Chrysonotomyia madhucae Singh, 2022

Singh, Sudhir, Kumar, Arvind & Kaneria, Manish, 2022, Description of five new eulophid species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with leaf vein galls of Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig) (Sapotaceae) in India, Zootaxa 5129 (1), pp. 1-36 : 26-31

5. Chrysonotomyia madhucae Singh sp. nov.

( Figs 90–107 )

Diagnosis. FEMALE: Body dorsally orange yellow with brown markings, laterally with 3 flashy white areas—on lateral side of pronotum, metacoxa and spot covering lateral sides of Gt1 and Gt2. Head, triangular; toruli placed on lower part of the face, on a line joining the lower margins of the eyes, about twice their length from clypeal margin; inner margin of eye, in parascrobal area, lined with about 18 translucent setae. Antennal scape not extending beyond vertex; with 3 anelli; funicle 2-segmented, both funicle segments twice as long as wide, F1 longer than both pedicel and F2; club 3-segmented, 1.2× as long as funicle; terminal spine 0.6× as long as length of remainder of C3 (26: 41), without apical seta, but with 2 small setae on the sides. Forewing infuscated at the middle; marginal vein 1.5× as long as costal cell, 6.1× as long as stigmal vein; postmarginal vein clearly longer than stigmal vein.

MALE: Similar to female; body pale yellow with brown markings, laterally without flashy white areas.Antenna with 2 anelli; apical seta present.

Description. FEMALE ( Figs 90–99 ). Body size 1.56 ± 0.88 mm (freshly killed in alcohol, n = 15, range 1.40 to 1.70 mm). Holotype 1.70 mm (Card-mounted).

Color/Sculpture. Body ( Figs 90, 91 ) dorsally orange yellow with light brown patches on mesosoma and gaster; antennal scape basally, pronotum and Gt1-3 laterally and legs white.

Head with frontovertex and upper face orange yellow, lower face and area behind eyes yellow. Vertex with reticulate sculpture; 4 horizontal rows of dark brown stout setae with black basal insertions ( Fig. 92 )—first row with 2 pairs of longer setae on the occipital margin; second row with 2 pairs of short setae, one on either side, behind lateral ocellus; third row of 5 setae between median and lateral ocellus, seta in front of lateral ocellus stronger than the rest; fourth row with 2 pairs at anterior margin of frontovertex. Eyes red, setose, setae on ventral side silvery white and longer than those on dorsal half; inner margins of eyes, in parascrobal area, lined with about 18 translucent setae ( Fig. 97 ). Clypeus with a pair of setae. Mandibles with brown dentition, tri-dentate, upper 2 smaller than the lower. Antenna with scape yellow (except basal part which is white), pedicel and flagellum light brown. Mesosoma ( Figs 90, 91, 94 , 99 ), pronotum dorsally with light brown patch at middle of the posterior half, spreading to whole margin posteriorly; flashy white laterally, beyond the lateral setae; posterior margin with 4 translucent setae with darker insertion points; reticulately sculptured, cells small about one-third the size of cells on the anterior part of mesoscutum. Mesoscutum dorsally mainly light brown, with spot just behind the lateral ends of pronotum and lateral lobes yellow, with light green reflections; reticulately sculptured; with one pair of stout translucent setae with dark brown insertion points at the central two-thirds, some specimens with black setae; notauli short; lateral lobes adjoining tegula with 2 or rarely 3 black setae. Axillae dorsally with a central brown spot, inner margin with a translucent seta. Scutellum with a longitudinal brown spot at the middle of basal half, which diffuses posteriorly and merges with light brown suffusion on the distal half; sculpture smaller and deeper than that on mesoscutum; with a pair of long translucent setae behind middle. Lower mesepimeron dark brown, upper mesepimeron light brown. Posterior half of lateral panel of metanotum dark brown. Propodeum medially light brown, with a dark brown patch between median brown area and spiracle; with lateral and posterior margin yellow except dark brown adpetiolar area; without any sculpture or carinae, callus with a pair of long translucent setae on lateral side of spiracles. Legs white with white setae, pro- meso- and metacoxae and metafemora with about 10, 4, 50 and 15 brownish setae with dark insertion points; postero-lateral faces of femora light brown and distally with a stout seta with dark insertion point; mesotibia basally with two stout setae with brown insertions; tarsi with brownish tinge; pretarsi light brown. Forewings ( Fig. 95 ) hyaline with light brown infuscation below three-fifths of marginal and stigmal veins. Veins light brown, SMV with 2, marginal vein with 12 long dorsal setae. Cubital setal line meets short basal setal line, separating speculum from open basal cell. Area between postmarginal and stigmal veins bare. Gaster ( Fig.91 ) with 3 dark brown to black transverse bands in the middle; Gt1 basally light brown, flashy white on lateral sides; anterior half of lateral side of Gt2 flashy white; distal margin of Gt3, both basal and distal margins of Gt4-5 and basal margin of Gt6 with dark brown markings which overlap to form three dark brown to black transverse bands. Posterior margins of Gt1-5 with 4, 10, 14, 20 and 20 setae, respectively; Gt5 with a second row of 9-10 setae and Gt6 completely setose. Ovipositor sheaths black.

Structure. Head 1.2× as wide as mesosoma ( Fig. 91 ); in frontal view ( Fig. 97 ) 1.3× as wide as high (443: 348), 2.9× as wide as frontovertex (443: 150); frontovertex at narrowest point (anterior ocellus level) 2.5× as wide as interantennal distance; malar space 0.4× as long as eye length (93: 250), mouth 1.8× as wide as malar space (165: 93); toruli placed lower on face, about twice their length from clypeal margin, placed on a line joining the lower margins of the eyes. In dorsal view, head ( Fig. 92 ) 1.6× as wide as long (443: 270); POL 3× OOL (61: 20). Antenna ( Figs 93 , 98 ) with scape curved at base, 5.6× as long as wide (180: 32); pedicel about 1.7× as long as wide (64: 38); with 3 lamelliform anelli; funicle 2-segmented; F1 slightly longer than pedicel, 2× as long as wide (71: 35), F2 clearly longer than F1, 2× as long as wide (75: 36). Club 3-segmented, 1.2× as long as funicle (174: 143); C1 and C2, each 1.8× as long as wide (55: 30, 50: 27), C3 longest, acute and cone-like, 3.7× as long as wide (length includes terminal spine) (67: 18); terminal spine 0.6× as long as remainder of C3 (26: 41), without apical seta, with 2 small setae on the sides—one near the tip and another near middle.

Mesosoma ( Figs 94 , 99 ) 1.7× as long as wide. Pronotum about 0.2× as long as mesoscutum (51: 259). Mesoscutum 1.6× as wide as long (407: 259). Scutellum clearly wider than long (235: 218), about 0.8× as long as mesoscutum, about 7× dorsellum length; Propodeum medially 1.5× as long as dorsellum. Forewing ( Fig. 95 ) 2.3× as long as wide (1132: 486); marginal vein 1.5× as long as costal cell (418: 269), 6.1× as long as stigmal vein; postmarginal vein clearly longer than stigmal vein (73: 68).

Gaster ( Fig. 91 ) as wide as mesosoma; 1.1× as long as mesosoma; petiole indistinct; hypopygium reaching about middle of gaster ( Fig. 90 ). Ovipositor narrowly longer than gaster length; exserted part of ovipositor sheaths 0.3× as long as postcercale ( Fig. 96 ).

MALE ( Figs 99–107 ). Body size 1.08 ± 0.10 mm (freshly killed in alcohol, n = 15, range 0.91 to 1.26 mm).

Color/Sculpture. Body color lighter than female, lemon yellow; lateral bright white spots absent. Legs without any suffusion.

Structure. Head 1.2× as wide as mesosoma ( Fig. 103 ); in frontal view ( Fig. 100 ) 1.2× as wide as high (356: 291), 2.7× as wide as frontovertex (356: 136); malar space about 0.4× as long as eye length (78: 193), mouth 1.9× as wide as malar space (148: 78); toruli placed lower on face, about twice their length from clypeal margin, placed on a line joining the lower margins of the eyes. In dorsal view, head 1.7× as wide as long (356: 214); POL 4× OOL. Antenna ( Figs 98 , 104 ), scape curved at base, 4.9× as long as wide (152: 31); pedicel about 1.7× as long as wide (55: 32); with 2 lamelliform anelli; funicle 2-segmented; F1 1.3× as long as pedicel, 1.9× as long as wide (71: 37), F2 clearly longer than F1, 2.2× as long as wide (76: 34). Club 3-segmented, 1.4× as long as funicle (205: 147); C1 2× and C2 1.9× as long as wide (65: 31, 58: 31); C3 longest, acute cone like, 4.1× as long as wide (length includes terminal spine) (79: 19); terminal spine 0.4× as long as remainder of C3 (24: 55), apical seta 0.7× as long as terminal spine.

Mesosoma ( Figs 101 , 103 ) 1.8× as long as wide. Pronotum about 0.2× as long as mesoscutum (45: 178). Mesoscutum 1.6× as wide as long (288: 178). Scutellum clearly longer than wide (179: 166), about as long as mesoscutum, about 6× dorsellum length; propodeum medially 1.65× as long as dorsellum. Forewing ( Fig. 105 ) 2× as long as wide (452: 217); marginal vein 1.4× as long as costal cell (157: 112), 4× as long as stigmal vein; postmarginal vein 0.6× as long as stigmal vein (24: 39).

Gaster 1.2× as long as mesosoma; genitalia ( Figs 106, 107 ), aedeagus as long as phallobase length (254), phallobase 2.7× as long as wide (257: 95), digitus with one long digital spine; paramere 1.2× as long as digitus (61: 50).

Variation. There is variation in size for both sexes. No color variations were observed in the specimens.

Material examined. Holotype: ♀, card mounted; INDIA: Uttarakhand, Dehradun, New Forest ; 31.i.2017; Sudhir Singh ; ex. galls of Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) (Sapotaceae) . Deposited in NFIC-FRI, Accession No. H-22041.

Paratypes: 131 ♀, 44 ♂, same data as holotype ; 69 ♀ and 22 ♂ on 15 cards; 2♀ and 2♂ dissected and mounted on two slides; 60♀ and 42♂ whole mounted on a slide; NFIC-FRI, Accession No. P-22041 .

Host. Associate of gall on Madhuca longifolia , perhaps parasitoid of Selitrichodes madhucae sp. nov.

Distribution. India: Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand.

Etymology. Named after the associated tree genus Madhuca .

Comments. Chrysonotomyia madhucae looks similar to Australian species C. picta ( Bouček 1988) on the basis of lateral white spots but differs from it on the basis of following characters (characters in brackets are those of C. picta ):

Female: Frontovertex dorsally with sides almost parallel (converging forward to short blunt frontal crest), frontovertex width at posterior end 1.2× width at anterior end (frontovertex width at posterior end 1.7× anterior width); anterior margin of frontovertex 3× the diameter of median ocellus (2×); anterior ocellus normally directed upwards, 1.5× its diameter from eye (directed forward, its own diameter from eye); POL 3x OOL (1.7x); malar grooves deep and distinct (indistinct); eye 2.7× as high as malar space (4.6×). Antenna with scape curved at basal third (straight); scape 2.2× as long as flagellum plus pedicel length (2.0×); pedicel distinctly shorter than F1 (longer). Median part of mesoscutum at posterior third with one pair of conspicuous stout setae (inconspicuous short setae). Cubital setal line meet short basal setal line separating speculum from open basal cell (basal setal line absent so cubital setal line does not meet it and speculum is not separated from basal cell). Scape yellow (white); gaster with Gt1 and Gt2 laterally flashy white (laterally hind margin of Gt1 white).

In the keys given by Parshuram &Agnihotri (2017) and Jamali (2018) the present species runs to C. postmarginaloides (Saraswat) but differs from it on the basis of following characters (characters given in brackets are those of C. postmarginaloides ):

Female. Lateral sides of pronotum beyond the lateral setae, lateral side of Gt1 and anterior half of lateral Gt2 with prominent bright white spots (no such white spots). Head with frontovertex at narrowest point at anterior ocellus level 2.5× as wide as interantennal distance (3×); torulo-clypeal margin distance almost equal to interantennal distance (3.5×); inner eye margin in parascrobal area lined with about 18 translucent setae, malar sulcus deep and prominently visible (parascrobal area with fewer setae, malar sulcus absent or very indistinct; see Figs 7, 8 in Gumovsky 2001). Scape ventral margin convex over basal half (convex over basal third); pedicel as long as F1 and slightly shorter than F2 (pedicel longer than F1 and equal to F2); F1 and F2 each 2× as long as wide, though F2 slightly longer than F1 (F1 1.5× and F2 2× as long as wide; see Fig. C in Khan & Shafee 1982; Figs 7, 8 in Gumovsky 2001).

Male. Scape 4.9 × as long as wide (5.7×); F1 1.3× as long as pedicel (0.6×), F1 1.9× as long as wide (1.5). Marginal vein 6.5× as long as postmarginal (5.3×), 4× as long as stigmal vein (5.6×) (see Fig. 206 in Jamali 2018).

Figures

FIGURES 90–96. Chrysonotomyia madhucae Singh sp. nov., female: 90, body in lateral view; 91, body in dorsal view; 92, head in dorsal view; 93, antenna; 94, mesosoma in dorsal view; 95, forewing; 96, ovipositor.

FIGURES 97–102. Chrysonotomyia madhucae Singh sp. nov. 97–99, female: 97, head in frontal view; 98, mesosoma in dorsal view; 99; antenna. 100–102, male: 100, head in frontal view; 101, mesosoma in dorsal view; 102, antenna.

FIGURES 103–107. Chrysonotomyia madhucae Singh sp. nov., male: 103, body in dorsal view; 104, antenna; 105, forewing; 106; genitalia; 107, distal part of genitalia showing digitus spines.

FIGURES 6–11. Selitrichodes madhucae Singh & Kaneria sp. nov., female: 6, dorsal body view showing color variations among the specimens; 7, dorsal view of head; 8, latero-ventral view of head; 9, frontal view of head, in wet condition after KOH treatment; 10, posterior view of head, in wet condition after KOH treatment; 11, antenna.