Chlamydastis montywoodi Phillips and Brown, 2021

Phillips-Rodríguez, Eugenie, Brown, John W., Hallwachs, Winnie & Janzen, Daniel H., 2021, Chlamydastis Meyrick of Costa Rica: barcodes, biology, and descriptions of 36 new species (Lepidoptera: Depressariidae), Insecta Mundi 2021 (868), pp. 1-96 : 35-36

Chlamydastis montywoodi Phillips and Brown , new species

Figures 34, 35 , 77 , 112 , 131

Holotype. Male, Costa Rica, Guanacaste, ACG, Sector San Cristobal, Potrero Argentina, 26.iv.2009, G. Sihezer, reared from larvae feeding on Pouteria reticulata (Sapotaceae) , 09-SRNP-1313, GenBank accession code GU651836 ( USNM).

Paratypes (26♂, 29♀). See Appendix 1.

Diagnosis. Chlamydastis montywoodi is most similar to C. orion and can be distinguished by several features of the male genitalia. In C. montywoodi the arrowhead setae originate from the subapical region of the costa of the valva, whereas they originate near the base of costa in C. orion . Also, C. montywoodi has a patch of long straight setae immediate adjacent to the specialized setae near the apex of the valva, and these setae are lacking altogether in C. orion .

Chlamydastis montywoodi is superficially similar to C. rhomaeopa from Brazil, but based on the original description of the latter, C. rhomaeopa lacks the white streaks in the leaden bluish gray blotch of the distal 0.33 of the forewing characteristic of C. montywoodi .

Description. MALE ( Fig. 34 ). Head. Vertex and frons cream ocherous; labial palpus cream-ocherous; antenna with sensory setae ca. 1.5 times width of flagellomere. Thorax. Dorsum dark brown, tegula chestnut-brown. FW length 8.2–9.0 mm; FW with basal 0.25 chestnut-brown with a longitudinal orange streak from base, followed by an irregular complex pattern of brown and light brown diffuse spots with a few groups of black scales distributed mainly near posterior margin and lateral to postmedial line; a subrectangular chestnut patch at distal end of discal cell faintly bordered with cream; distal 0.33 of FW occupied primarily by a large, leaden bluish-gray blotch bordered distally by a narrow cream subterminal line; blotch with short subcostal dash and two long, slender, white transversal lines in lower portion; subterminal area chestnut-brown; terminal line formed by a series of 6–8 white spots. HW dark gray-brown. Abdomen. Externally dark gray-brown. Genitalia ( Fig. 77 ) with uncus ca. 0.25 length of valva, stout, tip rounded; valva with arrowhead-tipped setae originating from subapical region of costa, a second patch of long, straight setae (without modified tips) from apex of valva; phallus with a long ribbonlike cornutus on vesica.

FEMALE ( Fig. 35 ). Head and Thorax. Essentially as described for male, except sensory setae of antenna short, sparse; FW length 8.5–10.0 mm, with basal 0.25 with rufous scales in costal 0.5, overall paler in color than male. Abdomen. Genitalia ( Fig. 112 ) with papillae anales narrowed posteriorly, with outer margins parallel-sided; antrum lightly sclerotized; ductus bursae broad, mostly membranous, but with region of longitudinal sclerotized ridges near middle; corpus bursae ovate with lip-shaped signum slightly constricted in center.

DNA barcodes. The 103 barcodes of C. montywoodi form a BIN (BOLD:AAA0211) with an average distance of 0.22% among sequences and a distance of 3.42% to its nearest neighbor, C. dondavisi .

Distribution. Chlamydastis montywoodi has been collected in Costa Rica on the east and west slopes of the central mountain range from 0 to 700 m. In ACG it occurs in the rain forest from 60 to 670 m.

Biology. Chlamydastis montywoodi has been reared from larvae feeding on Chrysophyllum brenesii Cronquist (n = 167), Pouteria campechiana (n = 1), P.cainito L. (n = 7), P. durlandii (Standl.) Baehni (n = 1), P. exfoliata T. D. Penn (n = 5), P. izabalensis (Standl.) Baehni (n = 4), P. juruana K. Krause (n = 8), and P. reticulata (Engl.) Eyma (n = 30) (all Sapotaceae ) ( Table 1).

Immature stages ( Fig. 131 ). Head orange with black irregular blotch covering most of anterior 0.5; thoracic shield pale orange; T1–T3 brown dorsally to ca. middle of pleuron, pale yellow-orange below; A1–A8 with dorsum brown, yellow laterally; caudal segments yellow.

Parasitoids. Hymenoptera : Braconidae : Agathidinae : Lytopylus robpringlei (n = 4, e.g., DHJPAR0041557); Microgastrinae : Hypomicrogaster Janzen 27 (n = 5, e.g., DHJPAR0038255), Hypomicrogaster Janzen 01 (e.g., DHJPAR 0038248), Dolichogenidea Janzen 36 (e.g., DHJPAR0052991); Bethylidae : Bethylinae Goniozus Janzen 03 (e.g., DHJPAR0039062).

Etymology. Chlamydastis montywoodi is named in honor of the late Monty Wood, a world renowned Canadian dipterist, in recognition of his curatorial and taxonomic contributions to the national biodiversity inventory of Costa Rica.

Deflexa Species Group

The Deflexa Species Group is composed of C. johnnoyesi , C. paulthiaucourti , and C. luisdiegogomezi from Costa Rica; C. deflexa ( Meyrick, 1916) from French Guiana, illustrated by Clarke (1955: 184); and C. ichthyodes (Meyrick, 1926) from Perú, illustrated by Clarke (1955: 187). The five species share similar male genitalia with a short, stout uncus; a narrow gnathos with an upturned distal junction of the arms; and narrow, somewhat parallel-sided valvae with a round apex, with an unusual, long (as long as the valva), armlike projection from the base of the costa of the valva that extends dorsad beyond the uncus, often elbowed at 0.6–0.8 its length, and bears the dense patch of specialized male setae following the elbow. Based on the origin of the specialized setae, it is possible that the armlike projection is homologous with the costa of the valva; however, we are uncertain of this homology. Females have a weakly sclerotized sterigma; a narrow ductus bursae slightly shorter than the corpus bursae, with various constrictions and sclerotization; an elongate corpus bursae that bears numerous longitudinal wrinkles; and a “lip-shaped” signum (i.e., attenuate at each end and narrowed mesally). Males of the group are characterized by the shape of the forewing with the costa deflexed or angled downward in the apical 0.25 of the wing, whereas the female forewing has a much more evenly curved costa. The forewing pattern is somewhat two-toned.

Figures

Figures 32–41. Adults of Chlamydastis from Costa Rica – Orion and Deflexa Species Groups. 32) C. orion, male, 12-SRNP-104862. 33) C. orion, female, 09-SRNP-103250. 34) C. montywoodi, male, holotype, 09-SRNP-1313. 35) C. montywoodi, female, paratype, 03-SRNP-5768. 36) C. johnnoyesi, male, holotype, 11-SRNP-104823. 37) C. johnnoyesi, female, paratype, 11-SRNP-55087. 38) C. luisdiegogomezi, male, holotype, INBIOCRI000484372. 39) C. luisdiegogomezi, female, paratype, INBIOCRI000306703.40) C. paulthiaucourti, male, holotype, 12-SRNP- 105722. 41) C. paulthiaucourti, female, paratype, 09-SRNP-6356.

Figures 74–77. Male genitalia (phallus detached) of Chlamydastis from Costa Rica – Molinella and Orion Species Groups. 74) C. jimlewisi, paratype, 12-SRNP-102168. 75) C. jimmilleri, paratype, INBio 3000691. 76) C. orion, 09-SRNP-101673. 77) C. montywoodi, paratype, 09-SRNP-101318.

Figures 111–117. Female genitalia of Chlamydastis. 111) C. orion, 05-SRNP-6105. 112) C. montywoodi, paratype, 07-SRNP-100462. 113) C. johnnoyesi, paratype, 10-SRNP-115646. 114) C. luisdiegogomezi, paratype, INBIOCRI00306701. 115) C. paulthiaucourti, paratype, INBIOCRI003154784. 116) C. irenecanasae, paratype, Turrialba, USNM slide 153,777.117) C. dondavisi, paratype, 10-SRNP-107941.

Figures 130–134.Chlamydastis larvae. 130) C. powelli, 03-SRNP-4036.131) C. montywoodi, 05-SRNP-4827.132) C. johnnoyesi, 11-SRNP-55087. 133) C. manuelzumbadoi, 08-SRNP-70119. 134) C. vitorbeckeri, 07-SRNP-22603.