Heliophobus bulcsui Simonyi

Simonyi, Sándor Jenő, Ronkay, László & Gyulai, Péter, 2015, A Revision Of The Genus Heliophobus Boisduval, 1828 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Hadeninae), Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 61 (2), pp. 147-188 : 181-187

Heliophobus bulcsui Simonyi sp. n.

( Figs 42 –49,123–135)

Holotype. Male, N-Pakistan, 15 kmSEofKarimabad, Hopar, 2700m, 36°11’N; 74°46’E, Nr.16., 14.VI.1992, leg. M. HreblayandG. Csorba, slideNo. 255m, SJ. Simonyi (coll. HNHM).

Paratypes. Pakistan. 1 male, WitHtHesamedatasastHeHolotype, slideNo. 262m S.J. Simonyi (coll. HNHM) ; 1 male, 15 kmSEofKarimabad, Hoparglacier, 2700 m, 36°11’N, 74°46’E, No. 16., 14. VI.1992, leg. M. Hreblay and G. Csorba (coll. BMNH (E) 1994–66) ; 2 females, Karakoram Mts, Naltar valley , 2900 m, 36°11,08’N, 74°09,22’E, 20.VII.1998, leg. G. Csorba & L. Ronkay , slideNo. 464fSJ. Simonyi (coll. G. Ronkay, Budapest) . China. 1 male, Sinin, Kuku- Noor , 1901, collectionDr. ScHaWerda (coll. NHMW) ; 1 male, 1 female, Yunnan, DiqingTibetanAutonomousPrefecture, 5 kmSEofDeqintoWn, TasHi’ sGuest- House, near to RerinkHa village , 3356 m, 28°28,484’N, 098°53,827’E, 5–6. VI.2008, leg. B. Benedek , slide Nos 264m, 268f SJ. Simonyi (coll. HNHM) ; 7 males, 2 females, from tHe samesite, 16–20. VI.2009, leg. B. Benedek (collsDr. P. Gyulai, Hungary, A. Floriani, Italy) ; 1 female, Yunnan, DiqingTibetanAut. Pref. , 8 kmNNEofSHangriLa, atNairivillage, 3300 m, 21. VI.2009, leg. B. Benedek (coll. B. Benedek, Hungary) ; 1 female, fromtHesame locality, 14. VI.2009, leg. B. Benedek (coll. Dr. P. Gyulai, Hungary) ; 1 male, Yunnan, Diqing TibetanAut. Pref. , 8 kmNNEofSHangriLa, 2 kmWofNairivillage, 3242 m, 27°53,713’N, 99°39,841’E, 7. VI.2008. leg. B. Benedek (coll. B. Benedek, Hungary) ; 1 male, Tibet, 3700 m, S-HimalayaMts, Nyalam , 10–12.VII.2001, leg. L. Bieber , slideNo. 349mSJ. Simonyi (coll. Dr. P. Gyulai, Hungary) ; 1 male, Yunnan , surroundingsofZHongDianCity, 3200–3400 m, 3–5.VII.2009, slide No. OP 1913m (coll. O. Pekarsky) ; 2 males, 1 female Yunnan, near ZHong Dian city, 3350 m, 27°24,800’N, 99°40,500’E, 23. V.2012, leg. Floriani (colls S. J. Si- monyi, Budapest; A. Floriani, Italy; A. Saldaitis, LitHuania) ; 4 males, 2 females, Yunnan, Lijiang , ZHongDian, nearTuguancun, 3200 m, 27°29,700’N, 99°53,700’E, 24–25. V.2012, leg. Floriani , slideNo. 501fSJ. Simonyi (collsS. J. Simonyi, Budapest ; A. Floriani, Italy; A. Sal- daitis, LitHuania) ; 1 male, East- Tibet, Prov. Qamdo, Mekongvalley , 3500 m, 22. VI.1991, leg. WilliFickler , slideNo. 457mSJ. Simonyi (coll. Dr. P. Gyulai, Hungary) ; 1 male, QingHai, Heka Mts , SW of Santa la, 3610 m, 3–4.VIII.1999, leg. P. Gyulai and A. Garai , slide No. 1212 P. Gyulai (coll. Dr. P. Gyulai, Hungary) ; 1 male, QingHaiNE, DabanSHanMts, Nof Datong , 3800 m, 37°13,230’N, 101°46,988’E, 12.VII.2010, leg. Floriani & Saldaitis , slide No. 432mSJ. Simonyi (coll. S. J. Simonyi, Budapest) ; 5 males, 2 females, Gansu, SWnearXiaHe (Labrang), Sangkegrasslands , 3568 m, 34°59,626’N, 102°33,808’E, 7.VII.2010, leg. Floriani & Saldaitis , slideNos 433m, 436m, 441m, 412f, 437fSJ. Simonyi, (coll. S. J. Simonyi, Buda- pest); 2 males, Gansu , SWroadfromZoigetoLugu, 3660 m, 34°20,780’N, 102°19,938’E, 6.VII.2010, leg. Floriani & Saldaitis , slide No. 439m SJ. Simonyi (colls S. J. Simonyi, Buda- pest; A. Floriani, Italy) .

Diagnosis. THeneWspeciesiscHaracterisedbytHeoliveHueoftHefore- Wings; tHeotHerspeciesoftHe texturata -groupHavedifferentsHade: tHeHueof tHe ground colour is greyisH in H. texturata , reddisH in H. kitti and H aequalifuscus , WHiletHatof H. nepalensis isclearbroWn. THerearecertaindifferencesbe- tWeentHeforeWingpatternof H. bulcsui andtHecloselyrelatedspecies, WHicH areasfolloWs: tHepostmediallineof H. bulcsui ismoretaperingtoWardscos- talmarginandWeakerdefinedbydarkerspotstHaninitssiblings; tHislineis WHitisHbeloWcellandbecomespalebroWnisHfromtHemiddleveintoWards costa (like in H. texturata ), WHile tHe entire line is WHite in H. kitti , and mostly ocHreous- broWntobroWncolouredin H. nepalensis and H. aequalifuscus ; final- ly, tHemostprominentligHtmarkingof H. bulcsui istHesubterminalline. THe colourationoftHemaleHindWingof H. bulcsui resemblestHoseof H. texturata and H. kitti , WHiletHeHindWingoftHefemalesisbroWn, similarlytotHoseof H nepalensis and H. aequalifuscus .

IntHemalegenitalia, tHekeyfeatureoftHeneWspeciesistHetruncated saccularextensionWHicHisuniqueWitHintHegenus. THereareseveralotHer differencesbetWeen H. bulcsui andtHeotHermembersoftHe texturata -group WHicHareasfolloWs. THeuncusof H. bulcsui istHebroadestWitHintHisspe- cies- group; tHevinculumisV-sHapedandpointed, asincertainspecimensof H. texturata , H. kitti and H. aequalifuscus WHile tHe vincular apex of H. nepalensis isalWaysrounded; tHecuculluscanbeturnedalmostatarigHtangle, as in H. nepalensis , WHile tHis angle is usually blunt in H. texturata , H. kitti and H. aequalifuscu s; tHevesicaisverysimilartotHatof H. nepalensis WitHitsnarroW proximalpart, sHortvesicalstitcH, andtHestrongandlongcornutifieldoftHe vesicalglans, butitisoftenovercurvedformingacoil, andtHeroWofspines isalmostentirelyabsentbetWeentHetWolargergroupsofspines. Incompari- son, tHenarroWvesicaof H. aequalifuscus HassimilarlysHortvesicalstitcH, but itistWistedWitHonecoil, andtHeproximalgroupofspinesandtHecornuti fieldareabsent; tHeproximalpartoftHevesicaisbroadin H. texturata and H. kitti , tHeirvesicalstitcHisratHerlong, WitHafullroWofspines, andtHeirvesi- cal glans Has sHort and Weak cornuti field. THe vesica of H. texturata is mostly turnedtotHerigHtatarigHtangle, WHiletHevesicaof H. kitti istWistedWitH onecoil.

IntHefemalegenitalia, tHelongitudinalpartofductusbursaeof H. bulcsui sp. n. istHesHortestintHespecies- groupWHencomparedWitHtHesize ofcorpusbursae, andtHebasalplatesofapopHysesposterioresareconspicu- ouslybroad.

Description. Wingspan 36–40 mm. HeadandcollardarkbroWn, latterWitHligHt margins; tegulaedarkbroWnWitHligHt, silveryedges; crestandmetatHoracictuftdark broWnWitHligHttips. ForeWingcomparativelybroad, costalmarginsligHtlyarcuate; apex finelypointed. GroundcolourgreyisH-olivebroWntodarkbroWn; veinsWHitisH, except inmarginalareaWHeretHeycoveredbydarkbroWnandaccentuatedbyligHtstreaks; crosslinesWHitisH, WitHmoderatedarkdefinitionbydarkerdots. Antemediallineoblique, almoststraigHt, WitHfineanglesatcostalandinnermargins; medianfasciablurred, Hardly discernible; postmediallinetaperingandbecomingmorebroWnisHtoWardscosta. Orbicu- larandreniformstigmataencircledbyWHitisHandfilledbygroundcolour; reniformWitH ligHtcentralline; botHstigmatadefinedbydarkspotsonbotHsides; claviformstigmadark borWn, lessdistinct, oftenHardlyvisible. SubterminallinebroWnisHWHite, sHarplyde- fined, sligHtlyzigzagged; arroWHeadspotspartlyfused, usuallynotprominent. Terminal linefine, ocHreous, folloWedbyanalmostcontinuousroWofdarktriangles. Fringesdark broWn, WitHocHreousstreaksatveins, ligHtgreyisH-broWnouteredgeandfineocHreous- broWnlongitudinallines. HindWingofmaleligHtbroWnisH-grey, WitHdarkbroWnmar- ginalsuffusion; tHatoffemaledarkbroWn, becomingpalertoWardsbaseofWing; trans- verselinedeleted, discalspotHardlydiscernible. Terminallineindistinct, broWn; fringes ocHreous- grey, cHequeredbyocHreousatveins, andmarkedbybroWnandocHreous- broWnlongitudinalstripes. UndersideofforeWinggreyisH-broWn, costalmargin, post- medialandsubterminallinesratHerdark; contourofreniformstigmaandinnermarginal arealigHter. UndersideofHindWingligHtbroWn, costalandmarginalareassuffusedWitH darkbroWn; transverselineanddiscalspotdistinctlymarked, darkbroWn. Abdomenand abdominalridgessamecolouredasHindWing.

Malegenitalia ( Figs 123–132 ). Claspingapparatususuallyasymmetrical, rigHtvalva broader, tHanleftone. Uncusbroad, itsapexpointed; fulturainferiordeltoidal; vinculum V-sHaped, WitHfinelyroundedapex. Sacculusbroad; clavusserrated, saccularextension arcuate, itstiptruncated, WitHpointedinternalangle. BotHdigitusesreduced, Hardlyvis- ibleorabsent. Cuculluslarge, itcanbeturnedventradalmostatarigHtangle; corona andmacrotricHaeWell- developed; neckofcucullusslender. Aedeaguslong, tubular, only sligHtlytaperingaftertHebroadandroundedcoecum. Evertedvesicalong, tubular, only sligHtlytapering, recurvedormakingacoil; vesicalstickextendingonlyaboutone- tHird oflengtHofvesica; vesicalglanscomparativelylong; proximalpartofvesicaWitHasmall groupofspinesatrigHtside, distalpartWitHlonggroupofratHerstrongspines; vesical glansbearinglongandstrongcornutifield.

Femalegenitalia (Figs 133–135). Ovipositorconical; basalplatesofapopHysespos- terioresbroad, moreorlessrHomboidal; apopHysesratHersHort. Ductusbursaerelatively sHort, sclerotised, WitHalobeforopeningcarinaltHorn, andsclerotisedWitHfolds; lon- gitudinalpartofsHort, inacomparisonWitHlengtHofcorpusbursae. Appendixbursae large, Wide, obliquelyHook- like. CorpusbursaeWide, elliptical- rounded, membranous, WitHfourcomparativelylongroWsofsigna.

Bionomics. Heliophobus bulcsui sp. n. Has been found in mountainous grasslands, grassy, stonyslopesanddrymeadoWsWitHdiverseHerbaceous vegetation, betWeen 2700–3800 maltitudes. THemotHsareontHeWingin May, JuneandJuly.

Distribution. THeneWspeciesisknoWntooccurinNortHPakistanand CHina (Tibet, Yunnan, Qamdo, QingHai, andGansu).

Etymology. THeneWspeciesisdedicatedtoMr. BulcsúSimonyi, sonof tHeseniorautHor.

Heliophobus aequalifuscus Gyulai et Simonyi sp. n.

(Figs 50–53,136–143)

Holotype. Male , Pakistan, HimalayaMts , KagHanvalley, TatHabaya, 2300 m, 34°36’48”N, 73°27’01”E, 7.VII.1998, leg. G. Csorba & L. Ronkay, slide No. 463m SJ. Simonyi (coll. S. J. Simonyi, Budapest, depositedintHeHNHM).

Paratypes. Pakistan. 1 male, Jammu & KasHmir, NW of Junkar , 4200 m, 20–30. VII.2003 leg. V. Gurko, slideNo. 1698 P. Gyulai (coll. Dr. P. Gyulai, Hungary) ; 1 male, KasHmir , HimalayaMts, 30 kmNofMurree, Ayubia, 2650 m, 34°01’75”N, 73°24’03”E, 5–6.VII.1998, leg. G. Csorba & L. Ronkay , slide No. 459m S.J. Simonyi (coll. G. Ronkay, Hungary) ; 5 males, HimalayaMts , KagHanvalley, SaifulMuluk, 3100 m, 34°54’N, 73°42’E; 30. VI.1998, leg. Gy. Fábián & B. Herczig ; slideNos 458m, 461m, 462mSJ. Simonyi (coll. P. Gyulai, MiskolcandG. Ronkay, Budapest) ; 1 female, KagHanvalley , aboveSHogran, Siri- paya, 3000 m, 4.VIII.2011, leg. B. Benedek (coll. P. Gyulai) ; 1 male, KagHanvalley , above SHogran, Siripaya, 3000 m, 4–5.VII.2014, leg. B. Benedek & J. Babics (coll. P. Gyulai) ; 1 fe- male, HindukusH Mts , 35 km N of Dir, Lavarai pass, 3100 m, 35°27’N, 71°43’E, 10.VII.1994, leg. B. Herczig, Gy.M. László & G. Ronkay , slideNo. 460fSJ. Simonyi (coll. G. Ronkay, Hungary) .

Diagnosis. Heliophobus aequalifuscus sp. n. is tHe closest relative of H. kitti , despitetHebroWngroundcolourofbotHtHeforeWingandtHeHindWingas tHose of botH sexes of H. nepalensis and tHe female of H. bulcsui sp. n. THe ele- mentsoftHeligHtforeWingpatternandtHesometimesWell- discerniblepur- pleHueoftHeforeWingclearlysHoW, HoWever, tHecloserelationsHipWitH H. kitti , asWellastHefeaturesoftHegenitaliaofbotHsexes. THemaindiffer- ences, incomparisonWitH H. kitti , areasfolloWs: tHeligHtmarkingelements areligHtbroWn, notdominantlyWHitisH; tHepostmediallineiscrenellatein itsentirelengtH; tHecomparativelyvividcolouredsubterminallinealsovery stronglyzigzagged; tHepostmediallineisdefinedbytinydark, partlyflat- tenedarroWHead- spotsatinnerside, andtHearroWHead- spotsfolloWingtHe subterminallinearenarroWandratHerdistinct, despiteoftHeblurredand/ orfusedarroWHead- spotsofallcloselyrelatedspecies. THecombinationof tHeentirebroWncolourationofWingsWitHWeakpurpleHueofforeWingand tHestronglycrenellatepostmedialandsubterminallinesWitHWell- defined arroWHead- spotsaretHediagnosticexternalfeaturesof H. aequalifuscus .

IntHemalegenitalia, tHeclaspingapparatusisverysimilartotHatof H. kitti . THeconsiderableprominenceoftHeclavusisasHaredanddistinctive featureoftHesetWospeciesincomparisonWitHtHeotHertHreemembersof tHe H. texturata species- group. THespecificautapomorpHiesof H. aequalifuscus aretHereallypointedandstronglysclerotisedsaccularextension, andtHe lackoftHecornutifieldfromtHevesicalglans. THevesicaoftHeneWspecies istubular, taperingdistally, WitHoutconspicuousenlargementinitsproxi- mal part (WHicH is present in H. texturata and H. kitti ); it is tWisted in a Wide arcH, despitetHetigHtarcHof H. kitti andtHeonlyrecurvedorsimplycoiled vesicaoftHeotHeralliedspecies. THevesicalstickof H. aequalifuscus isoneof tHesHortestintHisgroupWitHitslengtHcaone- tHirdoftHefulllengtHoftHe vesica). THeneWspecieslackstHegroupofproximalspines (allotHermem- bersoftHegrouppossesstHesespines), buttHereisascarceroWofspineson tHeoutersideoftHearcHofvesicatHatbecomestoagroupofstrongspinesin tHemedialtHirdoftHevesica.

THe female genitalia of H. aequalifuscus are almost as robust as tHose of H. texturata , tHislatterspeciesHastHemostrobustfemalecopulatoryorgan WitHintHisgroup. THesHaredfeaturesoftHefemalegenitaliaoftHesetWo speciesaretHebroadostium- antrumcomplex, andtHeratesofovipositor, appendixbursae, corpusbursaeandductusbursae. THeproximalpartofductus bursaeof H. aequalifuscus WitHsHortlongitudinalandverysHortrecurving sectionsdifferconspicuouslyfromtHelongproximalpartofductusbursaeof H. kitti . Inaddition, tHebasalplatesoftHeapopHysesposterioresareratHer narroW in of H. aequalifuscus , not triangular as in H. kitti and H. nepalensis , or quadrangular as in H. texturata and H. bulcsui , and tHe four roWs of signa on tHecorpusbursaearetHesHortestWitHintHespecies- group.

Description. Wingspan 34–38 mm. ColourationofHead, collar, tegulaeanddorsal crestgreyisH-broWntodarkbroWn; ligHtborderofcollarHardlydiscernible; marginsof tegulaemarkedbyratHerdarkbroWnline, edgesratHerbroad, ligHtgreyisH; abdomenand abdominalridgessligHtlypalertHanforeWinggroundcolour. ForeWingpointed, costal andoutermarginssomeWHatarcuate; groundcolourgreyisH-broWntodarkbroWnWitH poorlyvisiblepurpleHue; ligHtmarkingelementsofpalertHangroundcolour. Anteme- diallinebroad, accentuatedbystrongdarkbroWnspotsatmedialsection; medianfas- ciaWaved, blurred, darkbroWn; postmediallinecrenulate, definedbytiny, darkbroWn arroWHead- sHapedspotsatmiddlesection. Orbicularandreniformstigmataencircledby darkbroWnandligHtannuliandfilledWitHgroundcolour; reniformstigmaWitHligHtcen- traldasH; contourofclaviformstigmadarkbroWn, itsfillingmottledbroWn. Subterminal lineWHitisH-grey, zigzagged, WitHsHortW-markmedially; arroWHeadspotsoffolloWing subterminallineratHersHarplydefined, tHin, darkbroWn. Terminallineveryfine, ocHre- ous, definedbydistinctdarkbroWntriangles. FringesWitHdarkerandpalerbroWnlon- gitudinalstripes, cHequeredbyfineocHreousstreaksatveins. HindWinggreyisH-broWn todarkbroWn, becomingsomeWHatpalertoWardsbase; veinsratHerdarkbroWn; discal spotHardlyvisible, transverselineobsolete; terminallinediffuse, broWn. FringesocHre- ous, WitHdarkbroWnmedialstripeandpaleocHreous- broWnouteredge. Undersideof foreWingsuffusedbyratHerlargegreyisH-broWnscales; costalmargindarkened; ligHtcon- tourofreniformanddarkpostmedialandsubterminallinesWelldiscernible. Undersideof HindWingirroratedbygreyisH-broWnscales; veins, costalandmarginalareas, transverse lineanddiscalspotdarkbroWn.

Malegenitalia (Figs 136–142). UncusnarroWormedium- broad, apicallypointed; fulturainferiornarroWdeltoidal; vinculumV-sHaped, terminallyfinelypointedorblunt andsligHtlyrounded. Saccularpartofvalvabroad; clavussligHtlyserrated, itsprominence strong, ratHertootH-like; saccularextensionbroad, Heavilysclerotised, itsapexreally pointed; cucullusbroad, itsnecksHortandslender; coronaWell- developed. Aedeagustu- bular, tapering, WitHeversibleventralcarinalplate, terminatedinopeningtHorn; coecum penisbroad, rounded. VesicatWisted, tubular, almostevenlytapering; vesicalstitcHabout one- tHirdofentirelengtHofvesica. MedialsectionofvesicaarmedbyaWeakroWofspines alongouterarcH, folloWedbyagroupofstrongspines; vesicalglanslong, narroW, most oftenWitHoutcornutifield, sometimesWitHasmallbundleofflimsybristles.

Femalegenitalia (Fig. 143). Ovipositorbroad, apopHysesposteriorescomparatively long, WitHmoreorlessellipticalbasalplates. Antrumbroad, sclerotised; ductusbursae relativelysHort. Appendixbursaesclerotised, Hook- like, WitHobliquebasalpart; itisvery largeincomparisonWitHcorpusbursae, locatedatdistalendofcorpusbursae. Corpus bursaeWide, rounded, membranousWitHfourverysHortroWsofsigna.

Bionomics. Heliophobusaequalifuscus livesinopenHimalayan- type Woodlands, consistingofpatcHesofmixedpineanddeciduousforests, grassy, stonyslopesanddrymeadoWsricHinfloWeringplants. THeknoWn specimensWerecollectedinbetWeen 2300–4200 maltitudes. THefligHtperiod istHeearlysummer, tHeadultsflyfromendofJunetobeginningofAugust.

Distribution. THespeciesisdistributedintHePakistanianHigHmoun- tains. THeoverWHelmingmajorityoftHespecimensWerefoundintHeSW Himalayas (KagHanvalley, MurreeHills), onlyasinglespecimenisknoWn fromtHeHindukusH (NWFrontierProvince: LavaraiPass).

Etymology. THename “ aequalifuscus ” referstotHealmostentirelybroWn colourationoftHeneWspecies.

Figures

Figs 31–45. 31 = Heliophobus kitti (ScHaWerda, 1914): female, Mongolia, Central aimak. 32– 36 = H. nepalensis Plante, 1982: 32–33 = males, 34–35 = females, all from Nepal, Annapurna Himal, 36 = male, Tibet, Gyantse. 37–41 = H. texturata (AlpHéraky, 1892): 37 = male, CHina, BigCHinganMts, 38 = female, CHina, Gansu, 39 = lectotype, female, CHina, Tibet, Amdo, 40 = male, Mongolia, Tövaimak, 41 = paralectotype, male, CHina, Tibet, Amdo. 42–45 = H. bulcsui sp. n.: 42 = Holotype, male, N. Pakistan, Karimabad, 43 = paratype, male, Pakistan, Karimabad, 44 = paratype, female, CHina, Yunnan, 45 = paratype, female, CHina, Yunnan.

Figs 119–132. Genitalia of Heliophobus species: 119–122 = H. nepalensis Plante, 1982, 123–132 = H. bulcsui sp. n.