Lissocnemis Kohl, 1907

Kim, Jeong-Kyu, Shimizu, Akira & Pitts, James P., 2024, First record of the genus Lissocnemis Kohl, 1907 (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Pompilidae: Ctenocerinae) from Korea, with a new species and an unrecorded species, European Journal of Taxonomy 947, pp. 248-267 : 251-253

Genus Lissocnemis Kohl, 1907

Lissocnemis Kohl, 1907: 265 .

Cryptosalius – Turner 1917: 76. [In part: C. tonkinensis Turner, 1920 is transferred to Lissocnemis (see the remarks).]

Type species

Salius (Lissocnemis) irrasus Kohl, 1907 , by original designation and monotypic.

Diagnosis

Lissocnemis is distinguished from other genera of Ctenocerinae by the combination of the following features.

Female

Supra-antennal area of frons produced anteriorly ( Fig. 3F); pronotum elongate but not longer than mesoscutum at midline ( Figs 3G, 4A) with collar deeply depressed below level of dorsum ( Fig. 3F); propodeum strongly and transversely rugulose at least posteriorly ( Figs 3H, 4C), its declivity rather flattened; hind tibia with minute sparse spines, lacking scale-like integumental projections (teeth) dorsally; apical spines of hind tibia short, of similar length, not splayed out; lateral margin of metasoma, in dorsal view, not very convex ( Figs 3I, 4A); T1 petiolate basally (segment narrower immediately behind articulation than its width at articulation itself; Fig. 3G); S2 with distinct transverse groove ( Fig. 3J); T6 with long, dense, curled pubescence ( Fig. 3K) and short, sparse, fine setae; all tarsal claws bifid, inner ray thicker than outer ray ( Fig. 3E); and FW discal cell1 usually with oval, clear spot subbasally ( Fig. 4A).

Male

Head in frontal view, rhomboid ( Figs 1C, 4E); upper frons broader than lower frons; scape with longitudinal sharp carina ventromedially ( Fig. 4E); flagellomeres beneath usually arcuately or angularly produced subbasally ( Fig. 4H); propodeum densely punctate and minutely reticulate rugulose ( Fig. 1H); fore and mid tarsal claws bifid as in female; hind tarsal claws edentate, acutely bent subapically ( Fig. 1E), pair of claws not divergent but subparallel.

Redescription

We redescribe the genus based on the above four species as a complement to Kohl’s (1907) description, which was based only on the female of the type species, L. irrasa .

Female

MEASUREMENTS. Medium-sized wasps, 12 to 20 mm in body length.

HEAD. Broader than high. Vertex moderately convex above level of eye tops ( Fig. 3D); juncture of its anterior and posterior faces broadly rounded ( Fig. 3F). Ocelli forming right- to obtuse-angled triangle ( Fig. 3C). Supra-antennal area of frons, in dorsal view, triangular, trapezoidal, or arcuate. Clypeus short and transverse, as broad as or broader than LID ( Figs 3D, 4B), slightly convex medially. Labrum slightly narrower than lower margin of clypeus ( Fig. 3D), moderately to fairly exposed beneath clypeus. Antennal socket separated from frontoclypeal suture by much less than half of its own diameter. Scape almost straight, or slightly curved outward with lateral face slightly concave. Malar space very short ( Fig. 3F). Mandible short and stout with strong tooth subapically on inner margin. Maxillary palpomeres 4–6 not much longer than palpomere 3. Gena, in dorsal view, rather strongly receding posteriorly but not very thin ( Fig. 3C). Occipital suture complete.

MESOSOMA. Pronotum with streptaulus complete; declivity nearly vertical and flattened ( Fig. 3F), its juncture with dorsum narrowly rounded; dorsum truncate anteriorly ( Fig. 3G), rather flattened above, its lateral margin, in dorsal view, barely convex posteriorly, gradually narrowing anteriorly; juncture of dorsum and lateral face narrowly raised or carinate; lateral face vertical and flattened. Mesoscutum narrowly raised posterolaterally; parapsidal sulci divergent anteriorly. Scutellum slightly raised above level of mesoscutum ( Fig. 3F). Metapostnotum shorter than half of metanotum at midline ( Figs 3H, 4C). Propodeum with dorsum transversely convex, transversely rugulose or reticulate-rugulae ( Figs 3H, 4C), spiracles distanced from anterior margin of propodeum by more than its own length; declivity rather flattened ( Fig. 3F) but not distinctly delimited from dorsum.

WINGS. FW with three SMCs ( Figs 3A, 4A). Pterostigma long, its posterior base much longer than cross-vein 2 r-rs. Marginal cell lanceolate, acute at apex. Second abscissa of vein M (lower part of basal vein) strongly curved. Crossvein 2 rs-m straight. Cross-vein cu-a originating distally to fork of vein M+CuA by its own length.

LEGS. Fore tarsomere 1 longer than tarsomeres 2–4 combined. Fore femur not swollen, almost as thick as mid femur. Fore tibia lacking stout, decurved spines apicomesially. Both hind coxae separate each other, unlike mid coxae ( Fig. 4D). Basal ring on mid and hind femora distinct. Mid and hind tibiae with several short spines laterally and dorsally. Orbiculae small ( Fig. 3E), its width ca 0.5× as wide as tarsomere 5; its pecten consisting of fine, straight, divergent setulae, these being much longer than orbiculae themselves. Hind tarsomere 5 with one or a few irregularly arranged spines or without spines beneath.

METASOMA. Rather slender, its width about 1.2 × as wide as mesosoma between tegulae, in dorsal view, not very convex medially. S6 moderately compressed laterally or gently arched.

Male

MEASUREMENTS. Smaller and slenderer than female, 8 to 13 mm in body length.

HEAD. Upper frons, vertex, and gena with numerous long erect setae ( Figs 1C–D, 4E). Vertex more strongly convex above level of eye tops than in female ( Figs 1C vs 3D, 4E vs 4B), chevron-shaped. Inner orbits more or less divergent above. Ocelli forming right- or obtuse-angled triangle ( Fig. 1D, G), anterior ocellus greater than posterior ocelli ( Figs 1D, 4E). Supra-antennal ledge as in female. Clypeus almost truncate apically ( Figs 1C, 4E). Antennal socket more separated from frontoclypeal suture than in female. Scape longer than Fl1 ( Fig. 1B), straight or slightly curved outward, produced apicomesially ( Fig. 1D), densely setose lateroventrally. Mandible short with strong tooth subapically on inner margin. Gena more gently receding posteriorly and thicker than in female ( Fig. 1D vs Fig. 3C).

MESOSOMA. Pronotum with declivity vertical, flattened or concave ( Figs 1A, 4H), polished; dorsum declivous, gradually narrowing anteriorly ( Figs 1G, 4I), with long, dense, erect pubescence and setae. Disc of scutellum triangular ( Figs 1G, 4I), more strongly raised than in female. Metapostnotum longer than in female ( Figs 1H, 4I). Propodeum with pubescence and setae, both very long and dense posterolaterally ( Fig. 1H); dorsum longer than declivity ( Fig. 1A), gradually merging into declivity.

WINGS. FW discal cell 1 almost lacking clear spot subbasally. Crossvein cu-a originating distally to separation of vein M +Cu by less than its own length ( Figs 1F, 4H). HW cross-vein cu-a originating at or distally to fork of vein M+CuA.

LEGS. Pair of hind coxae closely set unlike in female. Hind tarsomeres narrowing apically. Fore and mid orbiculae smaller than in female; hind orbicula minute.

METASOMA. Slender ( Fig. 4G), its width almost equal to or lesser than mesosoma width between tegulae. T1 gradually narrowing ( Fig. 1H) or shortly parallel-sided basally. Subgenital plate parallel-sided basally ( Fig. 2A), gradually narrowing posteriorly, truncate or rounded apically. Genitalia with paramere short ( Figs 2B, 5B), wedge-shaped apically, not exceeding beyond apex of digitus volsellaris; digitus volsellaris broadened apically, club-shaped; basal hooklet single; parapenial lobe variable in shape, not exceeding beyond apex of aedeagus.

Distribution

South Asia ( India), Southeast Asia ( Singapore, Vietnam, Java, Borneo , Philippines), and East Asia ( Taiwan, Eastern-central China, South Korea, Japan).

Remarks

AS examined the holotype of Cryptosalius tonkinensis (♀, Chapa, Tonkin, May and June 1916) deposited in the collection of the NHML and concluded that the species should belong to Lissocnemis . We propose the following nomenclatural change: Lissocnemis tonkinensis ( Turner, 1920) comb. nov. = Cryptosalius tonkinensis Turner, 1920 .

Dinagenia Banks, 1934 (type species: D. apollo Banks, 1934 ) includes two species, D. apollo Banks, 1934 from the Philippines and D. satyrus Banks, 1938 from Singapore. Haupt (1938), Matsumoto et al. (2018) and Michael C. Day (unpubl.) pointed out the genus was probably a junior synonym of Lissocnemis . JPP examined the holotypes of D. apollo (♀, “Surigao Mindanao Baker / Dinagenia apollo Bks type / Type No. 51162 U.S. N.M. / USNMENT 01546711 / Lissocnemis apollo Bks. ♀ det.M.C.Day, 1977”) and D. satyrus (♀, “ Singapore Coll. Baker / Dinagenia satyrus Bks type / Type No. 56021 USNM / USNMENT 01559147 / 17915 / Lissocnemis apollo Banks ♀ det.M.C.Day, 1977”) deposited in the collection of the NMNH and concluded that Dinagenia should be a junior synonym of Lissocnemis . As such, these two species become new combinations in Lissocnemis : Lissocnemis apollo ( Banks, 1934) comb. nov. (= Dinagenia apollo Banks, 1934 ) and Lissocnemis satyrus ( Banks, 1938) comb. nov. (= Dinagenia satyrus Banks, 1938 ). Furthermore, close examination of holotype material has revealed that Lissocnemis nigricoxis Haupt, 1941 and Lissocnemis satyrus ( Banks, 1938) comb. nov. are junior synonyms of Lissocnemis apollo comb. nov.