Archetypus Thomson, 1861

Jin, Mengjie, Keyzer, Roger De, Hutchinson, Paul, Pang, Hong & Ślipiński, Adam, 2020, A Review Of The Australian Macrotomini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae), Annales Zoologici 70 (1), pp. 33-96 : 44-45

Archetypus Thomson, 1861

( Figs. 4 H–K, 14D , 15G , 16C )

Archetypus Thomson, 1861: 292 . Type species Archetypus parandroides Thomson, 1861 (= Mallodon fulvipenne Pascoe, 1859 ), by monotypy.

Archetypus: Lacordaire, 1868: 129 ; Pascoe 1869: 671; Lameere 1903a: 5; Lameere 1919: 21.

Diagnostic combination (Male). Moderately large beetles, 26–40 mm long. Dorsum bicoloured, head and pronotum darker than elytra. Sexually dimorphic, dense fine punctures present on lateral sides of pronotum. Head as broad as prothorax; frontoclypeal suture broadly rounded; median groove complete. Antennal tubercles almost flat, weakly angulate apically. Eyes transverse, weakly emarginate near antennal insertion, broadly separated dorsally. Mandibles almost same length as head capsule, sexually dimorphic in the length and thickness, weakly curved and unidentate apically. Antenna reaching mid elytra. Scape about 1/4 of head length, posteriorly not extending to posterior margin of eye, globular; antennomere 3 about as long as scape and about as long as 4. Mentum fused to submentum ( Fig. 4K ). Terminal palpomere of maxillary and labial palps ovoid and apically rounded. Prothorax transverse, as long as or slightly shorter than head capsule; lateral carina almost smooth; anterior margin with bead incomplete medially, posterior margin with complete bead. Pronotal disc mostly shiny and smooth, with fine and deeply punctate, slightly depressed lateral irregular areas. Prosternal process distinctly expanded beyond procoxae, extending to mesoventrite, narrowly pointed apically. Elytral surface semitransparent; inner apical angle angulate or with weak spine. Legs strong, femora and tibiae without rows of spines. Protibia smooth externally with sharp external spine and pair of subequal spurs; lobes on tarsomere 3 narrow and broadly separated, tarsomere 5 much longer than tarsomeres 1 and 2 combined.

Description. Male. Length 26–40 mm. Head and pronotum reddish or dark brown, elytra lighter than pronotum often yellowish and semitransparent. Head transverse, as broad as pronotum. Mandibles show sexual dimorphism on length and thickness which are much longer and stronger in males, dorsum bearing dense hairs, apex weakly curved inwards; each mandible wedge-shaped, very thick and strong on lateral side and near the base, unidentate at apex, with several teeth on incisor edge. Labrum weakly constrict- ed at base, anterior margin pointed medially with very dense setae; labrum separated from clypeus by a deep groove; dorsal surface of labrum and clypeus covered with long golden setae. Frontoclypeal suture almost straight; median groove distinct and complete. Antennal tubercles relatively flat, very distant to each other, apex blunt angulate. Antennae 11-segmented, filiform or slightly moniliform, extending to mid elytra; scapes short and stout, as long as eye length. Eyes transverse, coarsely facetted, very weakly emarginate near antennal foramen; broadly separated dorsally. Mentum fused to submentum, submentum emarginate medially and weakly depressed on apical central area, covering the base of maxilla and labium. Terminal palpomere of maxillary and labial palps ovoid and apically rounded. Pronotum transverse, almost sub-squared and with posterior margin slightly narrower than anterior margin; with incomplete bead on anterior and complete bead on posterior margins; lateral carina rather smooth. Disc surface shiny, glabrous and smooth medially, with deep and fine punctures on lateral area. Prosternum with deep fine punctate area along procoxal cavities, and a smooth shiny T-area from anterior prosternum to the apex of prosternal process; hypomeron well-defined, as broad as prosternal process; prosternal process tridentate at apex, median lobe projecting towards mesoventrite, narrowly rounded apically. Mesoventral process broad, apex truncate and emarginate medially. Ventral side of pterothorax and coxae covered with golden hairs. Metanepisternum weakly constricted at base. Scutellum narrowly round- ed at apex, surface smooth. Elytra surfaces relatively shiny with weak irregular coriaceous sculpture, two to three traces of venation present; elytral apices angulate without sutural spines; epipleuron almost complete, very narrowing apically. Legs short and strong, femur broad and relatively flat, weakly restricted at both ends, surface smooth, ventral side without spines; each tibia with distinct apical spine and a pair of strong spurs; tarsi slender; tarsomere 3 with relatively narrow lobes; tarsomere 5 much longer than tarsomere 1 and 2 combined. Abdominal ventrites surface smooth, only bearing dense long setae along the edge, especially on the apex of ventrite 5. Male genitalia ( Fig. 14D ). Tegmen longer than sternite VII; parameres relatively short, only 0.1 times length of entire tegmen, rounded apically with triangular projections at the base; penis longer than tegmen, dorsal apex rounded while ventral apex narrowly rounded.

Female. Mandibles much shorter than in males, surface with less setae; pronotum constricted near anterior margin, with coarsely punctate, irregular lateral area; prosternum and hypomeron with sparse fine punctures and loose hairs. Ovipositor ( Fig. 15G ) long, apical sclerosed part 1/3 of barculus length; distal gonocoxites short and stout; stylus inserted laterally and close to gonocoxite apex, relatively long and gradually expanded apically.

Remarks. Archetypus can be distinguished from the remaining genera of the Australian Macrotomini by its medium body size, the pale yellow elytra, the tibia without lateral spines, and the tarsomere 5 much longer than tarsomeres 1 and 2 combined. Males are recognised by modified elongate and strong mandibles, bearing dense golden hairs on dorsal surface.

Only two species are recognised in Archetypus . The type species, A. fulvipennis was described from Dorey, Papua New Guinea, and later recorded from Aru, Lifu, Solomon Islands, and northern Queensland. However, according to our molecular results, the specimens from the northern Queensland are genetically different from the Papuan populations and are described here as a new species.

Figures

Figure 4. A–G: Anomophysis spp. A–C: A. australis Quentin et Villiers; D–G: A. coxalis (Gahan). H–K: Archetypus marginatus sp. nov. A, E, H: male, dorsal; B, F, I: male, ventral; C, G, J: female, dorsal; D: male, ventral, white arrows indicate the broadly open mesocoxal cavity, yellow arrows indicate the measurement of the length of procoxa and the width of hypomeron, prosternal process and mesoventral process; K: male mouthparts, ventral, arrow indicate mentum fused to submentum.

Figure 14. Male genitalia, each figure from left to right: tegmen (ventral), tegmen (lateral), penis (ventral). A: Agrianome spinicollis (Macleay); B: Analophus parallelus Waterhouse; C: Anomophysis coxalis (Gahan); D: Archetypus marginatus sp. nov.; E: Brephilydia jejuna (Pascoe); F: Cnemoplites edulis Newman; G: Cryptipus frenchi (Blackburn); H: Eurynassa servillei Thomson; I: Hagrides princeps (Gahan); J: Geoffmonteithia queenslanda Jin, de Keyzer et Ślipiński; K: Hermerius impar Newman; L: Pseudoplites hamali (Lameere).

Figure 15. A–C: male genitalia, each figure from left to right: tegmen (ventral), tegmen (lateral), penis (ventral). A: Teispes insularis (Hope); B: Utra nitida Jordan; C: Xixuthrus microcerus (White). D–R: ovipositor. D: Agrianome spinicollis (Macleay); E: Analophus parallelus Waterhouse; F: Anomophysis coxalis (Gahan); G: Archetypus marginatus sp. nov.; H: Brephilydia jejuna (Pascoe); I: Cnemoplites edulis Newman; J: Cryptipus frenchi (Blackburn); K: Eurynassa servillei Thomson; L: Geoffmonteithia queenslanda Jin, de Keyzer et Ślipiński; M: Hagrides princeps (Gahan); N: Hermerius impar Newman; O: Pseudoplites hamali (Lameere); P: Teispes insularis (Hope); R: Utra nitida Jordan; R: Xixuthrus microcerus (White).

Figure 16. Distribution maps based on specimens examined.