer-Cooper ( NMSA) ; 1♀ Kei Mouth , 32°41.206'S: 28°22.497'E, 8 xii.2005, C. Haddad, leaf litter, coastal forest ( NCA, 2006/1291) ; 1♀ 3 juv. same data ( NCA, 2006/1292) ; 3♂ same locality, 32°41.280'S: 28°22.484'E, 13 xii.2002, C. Haddad, leaf litter at tree base ( NCA, 2006/1509) ; 2♂ same data, 2.vi.2003, C. Haddad, leaf litter, coastal bush ( NCA, 2006/1507) ; 1♀ same data, 2.vi.2003, C. Haddad, under cut grass, coastal bush ( NCA, 2006/1495) ; 1♀ same data, 30.iv.2005, C. Haddad, leaf litter, coastal dune ( NCA, 2006/1480) ; 1♀ near Mazeppa Bay ,

36°26.495'S: 28°36.968'E, 28 x.2006, C. Haddad, leaf litter, Eucalyptus plantation ( NCA, 2007/279); 1♀ Mkhambathi Nat. Res., 10 m, 31.27333°S: 30.02288°E, 27.i.2008, III-UKZN, Tree beats, forest ( NCA, 2010/235); 1♂ Port Elizabeth, Lovemore Park, 34°00.282'S: 25°31.597'E, 1.i.2010, C. Haddad, night collecting, bark and foliage ( NCA, 2009/3667); 1♂ Rivierberg Range, Plessierivier, 43 km NE Willowmore at hwy R337, 33°08.31'S: 23°50.4'E, 18 xi. 1999, 650 m, E.I. Schlinger ( CASC); 2♂ 20 km W of Grahamstown, along N2 highway, 33°25.237'S: 26°21.266'E, 13.vii.2005, C. Haddad & R. Lyle, under Eucalyptus bark ( NCA, 2006/1490). Free State: 1♂ Bethlehem District, Golden Gate National Park, Spelonken, 28°28'S: 28°38'E, 21.iv.1994, L. Lotz ( NMBA, 6546); 1♀ same locality, 21.iv.1994, J. Irish, beating ( NMBA, 6555); 3♀ Bloemfontein district, “Hopefield” farm, 28°54'S: 26°14'E, 1 xii.2001, C. Haddad, under bluegum bark ( NCA, 2006/1477); 2♂ same locality, 4 xii.2001, C. Haddad, bluegum leaf litter ( NCA, 2006/1481); 2♀ Bloemfontein district, Maselspoort, 29°01.683'S: 26°24.316'E, 2.ii.2005, C. Haddad, Eucalyptus bark ( NCA, 2008/2018); 1♀ Bloemfontein, Westdene, 29°06.088'S: 26°12.506'E, 12.i.2002, C. Haddad, rolled up in dry leaves in shrubs ( NCA, 2006/1503). Gauteng: 1♂ Pretoria, 3.iv.2001, B. Sunkel, in garden ( NCA, 2004/428); 1♀ Johannesburg, Parktown North, 26°10'S: 28°02'E, 19.xi.1986, S. Filmer, wall in lounge ( NCA, 87/65); 1♂ Roodeplaat Dam Nat. Res., 25°38'S: 28°21'E, 23.i.1988, M. Filmer, ground under rock ( NCA, 88/263); 1♀ Suikerbosrand Nat. Res., near Heidelberg, 26°30'S: 28°15'E, 23.i.1993, A. Leroy ( NCA, 2006/1531). KwaZulu-Natal: 1♂ 1♀ Albert Falls, “Helenshoek” farm, x.1958, R.F. Lawrence ( NMSA, 7023); 1♂ 1♀ Ashburton, 10 km SE of Pietermaritzburg, 2.i.1991, V.D. & B. Roth ( CASC); 1♂ Charter’s Creek, Lake street, Lucia Forest, 28°12'S: 32°26'E, 19–21 xi.1985, J. Doyen & C. & T. Griswold ( NMSA); 1♀ Drakensberg, Champagne Castle Hostel, iv.1948, R.F. Lawrence ( NMSA, 5580); 1♀ Dukuduku Forest, 22.i.1980, P. Reavell ( NMSA, 13545); 1♀ Durban, 29°59'S: 30°58'E, vii.1915, W. Bell-Marley ( SAMC, ENW-B 001323); 1♂ Empangeni, 28°45'S: 31°54'E, xii.1986, P.E. Reavell, on wall in garden ( NMSA); 1♀ Empangeni, 28°45'S: 31°54'E, 14.ii.1980, P.E. Reavell, in house ( NMSA); Enseleni Game Reserve, Lower Umfolozi, 28°42'S: 31°59'E, 12.xii.1994, L. Lotz ( NMBA, 6932); 1♀ Eshowe, 28°54'S: 31°28'E, xi–xii.1943, L. Bevis ( NMSA, 12162); 1♀ Greater St. Lucia (iSimangaliso) Wetlands Park, False Bay Park, 20 x.2004, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps ( NCA, 2004/794); 1♀ Greater St Lucia (iSimangaliso) Wetlands Park, Hell’s Gate, 25.i.2004, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps ( NCA, 2004/814); 1♀ same locality, 6 x.2003, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps ( NCA, 2004/818); 1♀ same locality, 29.ix.2003, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps ( NCA, 2004/758); 1♀ same locality, 8.ix.2003, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps ( NCA, 2004/759); 2♀ 1 juv. same locality, 3 xi.2003, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps ( NCA, 2004/788); 1♂ same locality, 27.x.2003, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps ( NCA, 2004/797); 1♀ same locality, 10.iii.2003, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps ( NCA, 2004/798); 1♀ same locality, 25 x.2004, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps ( NCA, 2005/219); 1♀ same locality, 3.v.2004, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps, block A ( NCA, 2005/210); 1♂ same locality, 20.ix.2004, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps, block A ( NCA, 2005/217); 1♂ same locality, 3.v.2004, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps, block B ( NCA, 2005/211); 1♂ same locality, 9.viii.2004, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps, block B ( NCA, 2005/214); 1♀ same locality, 1.ix.2004, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps, block B ( NCA, 2005/220); 2♀ same locality, 8 xi.2004, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps, block B ( NCA, 2005/222); 1♀ same locality, 19.iii.2004, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps, block C ( NCA, 2005/208); 1♀ same locality, 26.ix.2004, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps, block C ( NCA, 2005/209); 1♀ same locality, 26.vii.2004, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps, block C ( NCA, 2005/212); 1♀ same locality, 2.vii.2004, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps, block C ( NCA, 2005/213); 1♀ same locality, 13.ix.2004, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps ( NCA, 2005/215); 1♀ same locality, 13.ix.2004, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps, block C ( NCA, 2005/216); 1♀ same locality, 4 x.2004, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps, block C ( NCA, 2005/218); 1♀ same locality, 1 xi.2004, J. Esterhuizen, tsetse fly traps, block C ( NCA, 2005/221); 2♀ Ithala Game Reserve, Doornkraal Camp, 27°30.735'S: 31°12.231'E, 29.vi.2007, C. Haddad, night collecting ( NCA, 2007/2849); 1♀ same locality, Pongola River picnic site, Dakaneni Loop, 27°28.195'S: 31°16.686'E, 30.vi.2007, C. Haddad, under bark, riverine forest ( NCA, 2007/2835); 1♂ Kosi Bay Nat. Res., 26°57.767'S: 32°48.981'E, 15.iv.2006, C. Haddad, beats, coastal forest ( NCA, 2006/749); 1♀ Mtunzini, Garland Farm, 28°59'S: 31°44'E, xi.1983, P. Atkinson, at light ( NMSA); 1♂ (together with ♀ holotype of Ceto coenosa ) Natal, C. Martin ( MNHN, 71288); 1♂ Natal National Park, 1950–1951, ¼ S1 Doomey mus., ca 5500 ft, Swedish South Africa Expedition, Zoological Institute, University, Lund, Dr Brink & Dr Rudebeck ( AMG); 1♂ Ndumo Game Reserve, Start of game count transect 8, 26°50.183'S: 32°13.135'E, 2.vii.2003, C. Haddad, under bark of fever tree ( NCA, 2006/1483); 13♀ same locality, SW shore Banzi Pan, 26°53.118'S: 32°16.927'E, 28.vi.2003, C. Haddad, under bark, fever tree ( NCA, 2006/1486); 1♀ same locality, W shore of Nyamiti Pan, 26°53.767'S: 32°16.557'E, 3.vii.2003, C. Haddad, under Acacia xanthophloea bark ( NCA, 2006/1489); 1♀ near Enseleni, 7.iii.1980, P. Reavell, dense Sandveld bush, on climbers ( NMSA, 13123); 1♂ same locality, 7.iii.1980, P. Reavell ( NMSA, 13129); 1♀ Pietermaritzburg, Botanical Garden, xii.1990, V.D. & B. Roth ( CASC); 1♂ 1 juv. Pongola River, vii.1936, R.F. Lawrence ( NMSA, 131); 1♂ same data ( NMSA, 133); 1♀ 10 km W Eshowe, “Cascades” farm, Ngotshe Forest, 28°53'S: 31°28'E, 1800 ft, 17–18.i.1984, C. Griswold & T. Meikle-Griswold ( NMSA). Limpopo: 4♂ 1♀ Entabeni, 23°03'S: 30°15'E, 12.ii.2008, D. de Bakker, R. Jocqué, W. Fannes & A. Henrard, canopy fogging, woodland ( MRAC); 1♀ Lajuma Mountain Retreat, Soutpansberg Mountains, 15.vi.1997, M. van der Merwe, pit traps ( NCA, 98/28); 1♀ same locality, 15.vi.1997, M. Mafadza, tall forest, pit traps ( NCA, 2005/2020); 1♂ 2 juv. same locality, 23°02.414'S: 29°41.046'E, 6.ii.2008, R. Lyle & R. Fourie, beats, Afromontane forest ( NCA, 2008/505); 1♂ same locality, 15.ii.1999, S. Foord, grass, sweepnet ( NCA, 2001/399); 1♀ Polokwane Nat. Res., 23°53'S: 29°44'E, 9.iii.2005, M.A. Modiba, active search, island 2, site 2, sample 3 ( NCA, 2006/1544); 4♂ 1♀ Tshulu Research Reserve, 22°34'S: 30°48'E, 17.ii.2008, D. de Bakker, R. Jocqué, W. Fannes & A. Henrard, canopy fogging 15, Trichilia dregeana , riverine forest ( MRAC); 7♂ 1♀ same locality, 17.ii.2008, D. de Bakker, R. Jocqué, W. Fannes &A. Henrard, canopy fogging 16, Trichilia dregeana , riverine forest ( MRAC); 6♂ 6♀ same locality, 18.ii.2008, D. de Bakker, R. Jocqué, W. Fannes & A. Henrard, canopy fogging 17, Trichilia dregeana , riverine forest ( MRAC). Mpumalanga: 1♂ Badplaas, Embuleni Nat. Res., 25°57'12"S: 30°33'15"E, 1100 m, 28.iii.2001, D. & S. Ubick, grass veld savannah, in wooded areas ( CASC); 1♂ Belfast, 31.v.1991, M. Filmer, under rock ( NCA, 91/1498); 1♂ Bergvliet State Forest, Sabie, 23 x.1984, A.M. van den Berg, tree trap ( NCA, 87/667); 3♀ Burgershall, 20.i.1989, M. van den Berg, beating, citrus orchard ( NCA, 2008/2775); 1♂ Kaapmuiden, 25°32'S: 31°19'E, 1–12 xi.1918, R.W.E. Tucker ( SAMC, ENW-B 004273); 1♂ Nelspruit, Lowveld National Botanical Garden, 25°26.586'S: 30°58.414'E, 17 xi.2007, A. Leroy, under bark of fever tree ( NCA, 2008/1969); 1♂ same data ( NCA, 2008/1970); 1♂ 1♀ 7 km NW of Nelspruit, “Glenwood” farm, 27.i.1998, M. van den Berg, on macadamia trees ( NCA, 98/886). Western Cape: 1♂ Bellville, 33°54'S: 18°38'E, 6–25.i.1989, R. Jocqué, in and around house ( MRAC, 169691); 1♀ Betty’s Bay, Harold Porter National Botanical Gardens, 34°20.915'S: 18°55.183'E, 26.iii.2008, C. Haddad, walking on tree trunk ( NCA, 2008/574); 1♀ Cape of Good Hope Nat. Res., Teeberg, x.1998, H.G. Robertson, mesic mountain fynbos of NE rocky slope, Winkler litter trap ( SAMC); 2♂ Cape Town, Newlands Forest Reserve, SE of Table Mountain, 33°58'S: 18°28'E, 4.iv.2001, N. Larsen, K. Muller, S. Prinsloo, D. & S. Ubick, indigenous forest ( CASC); 1♀ Cape Town, Newlands Forest, 33°55'S: 18°25'E, 18.ix.1997, M. Kreuels ( MRAC, 207454); 1♀ Cape Town, Rondebosch, 1.ii.2006, M. Cumming, in garden ( NCA, 2006/1557); 11♀ Cape Town, Table Mountain, Cecilia Ridge, 33°59.629'S: 18°25.193'E, 23.v.2008, C. Uys, sugar­baited ant trap, Pinus radiata plantation ( NCA, 2008/2914); 2♀ same locality, Cecilia Ridge, 33°59.629'S: 18°25.193'E, 23.v.2008, C. Uys, decayed log, Pinus radiata plantation ( NCA, 2008/2919); 1♀ same locality, Cecilia Ridge, 33°59.629'S: 18°25.193'E, 23.v.2008, C. Uys, sugar-baited ant trap, sandstone fynbos ( NCA, 2008/2920); 1♀ same locality, Fernwood Gully, 33°58'S: 18°27'E, 150 m, 18.xii.1996, C.E. Griswold, indigenous forest ( CASC); 1♂ same locality, Rooikat Ravine, 33°59.629'S: 18°25.193'E, 23.v.2008, C. Uys, sugar-baited ant trap, Afrotemperate forest ( NCA, 2008/2916); 5♂ De Hoop Nat. Res., Potberg, Eucalyptus forest, 34°22.487'S: 20°31.980'E, 3–10.vi.2004, C. Haddad, pitfall traps ( NCA, 2006/1512); 3♀ 15 juv. same locality, 6.iv.5004, C. Haddad, searching under bark ( NCA, 2006/1501); 1♂ 2♀ same locality, Cupido’s Kraal, Eucalyptus forest, 34°25.222'S: 20°37.904'E, 26.ix.2007, C. Haddad & R. Lyle, under bark ( NCA, 2007/2856); 2♂ Fisherhaven, 34°21.430'S: 19°07.557'E, 26.xii.2000, C. Haddad, sieving leaf litter ( NCA, 2006/1504); 1♂ Jakobsbaai, 32°57.734'S: 17°53.520'E, 2 x.2007, C. Haddad & R. Lyle, night collecting ( NCA, 2008/220); 2♀ Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens, Skeleton Gorge Forest, Table Mountain, 33°59'S: 18°26'E, 800 ft, 7.i.1985, C. Griswold & T. Meikle-Griswold, under rocks and logs ( NMSA); 1♀ same locality, 700 ft, 7.i.1985, C.E. Griswold ( NMSA); 1♂ Malmesburg, Rondeberg 567 (Part 2), 33°24'S: 18°16'E, 26 x.1987, L.N. Lotz, in tent ( NMBA, 2231); 1♂ 1 juv. Robben Island, 20.ix.2004, University of Cape Town, bush, Australian Acacia ( NCA, 2005/2126). TANZANIA: 1♀ Tanga, W. Usambara Mountains, Mazumbai forest, 04°49'S: 38°30'E, 1400–1800 m, 10–20 xi.1995, C.E. Griswold, N. Scharff & D. Ubick ( CASC).

Distribution: Predominantly known from southern, central and north­eastern South Africa, and Lesotho, as well as a single locality in East Africa ( Fig. 42 ).

Figures

Figs 1–22. General appearance of Afroceto gen. n. species: A. martini (Simon, 1897) comb. n. female (1) and male (2); A. arca sp. n. female (3) and male (4); A. bulla sp. n. female (5); A. bisulca male (6); A. capensis sp. n. female (7) and male (8); A. coenosa (Simon, 1897) comb. n. female (9); A. corcula sp. n. female (10); A. croeseri sp. n. female (11) and male (12); A. flabella sp. n. male (13) and female (14); A. gracilis sp. n. male (15); A. plana sp. n. male (16) and female (17); A. porrecta sp. n. male (18); A. rotunda sp. n. male (19) and female (20); A. spicula sp. n. male (21) and female (22).

Figs 23–34. Scanning electron micrographs of Afroceto martini (Simon, 1897) comb.n. female (23–28) and male (29–34): (23, 29) tibia I, cusp arrangement; (24, 30) metatarsus I, cusp arrangement; (25, 31) tarsus I, cusp arrangement; (26) individual cusp of tibia II; (27) cusp socket; (28) epigyne, ventral view, arrow indicating seminal plug blocking copulatory opening; (32) left palp, ventral view; (33) distal end of male cymbium, with two strong spines; (34) right palp, hook­like median excrescence on the tibial apophysis.

Figs 35–41. Afroceto martini (Simon,1897) comb.n.female (35–37) and male (38–41):(35, 38) schematic representation of cusp arrangement onlegs I and II; (36) epigyne,ventral view; (37) vulva,dorsal view; (39) left palp, ventral view; (40) left palp, retrolateral view; (41) left palp, variation in retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral view. Scale bars (36, 37, 39–41) = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 42. The distribution of Afroceto martini (Simon, 1897) comb. n. in southern and East Africa.