Anomophysis Quentin and Villiers, 1981

Jin, Mengjie, Keyzer, Roger De, Hutchinson, Paul, Pang, Hong & Ślipiński, Adam, 2020, A Review Of The Australian Macrotomini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae), Annales Zoologici 70 (1), pp. 33-96 : 42-43

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.3161/00034541ANZ2020.70.1.003
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3795952
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED87B7-CB7D-1B24-FBC5-FE25FB04FB80
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Anomophysis Quentin and Villiers, 1981
status

Treatment

Anomophysis Quentin and Villiers, 1981 View in CoL

( Figs. 4 View Figure 4 A-G, 14C View Figure 14 , 15F View Figure 15 , 16C View Figure 16 )

Anomophysis Quentin et Villiers, 1981: 361 View in CoL . Type species Prionus spinosus Fabricius, 1787 View in CoL , by original designation.

Diagnostic combination (male). Large beetles, 25–90 mm long. Dorsum usually uniformly dark brown, sometimes with light or reddish-brown elytra. Sexually dimorphic dense punctures present on most of the pronotum and to various extent on ventral side. Head narrower than prothorax; frontoclypeal suture angulate; median groove complete. Antennal tubercles prominent, rounded at apex. Eyes large, weakly emarginate near antennal insertion, narrowly separated dorsally. Mandibles about 1/3 of head capsule length, not sexually dimorphic, broad at base, not bent towards ventral side and unidentate apically. Antenna extends to or slightly beyond elytral apex. Scape about half of head capsule length, posteriorly extending beyond posterior margin of eye, gradually expanded; antennomere 3 three times of scape length, much longer and thicker than antennomere 4. Mentum not fused to sub-mentum. Terminal palpomere of maxillary and labial palps oval and apically weakly truncate. Prothorax transverse with posterior angles blunt but projecting posteriorly; lateral carina very weak, regularly dentate. Anterior and posterior margins with very fine beads not extending to anterior or posterior angles. Pronotal disc with almost smooth and shiny callosities on densely punctate background. Prosternal process relatively broad, laminate and arcuate, weakly narrowing towards apex, extending beyond procoxae and rounded apically. Elytral surfaces coriaceous; elytral apices with sharp spine. Legs relatively long; rows of spines present on femora and tibiae. Protibial surface rough but glabrous, with pair of unequal spurs apically; tarsomere 3 moderately lobed; tarsomere 5 as long as or slightly shorter than tarsomeres 1 and 2 combined.

Description. Male. Length 25–90 mm. Body usually uniformly brown or dark brown, in some species with reddish- or yellowish-brown elytra. Head approximately as long as wide, narrower than pronotum. Mandibles about 1/3 of head length, weakly curved inwards, without sexual dimorphism; each mandible wedge-shaped, very thick and strong on lateral side and near the base, unidentate at apex, with two or three teeth on incisor edge. Labrum very short, anterior margin rounded with very dense setae; labrum separated from clypeus by a deep groove; dorsal surface of labrum with longer and denser setae than on clypeus. Frontoclypeal suture angulate; median groove relatively broad in anterior third, complete. Antennal tubercles prominent with apex rounded. Antenna 11-segmented, filiform, extending to or beyond elytral apices; scape moderately long and gradually expanded, reaching beyond posterior margin of eye; antennomere 3 at least three times longer than scape or antennomere 4, and thicker than all following segments, surface very rough, bearing tiny spines on ventral side; antennomeres 5–11 with rather blunt posterior angles. Eyes large, transverse, coarsely facetted, slightly emarginate near antennal foramen; narrowly separated dorsally. Submentum curved at apex, mentum well exposed. Terminal palpomere of maxillary and labial palps oval and apically truncate. Pronotum transverse, trapezoid with posterior margin broader than anterior margin; beads present on both anterior and posterior margin not extending laterally to anterior or posterior angles; lateral carina very fine with regular sharp teeth. Disc very densely punctate and matt except for two shiny, sparsely punctate islands in admedian area. Prosternum covered with fine and deep punctures; hypomeron well-defined, narrower than prosternal process. Prosternal process relatively broad, laminate and bent towards mesoventrite, rounded apically. Mesoventral process sub-parallel and emarginate apically, without median impression or groove to receive prosternal process. Metaventrite with dense pubescent triangular area medially and densely punctate area elsewhere. Metanepisternum weakly constricted at base. Scutellum rounded apically; surface with dense fine hairs. Elytral surfaces dull covered with irregular coriaceous sculpture; two or three weak traces of venation especially on basal half; elytral apices rounded with sharp sutural spine; epipleuron almost complete, narrowing apically. Legs strong and long; femur sub-parallel, rows of spines present on ventral side; tibia slender and relatively flat, with spines along outer margin, surface very rough but glabrous; each tibia with distinct apical spine and a pair of unequal spurs; tarsi strong; tarsomere 3 moderately lobed; tarsomere 5 as long as or slightly shorter than tarsomeres 1 and 2 combined. Abdomen with ventrites 1–5 smooth, only with fine punctures near antero-lateral angles surfaces almost glabrous, only bearing long setae along the edge, and very densely setose on the apex of ventrite 5. Male genitalia ( Fig. 14C View Figure 14 ). Tegmen longer than sternite VII; parameres moderately long, 0.14 times length of entire tegmen, rounded apically without triangular projections at the base; penis longer than tegmen, dorsal apex truncate or emarginate while ventral apex narrowly pointed.

Female. Antenna usually shorter than in male, extending beyond middle of elytra but not reaching the apex; antennomere 3 smooth, much longer than scape or antennomere 4, but not thicker than antennomeres 4–11. Pronotal disc relatively shiny, with sparse and fine punctures near centre and coarse dense punctures laterally. Fine and dense punctures on thorax but absent from abdomen. Legs much slender than males. Abdominal ventrite 5 truncate or weakly emarginate medially. Ovipositor ( Fig. 15F View Figure 15 ) long, apical sclerosed part consists of about half length of baculus; distal gonocoxites relatively short and small, rounded near apex; stylus large, inserted laterally and very close to gonocoxite apex, gradually expanded apically.

Remarks. Anomophysis can be distinguished from the remaining genera of the Australian Macrotomini by the extremely elongate antennomere 3, which is at least 3 times longer than the scape or antennomere 4, and very narrowly separated dorsal eye lobes. Male with sexual fine punctures on pronotum and ventral side of thorax, antennomere 3 thick with surfaces very rough and bearing tiny spines on ventral side.

Twenty-one species are currently recognised in Anomophysis worldwide, mostly distributed in the Indo-Malaysian region. Only two species have been recorded in Australia, including A. coxalis restricted to the Christmas Island. The only species from mainland Australia, A. australis was removed from Pseudoplites by Queentin and Villiers (1981), but its distribution is uncertain as very limited number of specimens have been found for this species.