Sarinda contraluz Hagopián & Bustamante, 2024

Hagopián, Damián, Bustamante, Abel A., Laborda, Álvaro & Simó, Miguel, 2024, Two new species of Sarinda Peckham & Peckham, 1892, with an update on Sarindini in Uruguay (Araneae: Salticidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 925 (1), pp. 100-134 : 112-122

Sarinda contraluz Hagopián & Bustamante sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A57C501C-8E3E-4D0B-B47A-8FF1C8DBF1DA

Figs 13–24 , 33

Diagnosis

Among Sarinda with shorter embolus (less than 2T compared with S. armata Peckham & Peckham , l892, S. hentzi (Banks, 1903) , S. cutleri (Richman, 1965) , S. imitans Galiano, 1965 ), males of S. contraluz Hagopián & Bustamante sp. nov. resemble those of S. imitans by having a mastidion on the male chelicera (see Fig. 22A ) and by the shape of the RTA ( Figs 17C , 18B, 18D ), but can be distinguished from those of S. imitans by having a developed RvTA and a shorter pedipalp tibia, a longer embolus that arises at 5:30 (8: 30 in S. imitans , see Galiano 1967: 30, fig. 11), by having a more rounded tegulum ( Figs 16–18 ), and for the retromarginal teeth more developed, not so close to each other, and with the distal one larger than the others (compare Fig 15C with Galiano 1967: fig. 12). Among Sarinda with two pairs of spermathecae, females of S. contraluz resemble those of S. imitans by having a membranous portion of the copulatory ducts with less than three turns (two to three in S. imitans , see Galiano 1965: 289, fig. 8; two turns in S. contraluz ), but can be distinguished by having more developed and longer copulatory ducts and the internal duct connecting the secondary spermatheca with the primary is less spiraled (two to three in S. imitans , see Galiano 1965: 294, fig. 3; two in S. contraluz see Figs 16–17 , 19 ).

Etymology

The specific name is a compound noun in apposition that means ‘backlighting’ in Spanish, because of the presence of the thin transparent-white setae on the abdomen of the species, which can be observed more clearly at backlighting.

Type material

Holotype

URUGUAY • ♂; Montevideo, Melilla; 34.73250° S, 56.32083° W; 5 Nov. 2022; D. Hagopián and A. Mailhos leg.; collected with G-Vac vacuum in Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Asch. & Graebn. ( Poaceae ); FCE-Ar 10509 .

Paratype

URUGUAY • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; FCE-Ar 13968 .

Other material examined

URUGUAY. – Canelones • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Barra de Carrasco; 34.87700° S, 56.02278° W: 10 Dec. 2005; Maddison, Ruiz, Simó, Rodriguez and Laborda leg.; WPM#05-049 ; UBCZ. – Lavalleja • 1 ♀; Sierra de Minas, Parque de Vacaciones ; 34.42583° S, 55.19500° W; 5–8 Dec. 2005; W. Maddison, G. Ruiz, M. Simó and M.E. Rodriguez leg.; WPM#05-046 ; UBCZ. – Montevideo • 1 ♂; Carrasco ; 34.87972° S, 56.03056° W; 9 Oct. 2022; D. Hagopián and A. Mailhos leg.; FCE-Ar 13925 • 3 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂; same locality as for preceding; 19 Nov. 2022; A. Mailhos leg; FCE-Ar 13981 • 8 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; FCE-Ar 13968 • 1 ♂ same locality as for holotype; 20 Nov. 2022; D. Hagopián leg.; FCE-Ar 11414 . – Rivera • 1 ♂; Cofusa; 30.99861° S, 55.67500° W; 23 Nov. 2021; A. Mailhos leg.; in Paspalum sp. ( Poaceae ) on a truncated hill; FCE-Ar 13791 .

Description

Male (holotype FCE-Ar 10509)

COLOR. Carapace black with scales on back of cephalic constriction, abdomen as carapace, with thin transparent-white setae all over ( Fig. 13B, D, F ). Ventrally black, sternum shown in Fig. 21D . Spinnerets dark brown. Palps brown. Legs I ventrally and dorsally yellowish, with lateral sides brown. Legs II as legs I, being brown only in prolateral side. Legs III with coxae, trochanter, femur and patella brown, tibiae, metatarsus and tarsus as legs I. Leg IV darker, with yellowish coxa, trochanter and patella, rest of articles dark brown ( Figs 13B, D, F , 14A–C , 15A ). Trichobothria present in metatarsus of leg I as shown in Fig. 21E.

MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.460. Carapace length 2.156, width 1.168, height 0.869. AME diameter 0.352. Ocular quadrangle length 1.00. Anterior eye row width 1.062. Posterior eye row width 1.106. Abdomen length 2.079. Chelicera paturon light brown with four promarginal teeth (distal one being bigger) and three retromarginal teeth (distal one being bigger) ( Figs 15A, C , 22 ). Dorsal mastidion at middle of base of claw ( Fig. 22A ). Setae white and scarce, being mostly at base of paturon ( Figs 15A , 22 ).

LEGS. Leg I: femur 1.024, patella 0.440, tibia 1.142, metatarsus 0.643, tarsus 0.369; II: fe 0.847, pa 0.317, ti 0.661, mt 0.651, ta 0.229; III: fe 0.869, pa 0.373, ti 0.662, mt 0.606, ta 0.400; IV: fe 1.303, pa 0.502, ti 1.162, mt 1.036, ta 0.328. Leg formula 4132. Leg macrosetae: femur and patella I–IV d0, p0, r0, v0; tibia I v2-2-2-2-2, II v1r-1r-1r-1r, III v2ap, p0-1-0, IV v2ap; metatarsus I–II v2-2, III v2-2-0, p 2ap, r 1v-2ap; IV v2-2, p 1ap, r 1-0-1.

PALP. Tibia longer than wide; RTA bifurcated, curved ventrally, longer than RvTA. RvTA like a lump, embolus simple, fixed to tegulum, arising ventrally (6:00) (280°) ( Figs 17A–D , 18 ).

Female (paratype FCE-Ar 13968)

COLOR. As in male ( Figs 13C, E, G , 14D–F , 15B ). Modified scales present on constriction between cephalic and thoracic regions ( Fig. 21A–C ).

MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.68. Carapace length 2.13, width 1.00, height 0.78. anterior median eye diameter 0.36. Ocular quadrangle length 0.88. Anterior eye row width 1.0. Posterior eye row width 1.07. Abdomen length 2.32.

LEGS. Leg I: femur 1.10, patella 0.49, tibia 1.07, metatarsus 0.65, tarsus 0.38. II: fe 0.68, pa 0.41, ti 0.65, mt 0.46, ta 0.31. III: fe 0.94, pa 0.45, ti 0.69, mt 0.60, ta 0.34. IV: fe 1.19, pa 0.54, ti 1.21, mt 1.05, ta 0.43. Leg formula 4132. Leg macrosetae: femur and patella I–IV d0, p0, r0, v0; tibia I v2-2-2-2-2, II v1r-1r-1r, III d0, p0, v0, IV v2ap; metatarsus I–II v2-2, III v2ap-1p, p 1ap, r 1ap; IV v0-0-2, p 1ap, r 2ap.

PALP. Tibiae wider than tarsus, with saber-like setae ( Fig. 20 ). Chelicerae paturon with four promarginal teeth, three retromarginal teeth on right and four on left chelicerae ( Fig. 15D ).

EPIGYNE. Atrium slightly sclerotized with narrow copulatory openings. Posterior margin bilobated, septum with slightly blunt projection ( Figs 16E , 17E , 19A ). Spermatheca can be seen through cuticle, posterior ones being bigger. Internally, primary spermatheca touching each other connected with slightly spiraled duct to secondary spermatheca, being more separated and with wider wall. Pore of Bennett’s gland situated apically. Internal gland thin and sinuous, reaching middle distance between spermathecae. Copulatory ducts membranous with two turns before connecting with secondary spermatheca ( Figs 17F , 19B–D ).

SPINNERETS. Anterior lateral spinnerets with piriform glands and major ampullate glands, posterior median spinnerets with aciniform and minor ampullate glands, and posterior lateral spinnerets with aciniform glands ( Fig. 24 ).

Variation

Males (n = 10)

Total length (3.66–4.91), prosoma (1.87–2.46), abdomen (1.79–2.45), leg I (3.14–4.11), leg II (1.99– 2.82), leg III (2.23–2.74), leg IV (3.47–4.67). Cheliceral teeth variation: four teeth in promargin, three in retromargin (n = 8, in one case the apical tooth of promargin was bifurcated, and in another two cases the apical tooth of retromargin was bifurcated); four teeth in promargin, three in the retromargin of right chelicera and two in the left (n = 1); four teeth in promargin (apical tooth bifurcated), three in the retromargin of right chelicera and four in left (n = 1).

Females (n = 4)

Total length (4.21–4.43), prosoma (2.08–2.20), abdomen (2.09–2.23), leg I (2.71–3.40), leg II (2.12– 2.65), leg III (2.35–2.73), leg IV (4.04–4.47). Cheliceral teeth variation on margins: four teeth in promargin and three in retromargin (n = 2); four teeth in promargin, four in retromargin of right chelicera and three in left (n= 1); four teeth in promargin and four in retromargin (n = 1).

Natural history

This species was found primarily in Cortaderia selloana (Schult.& Schult.f.)Asch.& Graebn. in grasslands, collected by hand and G-Vac vacuum.It has been observed on sunny days in spring in the same foraging places as the ant Camponotus termitarius . In the laboratory, specimens were fed different species of Drosophila . Specimens of this species were recorded lifting the first pair of the legs and moving the pedipalps and the abdomen up and down when walking (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_509xPe4zo). The courtship was recorded, during which the male lifts the first pair of the legs and moves sideways while approaching the female (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MduAXl0r7wo). Also, the mounting position of one couple was recorded, in which the receptive female lowered its body and the male inserted the left pedipalp, showing the ejaculation pulses as the spines of the legs rose (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tM-QHw44ajE).

Distribution

Known from Uruguay (Canelones, Lavalleja, Montevideo and Rivera) ( Fig. 33 ).

Figures

Fig. 13. Sarinda contraluz Hagopián & Bustamante sp. nov., photographs in vivo A. Site where the species was collected. B, D, F. Male. C, E, G. Female.

Fig. 14. Sarinda contraluz Hagopián & Bustamante sp. nov., habitus. A–C. Holotype, ♂ (FCE-Ar 10509). D–F. Paratype, ♀ (FCE-Ar 13968). A, D. Dorsal view. B, E. Lateral view. C, F. Ventral view.

Fig. 15. Sarinda contraluz Hagopián & Bustamante sp. nov., face and chelicera. A, C. Holotype, ♂ (FCE-Ar 10509). B, D. Paratype, ♀ (FCE-Ar 13968). A–B. Face. C–D. Chelicera.

Fig. 16. Sarinda contraluz Hagopián & Bustamante sp. nov., photographs of genitalia. A–D. Holotype, ♂ (FCE-Ar 10509), pedipalp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C. Dorsal view. D. Prolateral view. E–F. Paratype, ♀ (FCE-Ar 13968), epigynum. E. Ventral view. F. Dorsal view.

Fig. 17. Sarinda contraluz Hagopián & Bustamante sp. nov., drawings of genitalia. A–D. Holotype, ♂ (FCE-Ar 10509), pedipalp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C. Dorsal view. D. Prolateral view. E–F. Paratype, ♀ (FCE-Ar 13968), epigynum. E. Ventral view. F. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; gl = gland; PS = primary spermatheca; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA = retroventral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; SS = secondary spermatheca.

Fig. 18. Sarinda contraluz Hagopián & Bustamante sp. nov., non-type specimen, ♂ (FCE-Ar 13968), SEM of male pedipalp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C. RvTA, ventral view. D. Retrolateral view, white arrow showing the paracymbium. Abbreviations: E = embolus; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; RvTA = retroventral tibial apophysis; T = tegulum.

Fig. 19. Sarinda contraluz Hagopián & Bustamante sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (FCE-Ar 13968), SEM of genitalia. A–C. Epigynum. A. Ventral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Dorsal view, white arrow pointing to the pore of the gland. D. Spermatheca, white arrow pointing to the pore of the bennet gland. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; PS = primary spermatheca; S = spermatheca; SS = secondary spermatheca.

Fig. 20. Sarinda contraluz Hagopián & Bustamante sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (FCE-Ar 13968), SEM of palp. A. General view, white arrow pointing to the abundance of setae in the tibia. B–C. Saber-shaped macrosetae details.

Fig. 21. Sarinda contraluz Hagopián & Bustamante sp. nov., SEM. A–C. Paratype, ♀ (FCE-Ar 13968). A. Prosoma general view, arrow pointing to scales in the constriction between cephalic and thoracic regions. B–C. Arrangement and details of macrosetae. D–E. Non-type specimen, ♂ (FCE-Ar 13968). D. Sternum. E. Metatarsus, arrows pointing to trichobothria.

Fig. 22. Sarinda contraluz Hagopián & Bustamante sp. nov., non-type specimen, ♂ (FCE-Ar 13968), SEM of chelicerae. A. Chelicerae dorsal view, black arrows pointing to the teeth of the promargin and retromargin, white arrows pointing to macrosetae. B. Chelicerae ventral view, black arrow pointing to the retromargin teeth. C. Macrosetae details. D. Teeth of the promargin and retromargin.

Fig. 23. Sarinda contraluz Hagopián & Bustamante sp. nov., non-type specimen, ♂ (FCE-Ar 13968); SEM of opisthosoma. A. General view, white arrows pointing to macrosetae. B–D. Setae details.

Fig. 24. Sarinda contraluz Hagopián & Bustamante sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (FCE-Ar 13968), SEM of spinnerets. A. General view. B. Anterior lateral spinneret. C. Posterior median spinneret. D. Posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations: ac = aciniform gland; alS = anterior lateral spinneret; mAP = minor ampullate spigot; MAP = major ampullate spigot; pi = piriform gland; plS= posterior lateral spinneret; pmS = posterior median spinneret.

Fig. 33. Distribution map with records in Uruguay of Parafluda banksi Chickering, 1946 (blue circles), Sarinda marcosi Piza, 1937 (yellow squares), Sarinda contraluz Hagopián & Bustamante sp. nov. (red inverted triangles) and Sarinda sombraluminosa Hagopián, Laborda & Simó sp. nov. (green triangles).