Thaumaleidae, Bezzi, 1913

Sinclair, Bradley J., Pivar, Robert J. & Arnaud, Paul H., 2022, World Catalogue of the family Thaumaleidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha), Zootaxa 5225 (1), pp. 1-66 : 7-10

Family Thaumaleidae

Chenesinae Rondani, 1840 b: 7 [corrected spelling: Chenesiinae - Sabrosky 1999: 84].

Heteroclitae Haliday, 1851: 7 [see Sabrosky (1999: 427) for explanation of authorship]. Sabrosky, 1999: 341 [described group name as artificial family to include Orphnephila and Dixa in synoptic table of the Diptera ]; Walker, 1856: 263 [quotes Haliday (1851), with key to genera].

Orphephilinae [misspelling]. Rondani 1847: 21 [genus spelled correctly in text].

Orphnephilinae : Walker, 1856: 263 [quotes Haliday (1851), with one genus]. Kieffer 1909: 38 [new subfamily of Chironomidae with Orphnephila testacea “Macq. ” as type].

Orphnephilidae Rondani, 1856: 17, 39 [cited “TIP: Fungicolae Macq. - TIP: Culiciformes Haliday; “Unica Stirps LXXV. Orphnephilina ”] Osten Sacken 1878: 23 [catalogue, NE]; Theobald 1892: xii, 15, 20 [diagnosis, one of five genera of Nemocera anomala]; Comstock & Comstock 1895: 424, 449 [key to families of North American Diptera , diagnosis]; Williston 1896: 1, 26 [key to Diptera families, diagnosis]; Howard 1901: 124 [description]; Kertész 1902: 292 [catalogue, World]; Kertész 1903: 159 [catalogue, PA]; Osten Sacken 1903: 203 [characters of aerial Diptera ]; Aldrich 1905: 173 [catalogue, NE]; Wingate 1906: 27, 408 [list of Durham, England Diptera ]; Williston 1908: 153 [description, Manual of North American Diptera ]; Thienemann 1909: 74 [habitat, larval phenology, hygropetric fauna]; Brues & Melander 1915: 62 [key, North American Diptera ]; Malloch 1917: 290 [description of family characters of larva and pupa]; Bischoff 1922: 16 [description of larval head]; Leathers 1922: 48 [larval habitat and feeding habits]; Comstock 1924: 828 [notes that Bezzi (1913) first to use Thaumalea as type genus]; Handlirsch 1925: 969 [key to Diptera families, synonymy, description, diversity]; Séguy 1925: 17 [keys to adults and larvae of non-biting nematocerous Diptera , description of life stages]; Essig 1926: 527 [key, Western North American Diptera ]; Tillyard 1926: 352 [as synonym of Thaumaleidae ]; Imms 1930: 626 [description]; Tuxen 1943: 46 [key to adults and larvae, Denmark]; Wesenberg-Lund 1943: 542 [description]; Bertrand 1955: 394 [morphology]; Whitten 1959: 131 [tracheal system in larval Diptera ]; Morge 1969: 33 [Strobl collection]; Sabrosky 1999: 226 [ Thaumaleidae takes priority].

Orphnephiloidea Hendel, 1936: 1908 [diagnosis]; Wesenberg-Lund 1943: 542 [diagnosis].

Taumaleoidea [misspelling]. Rohdendorf 1947: 758.

Tahumaleidae [misspelling]. Bezzi 1913: 231.

Thaumalaeidae [misspelling]. Labandeira 1994: 45.

Thaumaleidae Bezzi, 1913: 259 [first use of family name]; Tonnoir 1923: 93 [ New Zealand]; Comstock 1924: 788, 828 [key, diagnosis]; Crampton 1925: 61 [adult thoracic morphology, phylogeny]; Tillyard 1926: 352 [nine Australasian species belonging to the genus Thaumalea ]; Edwards 1926: 117 [larval characters, phylogeny]; Edwards & Shannon 1927: 653 [distribution, NT]; Hendel 1928: 61 [adult and larval key]; Edwards 1929: 121 [revision, world Thaumaleidae ]; Lindner 1930: 1 [review, PA]; Edwards & Collin 1932: 264 [first record of family from St. Kilda, Scotland]; Curran 1934: 67 [key to world genera, key to three North American species]; Lutz 1935: 230 [key to families, North America]; Hendel 1936: 1908 [description of adults and immature stages, about 30 world species known]; Séguy 1940: 3 [key to families of Nematocera of France]; Curran 1942: 177 [key to families, North America]; Jaques 1947: 187 [habitat]; Oldroyd 1949: 37 [key to families, Britain]; White 1949: 255 [cytological evidence on classification of Nematocera ]; Hennig 1950: 190 [summary of knowledge on immature stages]; Séguy 1950: 485 [phenology]; Séguy 1951a: 113 [description]; Séguy 1951b: 625 [credited family name to de Meijere, 1917, family described]; Brues et al. 1954: 315 [keys to world families of adult and larval Diptera ]; Borror & Delong 1955: 566 [key to Diptera families, solitary midges, summary]; Séguy 1955: 65 [family included in Psychodoidea]; Hinton 1955: 473 [larval locomotion]; Clements 1956: 432 [antennal pulsating organ absent in both sexes of T. testacea ]; Vaillant 1956: 43 [11 species listed as part of madicolous fauna of France, Corsica and North Africa]; Wirth & Stone 1956: 438 [summary, key to genera, North American]; White 1957: 78 [chiasmata in Nematocera ]; Hinton 1958: 249 [nature and metamorphosis of the colour pattern of Thaumalea ]; Paramonov 1959: 170 [biogeography:AU]; Hinton 1960: 347 [chromatocytes in larvae]; Hennig 1960: 247 ( 1966: 21) [biogeography, New Zealand]; Peterson 1960: 224 [larval key to families]; Vaillant 1960: 8 [insects of madicolous habitats and affects of modification]; Tietz 1963: 43 [key, North American insects, common name solitary midges, figures of antenna and wing]; Stone 1965: 120 [catalogue, NE]; Stone 1966: 1 [catalogue, NT]; Vaillant 1967: 395 [Limnofauna Europaea]; Wray 1967:72 [checklist, North Carolina]; McAlpine & Munroe 1968: 1167 [morphology]; Colyer 1968: 86 [key to families of the British Isles ]; Cole 1969: 85 [key, western North American species]; Stackelberg 1969: 245 [key to European USSR species]; Colless & McAlpine 1970: 693 [synopsis, Australia]; Borror & White 1970: 266 [synopsis, North America]; Hennig 1973: 27 [systematic placement of family, morphology]; Schmid 1973: 344 [catalogue, OR]; White 1973: 488 [chiasmata in spermatogenesis]; Rohdendorf 1974: 58 [systematic placement of family]; Hutson 1975: 9 [checklist, British insects ]; Arnaud 1977: 284 [review of biology, diversity, world]; Saether 1977: 11 [female terminalia]; Cummins et al. 1978: 276 [ecology, distribution, larval Diptera , North America]; Merritt & Schlinger 1978: 263 [adult key to families of aquatic Diptera , North America]; Teskey 1978: 247 [larval key to families of aquatic Diptera ,North America]; Vaillant 1978b:459 [European Limnofauna]; McAlpine 1979: 390 [census of Canadian Diptera ]; Peterson 1979: 400 [adults, ecology, diversity in Canada]; Craig & Borkent 1980: 2268 [maxillary palpal sensilla]; Rozkošný 1980: 298 [diagnosis, larval key to genera]; Stuckenberg 1980: 149 [catalogue, AF]; Theischinger 1980: 240 [OLL type catalogue]; Hennig 1981: 423 [family phylogeny]; Hinton 1981: 85 [cited Mandaron (1963) in reference to oviposition]; Ferrington 1981: 86 [family key to larvae]; McAlpine 1981a: 12 [morphology]; McAlpine 1981b: 89 [key to families, North America]; McCafferty & Provonsha 1981: 287 [aquatic Diptera ]; Stone & Peterson 1981: 351 [family diagnosis, key, North America, figures of adult, wings, larva]; Teskey 1981a: 81 [larval morphology]; Teskey 1981b: 127 [key to larvae, North America]; Williams 1981: 1221, 1223 [overview, aquatic insects of Australia]; Zwick 1981: 1185 [biogeography]; Bickel 1982: 568 [diagnosis, diversity]; Bock 1982: 1108 [classification]; Dudley &Anderson 1982: 17 [facultatively associated with wood debris]; Vaillant 1982: 420 [male genitalic homologies]; Webb & Brigham 1982: 11.48 [life history]; Lichtwardt & Moss 1984: 512 [fungal symbionts in thaumaleid larvae]; Arnett 1985: 643 [diagnosis, key to families, North America]; Hackman & Väisänen 1985: 171 [costal chaetotaxy]; Blech & Rohlfien 1987: 214 [SDEI type catalogue]; Bushnell et al. 1987: 506 [habitats, Colorado]; Lounibos et al. 1987a: 196 [habitat, bromeliads]; Lounibos et al. 1987b: 224, 228 [mosquito larvae reduce abundance of larval Thaumaleidae ( Thaumaleidae are misidentified Ceratopogonidae - fide W.W. Wirth who studied specimens at Arnaud’s request)]; Martinovský & Rozkošný 1988: 187 [catalogue, PA]; Winterbourn & Gregson 1989: 58 [key to aquatic larvae, New Zealand]; Wood & Borkent 1989: 1359 [ Nematocera phylogeny]; Borkent & McKeever 1990: 219 [larval proleg, phylogeny of Culicomorpha ]; Kovalev 1990: 124 [fossil, phylogenetic discussion]; Colless & McAlpine 1991: 747 [synopsis, Australia]; Foote 1991: 755 [description of larva, biology, North America]; Teskey 1991: 706 [key to larvae, North America]; Schumann 1992: 104 [assigned to superfamily Thaumaleoidea , diversity, Germany]; Sinclair 1992: 491 [male genitalic homologies]; Williams & Feltmate 1992: 78 [list of families of aquatic Diptera ]; Matile 1993: 204 [ Diptera of Western Europe]; Krzemińska et al. 1993: 581 [family assigned to Axymyiomorpha based on wing venation]; Duxbury & Barraclough 1994: 31 [conservation status]; Palmer et al. 1994: 343 [larval habitat, southern Africa]; Smith 1994: 256 [CNC type catalogue]; Oosterbroek & Courtney 1995: 279 [ Nematocera phylogeny]; Courtney, Merritt & Teskey et al. 1996: 491 [key to larvae, aquatic Diptera , North America]; Courtney, Merritt & Cummins et al. 1996: 540 [ecology, distribution, larval Diptera , North America]; Merritt et al. 1996: 519 [key to pupae of aquatic Diptera ]; Pawlowski et al. 1996: 168 [ Culicomorpha phylogeny]; Poole 1996: 307 [checklist, NE]; Santamaría & Girbal 1997: 220 [Trichomycetes]; Wagner 1997b: 187 [diagnosis, habitats, morphology, keys, North Europe]; Wagner 1997c: 325 [Manual of Palaearctic Diptera ]; Chandler 1998: 51 [checklist, British Isles ]; Haupt & Haupt 1998: 122 [diagnosis]; Hughes et al. 1998: 15 [checklist, Madeiran freshwater macroinvertebrates]; Oosterbroek 1998: 68 [Malay Archipelago]; ICZN 1999: 46 [discussion of Thaumaleidae vs. Orphnephilidae]; Sabrosky 1999: 304 [established priority in family names]; Martinovský & Barták 2000: 121 [fauna of industrially affected region, Czech Republic]; Moulton 2000: 106 [molecular support as sister to Simuliidae ]; Saether 2000: 223 [ Culicomorpha phylogeny]; Sinclair 2000: 171 [immature stages, parasitism, phylogenetic affinities]; Hilsenhoff 2001: 697 [diagnosis, habits, key to aquatic families]; Lichtwardt et al. 2001: 765 [fungal symbionts in thaumaleid larvae]; Macfarlane & Andrew 2001: 35 [diversity, New Zealand]; Walker 2001: 50 [head capsule from lake sediments]; Wagner 2002: 41 [species of Europe, descriptions, distributions, keys]; Day et al. 2003: 46 [freshwater Diptera , southern Africa]; Theischinger 2004: 669 [introduction to Thaumaleidae , general biology, not yet known from Malaysian region]; White & Lichtwardt 2004: 901 [fungal symbionts in thaumaleid larvae]; Cranston 2005: 289 [biogeography]; Ferrington et al. 2005: 255 [Trichomycetes]; Grimaldi & Engel 2005: 498 [phylogeny, fossils]; Gullen & Cranston 2005: 197 [ Diptera classification]; Ševčik et al. 2005: 97 [fauna, Podyjí National Park, Czech Republic]; Yeates & Wiegmann 2005: 18 [ Diptera classification]; Marshall 2006: 392 [photographs, family ecology]; Oosterbroek 2006: 167 [European families of Diptera ]; White et al. 2006: 340 [Trichomycetes in larval gut]; Lencioni et al. 2007: 123 [macroinvertebate assemblage]; Salmela et al. 2007: 37 [diversity, Finnish wetland]; Sinclair et al. 2007: 725 [male genital tract]; Yeates et al. 2007: 569 [ Diptera classification, phylogeny]; Bertone et al. 2008: 674 [ Nematocera phylogeny]; Borkent et al. 2008: 626 [mating position, genitalia not rotated]; Courtney et al. 2008: 752 [ecology, distribution, larval Diptera , North America]; Papp & F̂ldvári 2008a: 180 [diversity, Hungary]; Papp & F̂ldvári 2008b: 370 [diversity, Hungary]; Papp et al. 2008: 262 [diversity, Hungary]; Sinclair 2008b: 292 [biogeography, phylogeny, New Caledonia]; Strongman & White 2008: 1450 [Trichomycetes in gut of larvae]; Wagner et al. 2008: 498, 502, 507 [notes on diversity, distribution, biology, biogeography & phylogenetic affinities]; Courtney et al. 2009: 188, 189, 205 [larval biology, family diversity]; Chandler 2010a: 4 [classification]; Chandler 2010b: 28 [diversity, Britian]; Macfarlane et al. 2010: 319 [biodiversity, New Zealand]; Pape et al. 2011: 223 [ Diptera classification]; Wiegmann et al. 2011: 5692 [ Diptera phylogeny]; Bernotienë & Viđinskienë 2012: 30 [first record from Lithuania]; Borkent 2012: 27 [pupae, Culicomorpha phylogeny]; Craig et al. 2012: 15 [ Culicomorpha phylogeny]; Marshall 2012: 120 [photographs, review, key to family]; Lock 2013: 160 [fauna of Flanders, Belgium, biology, water quality requirements]; Weber 2013: 386 [railway tunnels, Luxembourg]; Kahanpää2014:7 [one Finland species]; Kemp et al.2014:144 [macroinvertebrate assemblage]; Schneeberg & Beutel 2014: 3 [adult and larval head structures]; Shimabukuro et al. 2015: 578 [eumadicolous, new collecting trap with potential for collecting thaumaleids]; Borkent & Sinclair 2017: 364 [key to larvae of Afrotropical Diptera families]; Haubrock et al.2017:523 [molecular phylogeny, phylogeography and genetic structure of European species]; Borkent 2018: 6 [no intrafamiliar phylogeny known]; Kutty et al. 2018: 1 [whole-transcriptome shotgun phylogeny of Culicomorpha , Thaumaleidae + Simuliidae is sister group to Culicoidea]; Pinho & Heurta 2018: 719 [NT Thaumaleidae ]; Sinclair 2018: 1271 [Japanese fauna]; Adler & Courtney 2019: 2 [aquatic Diptera ]; Zhang et al. 2019 [ Culicomorpha phylogeny based on mitochondrial genomes]; Pivar et al. 2020: 512 [South America Austrothaumalea , keys to genera and species]; Pivar et al. 2021: 52 [South America Niphta , revision, new immature morphotype]; Lonsdale 2021: 6 [19 Schmid type, biography of Fernand Schmid].

Thaumalidae [misspelling]. Dyar & Shannon 1924: 432.

Thaumaliidae [misspelling]. McAlpine & Munroe 1968: 1167.

Thaumaleoidea : Hendel 1936: 1908 [contains only one family Thaumaleidae ].

Thaumauleidae [misspelling]. Edwards & Shannon 1927: 653.

Genus AFROTHAUMALEA Stuckenberg

Afrothaumalea Stuckenberg, 1960: 107 . Type-species: Afrothaumalea pamelae Stuckenberg by original designation. Stuckenberg 1961: 409 [review, relationship to Austrothaumalea ]; Vaillant 1963: 26 [distribution]; Hennig 1973: 27 [distribution]; Martinovský & Rozkošný 1976: 187 [review, one of six valid world genera]; Arnaud 1977: 284 [diversity]; Stuckenberg 1980: 149 [catalogue, AF]; Bickel 1982: 568 [distribution]; Theischinger 1986: 291, 316 [review, compared with Austrothaumalea and Niphta ]; McLellan 1988: 563, 575 [revision, affinities of Southern Hemisphere genera]; Peterson & Theischinger 1989: 219 [catalogue, AU]; Peterson et al. 1989 [review, discussion of number of flagellomeres]; Duxbury & Barraclough 1994: 31 [conservation status]; Sinclair & Stuckenberg 1995: 210 [revision]; Sinclair 2000:175 [comparison of larvae]; Sinclair & Saigusa 2002: 181 [revision, phylogeny]; Sinclair 2008a: 1 [review, affinities to Niphta ]; Sinclair 2008b: 292 [comparison of Southern Hemisphere genera]; Sinclair 2015: 164 [key]; Sinclair 2017: 729 [Manual of Afrotropical Diptera ]; Pivar & Pinho et al. 2018: 481, 493 [revision, phylogenetic relationship with Neothaumalea , key].