Coilodera penicillata Hope, 1831

Vendl, Tomáš, VONDRÁýEK, Dominik, Kubá, VítČzslav & Šípek, Petr, 2014, Immature stages of Taenioderini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae): a report of hidden morphological diversity, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (2), pp. 571-604 : 582-583

Coilodera penicillata Hope, 1831

( Figs 2C ; 3C ; 4C ; 5C ; 6G–I,R ; 8A–C,P ; 9G,O ; 10C ; 11C ; 12I ; 13H )

Material examined. One third instar larva and two third instar larva cast skins collected at: TAIWAN: in the vicinity of Taroko National Park, 17. – 19.v.2008, P. Jedelský & I. Hrdý leg.

Description of third instar larva*. Body ( Fig. 2C ). Length 54.0 mm (n = 1), dorsoventral interval of abdominal segments slightly larger than in thoracic segments (thus abdominal segments appear to be slightly thicker, abdominal segments VII and VIII are the thickest). Chaetotaxy of body generally short with few medium-sized setae. Setae on the dorsal side of body (with the exception of the last segment) hair-like, setae of the ultimate abdominal segment and the ventral parts of body hamate.

Head capsule ( Fig. 3C ). Maximum width 4.3 mm, glossy, pale brown. Frontal sutures bisinuated. Epicranial insertions of antennal muscles indistinct. Cranial chaetotaxy summarized in Table 1.

Antennae ( Figs 3C ; 9G ). Relative length of antennomeres I–IV (an I–IV): an I> an IV> an II> an III), ultimate antennomere with eight dorsal and ten ventral sensory spots (n = 1).

Epipharynx ( Fig. 4C , malformed specimen!). Haptomerum: Zygum convex, more or less protruding, with arcuate row of 15 stout conical setae and several similar setae proximad to the row. Sensilla of zygum grouped in single group at the top of haptomerum. Acroparia: Lateral lobes of epipharynx with four to ¿ve long setae, medial lobe with four and four to ¿ve setae on ventral and dorsal sides, respectively. Acanthoparia with four to six setae surrounded by swollen base (or tubercle); the size of the tubercles as well as the setae increasing towards apex (of epipharynx).

Chaetoparia: Asymmetric, right side composed of approximately 30 setae in irregular rows and medial ¿eld (proximad to plate-shaped sclerite). Left side with approximately 20 setae. Both parts of chaetoparia with medial, more or less regular row of prominent long setae. Dexiotorma straight, right pternotorma well developed. Laeotorma strongly reduced, left pternotorma well developed. Haptolachus: Sense cone knob-like with four pores. Plate-like sclerite large, occupying almost the entire area between sense cone and the regular rows on both sides of chaetoparia.

Mandibles ( Figs 6G–I ; 8A–C ; 13H ). Stridulatory area well developed, with approximately 20 ridges (ridges in the proximal third less distinct and narrow). Scrobis with two to ¿ve lateral setae. Longitudinal furrow absent. Apical half of mandibles in dorsal aspect with two lateral setae and mediolateral depression (proximad to the base of the third and fourth scissorial tooth). Lateral outline of both mandibles with obtuse tubercle.

Maxilla ( Figs 5C ; 12I ); parts of left maxilla malformed in depicted specimen). Dorsal surface of cardo and labacoparia with ¿ve and 20–30 setae, respectively. Dorsal surface of stipes with 15 slender hair-like setae and one anterolateral stout setae. Maxillary stridulatory apparatus on stipes with ¿ve spine-like (or drop-like on the malformed maxilla, see Fig. 12I ) stridulatory teeth and one blunt tubercle. Galear portion of mala in dorsal aspect beside large falcate uncus with nine large, mostly stiff setae. Lacinial part of mala with 13 mostly long and stiff setae. Lacinial apex with single triangular uncus.

Hypopharyngeal sclerome ( Fig. 5C ). Three tegumentary expansions (phoba-like processes) present on the left lateral lobe of hypopharynx; tegumentary expansions on right medial portion of scleroma present.

Ligula ( Fig. 5C ). Dorsal surface with two lateral groups of around 12–14 hair-like setae, and central group of setae and sensilla. This group is composed of two paramedial rows of approximately three to four stout and conical setae, and transverse, basomedial row with eight conical setae.

Thorax ( Figs 2C ; 6R ; 8P ; 9O ). Prothoracic sclerite with four (three) setae on the anteroventral margin and another single seta in the posterio-dorsal area. Each sublobe of prothorax dorsal with one or two rows of mostly short or medium-long setae interspersed with few long, hair-like setae. Thoracic spiracle ( Fig. 6R ) 0.84 × 0.45 mm (height × width), bullar opening broad, the distance between the lobes of the C-shaped respiratory plate equals the maximum diameter of the respiratory plate. Respiratory plate with approximately 16–35 holes across diameter. Venter of thorax with hamate setae. Pretarsus ( Fig. 8P ) conical with large falcate tip and two apical setae.

Abdomen ( Figs 2C ; 10C ; 11C ). Each dorsal sublobe of abdominal segments I–VIII with two to three rows of setae. Setae in anterior row(s) short or medium-sized, posterior row also with several long setae. Dorsum of abdominal segments IX–X, as well as the entire ventral part of abdomen covered with hamate setae. Spiracles on abdominal segments I–VI elongate, similar to thoracic spiracle, abdominal spiracles on segments VII–VIII almost circular.

Raster ( Figs 10C ; 11C ). Palidium monostichous (however with few pali scattered around the main row), pali arranged in single elongate U-shaped row. Septula opened posteriorly, about two times longer than broad. Tegilla fused, with numerous short or medium-long hamate setae.

Figures

Fig. 2. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini.A–H – habitus.A – Chalcothea neglecta. B – Coilodera diardi. C –C. penicillata. D – Euselates cineraceus. E – E. laoticus. F – Meroloba suturalis. G – Plectrone tristis.H – Taeniodera sp. Figures not to scale.

Fig. 3. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini. A–H – cranium. A – Chalcothea neglecta. B – Coilodera diardi. C –C. penicillata. D – Euselates cineraceus. E – E. laoticus. F – Meroloba suturalis. G – Plectrone tristis. H – Taeniodera sp. Scale bars: Figs 3A–H = 1mm.

Fig. 4. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini. A–H – epipharynx. A – Chalcothea neglecta. B – Coilodera diardi. C – C. penicillata. D – Euselates cineraceus. E – E. laoticus. F – Meroloba suturalis. G – Plectrone tristis. H – Taeniodera sp. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 5. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini. A–H – maxillo-labial complex.A – Chalcothea neglecta. B – Coilodera diardi. C – C. penicillata. D – Euselates cineraceus. E – E. laoticus. F – Meroloba suturalis. G – Plectrone tristis. H – Taeniodera sp. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 6. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini.A–O – left mandible (dorsal, medial and ventral aspect), P–T – thoracic spiracle. A–C,P – Chalcothea neglecta. D–F,Q – Coilodera diardi. G–I,R – C. penicillata. J–L,S – Euselates cineraceus. M–O,T – E. laoticus. Scale bars: Figs A–O = 1mm; Figs P–T = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 8. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini.A–O – right mandible (ventral, medial and dorsal aspect), P–T – pretarsus. A–C,P – Coilodera penicillata. D–F,Q – Euselates cineraceus. G–I,R – E. laoticus. J–L,S – Meroloba suturalis. M–O,T – Plectrone tristis. Scale bars: Figs A–P,T = 1 mm; Figs Q–S = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 9. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini.A–C – right mandible (ventral, medial and dorsal aspect), D – pretarsus, E–L– antenna (dorsal and ventral aspect), M–T – metathoracic leg: A–D – Taeniodera sp. E,M – Chalcothea neglecta. F,N – Coilodera diardi. G,O – C. penicillata. H,P – Euselates cineraceus. I,Q – E. laoticus. J,R – Meroloba suturalis. K,S – Plectrone tristis. L, T – Taeniodera sp. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 10. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini. A–H – ultimate abdominal segment, ventral aspect. A – Chalcothea ne- glecta. B – Coilodera diardi. C – C. penicillata. D – Eusela- tes cineraceus. E – E. laoticus. F – Meroloba suturalis. G – Plectrone tristis. H – Taenio- dera sp. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 11. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini. A–H – ultima- te abdominal segment, lateral aspect: A – Chalcothea neglecta. B – Coilodera diardi. C – C. peni- cillata. D – Euselates cineraceus. E – E. laoticus. F – Meroloba suturalis. G – Plectrone tristis. H – Taeniodera sp. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 12. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini, SEM images.A–C – epipharynx:A – Chalcothea neglecta. B – Coilodera diardi. C– Taeniodera sp. D–F – sense cone (haptolachus, epipharynx): D – Chalcothea neglecta. E – Coilodera diardi. F– Euselates laoticus. G–M – maxillar stridulatory teeth: G – Chalcothea neglecta. H – Coilodera diardi. I – C. penicillata. J – E. cineraceus. K – E. laoticus. L – Meroloba suturalis.M – Taeniodera sp. N,O – hypopharyngeal scleroma: N – E. laoticus. O – Meroloba suturalis.

Fig. 13. Third instar larvae of Taenioderini, SEM images. A–E – ligula: A – Chalcothea neglecta. B– Coilodera diardi, C – Euselates cineraceus. D – Meroloba suturalis. E – Taeniodera sp. F–L – mandibular stridulatory area: F – Chalcothea neglecta. G – Coilodera diardi. H – C. penicillata. I – E. cineraceus. J – E. laoticus. K – Meroloba suturalis. L – Taeniodera sp.