Agrianome Thomson, 1864

Jin, Mengjie, Keyzer, Roger De, Hutchinson, Paul, Pang, Hong & Ślipiński, Adam, 2020, A Review Of The Australian Macrotomini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae), Annales Zoologici 70 (1), pp. 33-96 : 36-37

Agrianome Thomson, 1864

( Figs. 2 , 14A , 15D , 16A )

Agrianome Thomson, 1864: 300 . Type species Mallodon fairmairei Montrouzier, 1861 , by original designation.

Agrianome: Lacordaire, 1868: 109 ; Lameere, 1903a: 62; Lameere, 1919: 58.

Diagnostic combination (male). Large beetles, 30–70 mm long. Dorsum bicoloured, head and pronotum darker than elytra. Sexually dimorphic dense punctures ( Fig. 2B ) present on most of the pronotum, all thoracic sterna and at least on anterior parts of abdominal ventrites. Head distinctly narrower than prothorax; frontoclypeal suture angulate; median groove complete. Antennal tubercles prominent, round- ed apically. Eyes very large, weakly emarginate near antennal insertion, narrowly separated dorsally. Mandibles less than half of head length, not sexually dimorphic, strongly bent and unidentate apically. Antenna almost reaching elytral apex in male. Scape longer than half of head length, posteriorly extending to anterior margin of pronotum, expanding apically, flat with sharp external edge; antennomere 3 about as long as scape and almost twice as long as 4. Mentum not fused to sub-mentum. Terminal palpomere of maxillary and labial palps weakly expanded and apically truncate. Prothorax transverse with lateral carina regularly dentate; anterior and posterior margins with complete beads. Pronotal disc uneven with weakly elevated smooth and coarsely punctate callosities on densely punctate, feebly shiny background. Prosternal process subparallel, extending beyond procoxae, rounded apically. Elytral surfaces weakly coriaceous; inner apical angle with short spine. Legs relatively long; femora and tibiae with rows of sharp spines. Protibia with sharp apical spine and pair of subequal spurs; tarsomere 3 moderately lobed; tarsomere 5 shorter than tarsomeres 1 and 2 combined.

Description. Male. Length 30–70 mm. Head and pronotum reddish or dark brown, elytra lighter than pronotum often yellowish and semitransparent. Head approximately as long as wide, narrower than pronotum. Mandibles shorter than half of head length, moderate to strongly curved inwards, without sexual dimorphism; each mandible wedge-shaped, very thick and strong on lateral side and near the base; unidentate at apex, with two extra teeth on incisor edge. Labrum weakly constricted at base, anterior margin angulate or pointed medially with very dense setae; labrum separated from clypeus by a deep groove; dorsal surface of labrum and clypeus covered with long golden setae. Frontoclypeal suture angulate; median groove distinct and complete. Antennal tubercles prominent, apex rounded. Antenna 11-segmented, filiform, extending almost to elytral apices; scape long and flat, reaching beyond anterior margin of pronotum; antennomere 3 as long as or slightly shorter than scape, almost twice as long as antennomere 4; antennomeres 5–11 with blunt posterior angles. Eyes large, transverse, coarsely facetted, slightly emarginate near antennal foramen; rather narrowly separated dorsally. Submentum weakly curved at apex, mentum well exposed. Terminal palpomere of maxillary and labial palps weakly expanded and apically truncate. Pronotum transverse, trapezoid with posteri- or margin broader than anterior margin; anterior margin emarginate medially with complete bead; posterior margin with complete bead; lateral margin with rather regular small sharp teeth. Disc surface very densely punctate and matt except for shiny, coarsely and deeply punctate islands consisting of two triangular median areas, two smaller lateral areas and a transverse area in front of the posterior margin. Prosternum covered with fine and deep punctures; hypomeron well-defined, as broad as prosternal process; prosternal process projecting towards mesoventrite, rounded apically. Mesoventral process emarginate at apex. Ventral side of thorax and coxae covered with golden hairs. Metanepisternum weakly constricted at base. Scutellum rounded apically; surface very finely punctate. Elytral surfaces dull covered with irregular coriaceous sculpture; two weak traces of venation often present on basal half of elytra; elytral apices rounded with short sutural spine; epipleuron almost complete, narrowing apically. Legs strong and relatively long; femur sub-parallel, with two rows of sharp spines on ventral side; tibia slender, with spines along outer margin, bearing sensory setae on ventral side apically; each tibia with distinct apical spine and a pair of spurs; tarsi strong; tarsomere 3 moderately lobed; tarsomere 5 shorter than tarsomeres 1 and 2 combined. Abdomen with ventrites 1–4 densely punctate basally with smooth and apparently less sclerotised apical part; ventrite 5 smooth; ventral surface with very sparse setae, but bearing long setae along the edge, and very densely setose on the apex of ventrite 5. Male genitalia ( Fig. 14A ). Tegmen longer than sternite VII; parameres moderately long, 0.16 times length of tegmen, rounded apically with triangular projections at the base; penis as long as tegmen, dorsal apex truncate while ventral apex narrowly rounded.

Female. Antennae usually shorter than in male, only extending to middle of elytra. Pronotal disc shiny, surfaces irregular with very deep and coarse punctures; fine and dense punctures on thorax and abdomen absent. Abdominal ventrite 5 truncate or slightly emarginate at apex. Ovipositor ( Fig. 15D ) long, apical sclerotised part ñ length of baculus; distal gonocoxites relatively short and stout; stylus moderately long, inserted laterally and very close to gonocoxite apex, gradually expanded apically.

Remarks. The genus Agrianome can be distinguished from the remaining genera of the Australian Macrotomini by the large body, pale yellow and slightly transparent elytra with apicosutural angle bearing a long spine, and the antennal scape as long as antennomere 3, and almost twice the length of antennomere 4.

Four species have been recognised in the genus Agrianome . The type species, A. fairmairei (Montrouzier, 1861) was described from New Caledonia, and was later recorded from other islands nearby. A. loriae Gestro, 1893 was described from Papua New Guinea, and Gressitt (1951) reported two specimens from northern Queensland, Australia. A. spinicollis ( Macleay, 1826) was described from intertropical and western coast of Australia, but it was subsequently record- ed from Queensland and New South Wales. A. howei ( Olliff, 1889) stat. nov. originally described from Lord Howe Island was regarded as a subspecies of A. spinicollis since Lameere (1912) and our study confirmed its species level status based on both molecular and morphological evidence.

Figures

Figure 2. Agrianome spp. A–D: A. howei (Olliff); E–H: A. loriae Gestro; I–K: A. spinicollis (Macleay). A, E, I: male, dorsal; B: sexual punctures; C, F, J: male, ventral; D, H, K: female, dorsal; G: antennal scape – antennomere 4, arrow indicates the spines on ventral surface.

Figure 14. Male genitalia, each figure from left to right: tegmen (ventral), tegmen (lateral), penis (ventral). A: Agrianome spinicollis (Macleay); B: Analophus parallelus Waterhouse; C: Anomophysis coxalis (Gahan); D: Archetypus marginatus sp. nov.; E: Brephilydia jejuna (Pascoe); F: Cnemoplites edulis Newman; G: Cryptipus frenchi (Blackburn); H: Eurynassa servillei Thomson; I: Hagrides princeps (Gahan); J: Geoffmonteithia queenslanda Jin, de Keyzer et Ślipiński; K: Hermerius impar Newman; L: Pseudoplites hamali (Lameere).

Figure 15. A–C: male genitalia, each figure from left to right: tegmen (ventral), tegmen (lateral), penis (ventral). A: Teispes insularis (Hope); B: Utra nitida Jordan; C: Xixuthrus microcerus (White). D–R: ovipositor. D: Agrianome spinicollis (Macleay); E: Analophus parallelus Waterhouse; F: Anomophysis coxalis (Gahan); G: Archetypus marginatus sp. nov.; H: Brephilydia jejuna (Pascoe); I: Cnemoplites edulis Newman; J: Cryptipus frenchi (Blackburn); K: Eurynassa servillei Thomson; L: Geoffmonteithia queenslanda Jin, de Keyzer et Ślipiński; M: Hagrides princeps (Gahan); N: Hermerius impar Newman; O: Pseudoplites hamali (Lameere); P: Teispes insularis (Hope); R: Utra nitida Jordan; R: Xixuthrus microcerus (White).

Figure 16. Distribution maps based on specimens examined.