HYPOLOBOCERINAE PRETZMANN, 1971

Álvarez, Fernando, Ojeda, Juan Carlos, Souza-Carvalho, Edvanda, Villalobos, José Luis, Magalhães, Célio, Wehrtmann, Ingo S. & Mantelatto, Fernando L., 2020, Revision of the higher taxonomy of Neotropical freshwater crabs of the family Pseudothelphusidae, based on multigene and morphological analyses, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193, pp. 973-1001 : 989

SUBFAMILY HYPOLOBOCERINAE PRETZMANN, 1971 , NEW RANK lsid: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:411794FF-1850-4397-877B-EE7B7A5D97C4

Diagnosis (modified from Rodriguez, 1982; Campos, 2005): Anterolateral margin of carapace often finely serrate to unarmed, lateral armature indistinct. Third maxilliped with exopod of variable length, not reaching distal border of ischium, ratio exopod/ischium length 0.2–0.8. Branchial efferent channel open, gap between jugal and lateral angles in Martiana partially closed. Gonopod morphology variable, with one lateral lobe of variable size and form (reduced in Martiana ) on principal axis, in Neostrengeria with accessory lateral lobe. Gonopod somewhat slender, truncated and simple distally, caudal ridge strong, well defined, lateral lobe on principal axis evident, triangular, rounded or subquadrate, sometimes divided creating accessory lobe. In distal view, apical cavity transversal to main axis, rounded, oval or elongated caudocephalically: with two apical prominences (‘papillae’), conical, acute, located on caudal margin of spermatic channel; aperture of spermatic channel in central position; mesial process small or of moderate size, subdistal, triangular, cephalically projected. Apex with apical elements, rarely ornamented with spines, spinules or granules; Lindacatalina and Moritschus could present spinules.

Type genus: Hypolobocera Pretzmann, 1965 .

Genera included: Colombiathelphusa Campos & Magalhães, 2014 , Hypolobocera Ortmann, 1897 , Lindacatalina Pretzmann, 1977 , Martiana Rodriguez, 1980 , Moritschus Pretzmann, 1965 and Neostrengeria Pretzmann, 1965 .

Remarks: The former tribe Hypolobocerini , now the subfamily Hypolobocerinae was one of the most diverse and widely distributed groups of American freshwater crabs, ranging from southern Mexico, through Central America, to northern SouthAmerica, including Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Venezuela. Representatives of this group show a great variety of morphologies of the male gonopod, from the typical pattern of the genus Hypolobocera to the ornamented ones of Elsalvadoria , Ptychophallus, Spirothelpusa and others. In the new taxonomic scheme this taxon is restricted to the typical morphology of Hypolobocera and allied genera ( Table 4 ), and geographically occurring from south-western Panama to Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.

Although no DNA sequences were available for Martiana ( Campos, 2005: fig. 42) and Lindacatalina ( Campos, 2005: figs 91–94), these genera were placed in this subfamily due to morphological characters of their male first gonopod. Colombiathelphusa was originally placed in the Hypolobocerini recognizing that its gonopod morphology shows similarities with other groups ( Campos & Magalhães, 2014); future analyses should revisit the appropriateness of this placement. The affinity of the genus Chaceus needs to be further analysed to define if it belongs in the Hypolobocerinae or as proposed here in the Strengerianinae .